Determinants of Rural Poverty in Chile: Evaluating the Role of Public Extension/Credit Programs and Other Factors

Land ownership and its persistent gap between rich and poor is one of the pressing development challenges in Africa. Access to land has fundamental implications for a poor and agrarian African economy like Ethiopia, where most people depend on agriculture for their livelihood. Empirical literatures suggest that access to land is a cause and effect of poverty—at the same time, the role of poverty status of the household in gaining or limiting access to land has received only a passing attention from researchers. This study investigates the effect of ‘being poor’ on access to land using ordered probit and censored tobit models. Three wave panel data of Ethiopian Rural Socioeconomic Survey (ERSS) collected between 2011–12 and 2015–16 are used for the analysis. The study result confirms that poverty does have significant effect on household’s participation and intensity of participation on both sides of the rental market. It is found that being poor, as compared to non-poor counterpart, leads to an increase in the likelihood of rent-in land by 0.068 hectare and reduce the likelihood of rent-out land by 0.046 hectare at 1% and 5% significance levels, respectively. The tenants are not characterised as economically disadvantaged reflecting the existence of reverse tenancy among rural poor in Ethiopia.

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A Capability Approach to Entrepreneurship Education: The Sprouting Entrepreneurs Programme in Rural South African Schools

Discourse and Communication for Sustainable Education ◽

10.2478/dcse-2020-0011 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 119-133

Author(s):

Matthias Forcher-Mayr ◽

Sabine Mahlknecht

Keyword(s):

South African ◽

Capability Approach ◽

Real Life ◽

Rural Poverty ◽

Youth Unemployment ◽

Entrepreneurship Education ◽

The Sustainable Development ◽

Life Challenges ◽

Development Goals

AbstractSprouting Entrepreneurs is a three-year teaching programme for rural primary and secondary schools that focuses on entrepreneurship in agriculture. It addresses the South African real-life challenges of food insecurity, youth unemployment and rural poverty from a classroom perspective, by linking agriculture, food and entrepreneurship as main learning areas. This paper outlines the programme in its local social and economic context. It argues for the need for a concept of entrepreneurship education that views opportunities in the context of young people’s positive freedoms. Its didactical model combines the EntreComp framework with the capability approach developed by Amartya Sen and others. It emphasises the role of capabilities or freedoms in developing and implementing ideas that create value for others. The Sustainable Development Goals form a medium of learning.

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Poverty on the Farm

Down and Out in Late Meiji Japan ◽

10.21313/hawaii/9780824872915.003.0008 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

James L. Huffman

Keyword(s):

Sense Of Community ◽

Urban Poverty ◽

Daily Life ◽

Rural Poverty ◽

Urban Migration ◽

Natural Setting ◽

Mutual Support ◽

Village Life ◽

The Village

Comparison is theme of this chapter, which looks at rural poverty as a way of understanding what was universal and what unique about urban poverty. After a look at the nature-and season-dominated village setting, the work examines daily life: hard work in the rice fields, raising silkworms, the role of women in both fields and homes. A special theme is the importance community played, in setting rules, providing mutual support, and giving children a more productive place than they enjoyed in the hinminkutsu. The pursuit of pleasure also is seen as important in village life: in baths, in relatively open sexuality, and in the constant festivals. A summary shows that villages, the source of most of the urban migration, were at least as poor as city slums but that the rural poverty’s effect was softened by the natural setting and the village sense of community.

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Development and inequality in the African lions

Handbook of BRICS and Emerging Economies ◽

10.1093/oso/9780198827535.003.0029 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 786-800

Author(s):

David Potts

Keyword(s):

Political Economy ◽

Rural Poverty ◽

Careful Analysis ◽

Economic Transformation ◽

Urban Residents ◽

Historical Evidence ◽

Systemic Analysis ◽

National Economic ◽

African Lions

Ghana’s national economic transformation has been widely celebrated; but what about the role of the country’s cities in this transformation? Typically, the contribution of cities in Ghana to the country’s transformation is seen as negative, or non-existent to negligible. This characterization is quite common for cities in Africa for which The State of Africa Cities reports mostly brand as rural poverty-driven settlements. None of these claims, however, is based on a systemic analysis of what contribution cities in Ghana have made to the country’s economic transformation. This chapter, seeks to provide a more careful analysis of the existing statistical and historical evidence. using a heterodox spatial political economy methodology. The chapter argues that most urban residents are either born in cities or are attracted to them from the countryside; but urbanization cannot be explained as ‘poverty driven’, especially when rural poverty in the country has been falling and the urban economies of many cities are booming.

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The Role of Agriculture and Foreign Remittances in Mitigating Rural Poverty: Empirical Evidence from Pakistan

Risk Management and Healthcare Policy ◽

10.2147/rmhp.s235580 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol Volume 13 ◽

pp. 13-26 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Yaping Liu ◽

Asad Amin ◽

Samma Faiz Rasool ◽

Qamar uz Zaman

Keyword(s):

Empirical Evidence ◽

Rural Poverty

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Agricultural credit provision: what really determines farmers’ participation and credit rationing?

Agricultural Finance Review ◽

10.1108/afr-02-2016-0010 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 77 (2) ◽

pp. 239-256 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Collins Asante-Addo ◽

Jonathan Mockshell ◽

Manfred Zeller ◽

Khalid Siddig ◽

Irene S. Egyir

Keyword(s):

Service Providers ◽

Rural Poverty ◽

Credit Rationing ◽

Farm Households ◽

Unique Contribution ◽

Loan Default ◽

Content Type ◽

Factors Influencing ◽

Entry Points ◽

Credit Programs

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze determinants of farmers’ participation and credit rationing in microcredit programs using survey data from Ghana. Design/methodology/approach The authors use the Garrett Ranking Technique to analyze farmers’ reasons for participation or non-participation in credit programs, a probit regression model to estimate factors influencing farm households’ participation, and the Heckman’s sample selection model to identify factors influencing farm households’ probability of being credit rationed by microcredit programs. Findings The results reveal that farm households participate in credit programs because of improved access to savings services and agricultural loans. Fear of loan default and lack of savings are reasons for non-participation in credit programs. Furthermore, membership in farmer-based organizations (FBOs) and the household head’s formal education are positively associated with farmers’ participation in credit programs. The likelihood of farmers being credit rationed (i.e. their loan applications were either rejected or the amount of credit they applied for was reduced) is less likely among higher income farmers and members of FBOs such as farmer cooperatives and savings clubs. Practical implications The findings suggest that policy strategies aiming to improve access to savings and credit services should educate farmers and strengthen FBOs that could serve as entry points for financial service providers. Such market smart strategies have the potential to improve farmers’ access to financial services and reduce rural poverty. Originality/value Although existing studies have examined farmers’ participation in credit markets and credit rationing separately, the unique contribution of this paper is the analysis of participation in microcredit programs as well as the likelihood of farmers being credit rationed in Ghana.

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