Country Efficiency Study Based on Science & Technology Indicators: DEA Approach

This paper examines the relative efficiency of the innovation process in 75 countries worldwide during the period 2010–2018 using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Research and development (R&D) technical efficiency is examined using a model with R&D expenditure as an input and patents, trademark applications and scientific and technical journal papers as outputs. The results of this work confirm that there is no direct relationship between innovation efficiency and the resources are devoted to it. Furthermore, a lack of concern for technological progress was detected, focusing efforts on the best use of available technology and on changes of scale in innovation activities. For this reason, the governments of the countries should promote scientific and technological research which will make it possible to create and improve the current technologies and to have human resources that are highly trained and qualified for the working environment.

Factors Affecting the Entrepreneurial Supply Chain in Disasters in Iran From the Perspective of Experts

Background: Supply chain includes all related parts that directly or indirectly meet the customers’ demands. During disasters, the supply chain disrupts. It seems that paying attention to innovation and entrepreneurship can solve some of these disruptions. This study was conducted to extract the factors affecting the technology-oriented entrepreneurial rescue supply chain in the Red Crescent Society from experts and specialists in Iran. Materials and Methods: This qualitative content analysis was conducted in 2020. Using the content analysis method, the considered criteria were collected through open-ended questions and interviews. To determine the desired indicators, 30 people were interviewed in-depth in a purposeful manner using snowball sampling. The thematic analysis method was also used to analyze the interviews. Results: A total of 30 experts with a mean age of 46 years were interviewed, of whom 21 cases were male. Also, 16 cases had a PhD degree, and 14 had a Master’s degree. After analyzing and extracting the criteria from the interviews, 123 codes were obtained. Finally, the codes were divided into two classes: supply chain management and technology indicators. The supply chain management class included subclasses of customer integration, supplier integration, internal integration, and innovative orientation. The technology indicators class included subclasses of individual characteristics, attitudinal factors, educational factors, technical factors, economic factors, environmental factors, and human and managerial factors. Conclusion: Supply chains are essential for entrepreneurship because of the involvement of different parts of the Red Crescent Organization of Iran in joint activities. Because of the expansion of entrepreneurship issues in the supply chain, presenting a technology-oriented comprehensive model of the entrepreneurial supply chain in the Red Crescent Organization is of great importance. In today’s competitive environment, supply chain management is a strategic and robust basis for the Red Crescent Organization to achieve success and competitive advantage.

Technological properties of porous concrete autoclave and non-autoclave hardening

Some aspects of resource saving problem in the process of construction of heated construction installations are considered in the paper, also heat transfer problem in porouse concrete. Is paid attention to necessity of application with mass construction of habitation of products from porouse concrete, first of all - products from of cellular concrete. In article the basic requirements of the standard documents regulating constructive properties of various building materials, including various concrete are analysed. The design a warm wall on the basis of products from porous concrete is considered. Its advantages in comparison with known designs of warm walls are shown. In article changes of technological properties of various building materials are considered at influence on them of a moisture. The analysis of the standard-regulating documents, concerning operational qualities, concerning reliability and durability of designs is carried out. The basic technical properties gas-concrete non-autoclave solidification on the basis of a waste stone machining are analysed. Results of researches technology indicators cement cellular concrete non-autoclave solidification with offered filling material are resulted.

From indicators to indicating interdisciplinarity: A participatory mapping methodology for research communities in-the-making

This article discusses a project under development called “Inventing Indicators of Interdisciplinarity,” as an example of work in methodology development that combines quantitative methods with interpretative approaches in social and cultural research. Key to our project is the idea that Science and Technology Indicators not only have representative value, enabling empirical insight into fields of research and innovation but simultaneously have organizing capacity, as their deployment enables the curation of communities of interpretation. We begin with a discussion of concepts and methods for the analysis of interdisciplinarity in Science and Technology Studies (STS) and scientometrics, stressing that both fields recognize that interdisciplinarity is contested. To make possible a constructive exploration of interdisciplinarity as a contested—and transformative—phenomenon, we sketch out a methodological framework for the development and deployment of “engaging indicators.” We characterize this methodology of indicating as participatory, abductive, interactive, and informed by design, and emphasize that the method is inherently combinatory, as it brings together approaches from scientometrics, STS, and humanities research. In a final section, we test the potential of our approach in a pilot study of interdisciplinarity in AI, and offer reflections on digital mapping as a pathway towards indicating interdisciplinarity.

FORMATION OF PARAMETER SYSTEM FOR DIAGNOSTICS PRODUCTS BIOSPHERE COMPATIBILITY

The article deals with the stage of formation of universal indicators of evaluation of biosphere compatible production on the principles of sustainable development. The concept of assessment consists in the universalisation of the assessment criteria adapted to the relevant industry in view of the environmental and economic constraints that operate in accordance with international environmental regulations. The limits of isolation of optimal solutions and algorithm of their estimation are presented. A list of economic and managerial independent factors (indicators) based on commonly accepted accounting indicators is proposed. Factors that impede the spread of best practices for sustainable production in diagnosing environmental and economic compliance are analyzed. On the basis of the analysis of impact factors, a list of coefficients and indicators that integrate the components of the socio-ecological-economic system into a single system of biosphere compatibility assessment and comprehensively characterize production is proposed.Key words: environmental and economic monitoring, sustainable development, green technology indicators, biosphere compatibility of production.

Company and State Performance in Key Enabling Technologies — Case Study of Nanotechnology Industry

The so-called Key Enabling Technologies (KETs) are high-tech and promising technologies that are expected to significantly contribute to solving the societal and environmental challenges, which modern European society is facing. Thus, European Commission significantly supports the innovations relating to KETs. Focusing at one of KETs — nanotechnology, the aim of the paper is to present current complex evaluation system of KETs based on technology indicators and applying it at specific use case of moderate and lead nanotechnology-performing countries. Furthermore, the two-dimensional (technology and economic) assessment of the nanotechnology-performing companies in each country is done in order to support the KETs evaluation results. The quantitative and qualitative data of secondary research by various open databases are used. Finally, the necessity of complex evaluation of KETs implementation applying principles of the sustainable development and technology dimension is addressed.