SHAPING THE SYSTEM OF JUDICIAL CONTROL OF DISCIPLINARY DECISIONS IN SERVICE RELATIONSHIPS

Initially, disciplinary liability was not subject to judicial control. The shaping of the judicial control of disciplinary decisions was a long-standing process which was finally established with the entry into force of the constitutional principle right of access to court. A systemic analysis of the provisions in question indicates that the system and functioning of this institution are not based on clear and rational assumptions that meet the postulated criteria of a satisfactory (decent) regulation. Existing provisions often regulate institutional, material and procedural aspects of this control in a different way. This approach to the control system puts the litigant parties (especially the accused) in unjustifiably different procedural situations resulting from different rules of procedure in force in common courts of law and administrative courts.

Inhibition of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium Type Ⅲ Secretion System and Infection Using Small Molecule Quercitrin

AimsThis study was conducted to screen the type Ⅲ secretion system (T3SS) inhibitors of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) from natural compounds. Through systemic analysis the pharmacological activity and action mechanism of candidate compounds in vivo and in vitro. Methods and resultsUsing an effector-β-lactamase fusion reporter system in S. Typhimurium, we discovered that quercitrin could block effector SipA translocation into eukaryotic host cell without affecting bacterial growth, and inhibit invasion or epithelial cells damage. Using β-galactosidase activity and Western blot assay, it was found that quercitrin significantly inhibits the expression of SPI-1 genes (hilA and sopA) and effectors (SipA and SipC). The animal experiment results indicated that quercitrin reduces mortality, pathological damages and colony colonization of infected mice. ConclusionsSmall-molecule inhibitor quercitrin directly inhibits the founction of T3SS in S. Typhimurium, and provids a potential alternative antimicrobial against Salmonella infection.Significance and impact of the studyNatural compounds have become valuable resources for antibacterials discovery due to their widely structures and biological activities. However, the potential targets and molecular action mechanisms of candidate compounds responsible for anti-infections remain elusive. The T3SS plays a crucial role in bacterial invasion and pathogenesis process in S. Typhimurium. Compared with traditional antibiotics, small molecular compounds can inhibit the T3SS of Salmonella and achieve the effect of anti-infection. They have less pressure on bacterial survival and are not easy to produce drug resistance. This provides strong evidence for development novel anti-virulence drugs against Salmonella infection.

Corrupt from the Head Down: Human Rights Impacts of Political Favouritism in Public Procurement

Public procurement represents a significant part of the global economy and influencesthe nature and quality of public goods and services. Consequently, it has substantial direct and indirectlinks with the human rights of a wide array of rightsholders. However, public procurement systemsrarely reflect these links and remain resistant to calls on human rights integration from internationalorganizations and academic scholarship. While this divergence is often discussed, the root governance issues that create the gap between public procurement and human rights and contribute to the lackof progress remain relatively unexplored. This paper investigates a prevalent governance issue inpublic procurement – political favouritist corruption schemes – and their role in the paradoxical lackof progress in aligning public procurement systems with human rights requirements. Through theanalysis of primary and secondary sources, the paper demonstrates the links between such corruptpractices and prevalent human rights issues in public procurement. It argues that by underminingpublic procurement systems, political favouritism jeopardizes primary economic and secondarysocial objectives of procurement and brings about adverse human rights impacts. These impactsharm civil and political, as well as economic, social and cultural human rights in national contextsand obstruct the development at large. Moreover, this corrupt arrangement represents a roadblockfor promoting human rights integration in public procurement and, hence, hampers the progressfor the novel approach of the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights in general, andits provisions concerning the state-business nexus in particular. The paper concludes by outliningthe need for further interdisciplinary and empirical research which will explore this issue throughthe lens of business and human rights, and offer a systemic analysis of root causes, the state of playand potential solutions.

International Law and Weapons Review

International law requires that, before any new weapon is developed, purchased or modified, the legality of its use must be determined. This book offers the first comprehensive and systemic analysis of the law mandating such assessments – Article 36 of the 1977 Additional Protocol I to the Geneva Conventions. Underpinned by empirical research, the book explores the challenges the weapons review authorities are facing when examining emerging military technology, such as autonomous weapons systems and (autonomous) cyber capabilities. It argues that Article 36 is sufficiently broad to cover a wide range of military systems and offers States the necessary flexibility to adopt a process that best suits their organisational demands. While sending a clear signal that law should not simply follow technological developments, but rather steer them, the provision has its limits, however, which are shaped and defined by the interpretative decisions made by States.

EXPLORING APPROPRIATE EXERCISES FOR REHABILITATION IN A POST-STROKE PATIENT WITH IHD AND HYPOTHYROIDISM

According to a systemic analysis conducted in 2017, the blunt stroke incidence in various parts of India ranged from 44.29 to 559 per 100,000 people over the previous two decades. Stroke is the sudden loss of any neurological function due to a disturbance of blood flow. The majority of stroke victims suffer from long-term disability. We present the case of a 72-year-old woman who was admitted to the hospital with symptoms of fatigue on the left side of her body and facial palsy on the left side, on further assessment it was found that patient had coronary artery bypass grafting before 10 years with no post-operative complications and also had a history of hypothyroidism, this brings about the suspicion about the correlation between the stroke with the history of IHD and hypothyroidism. To manage these passive movements breathing exercises, bed mobility exercises, strengthening exercises followed by gait training was given which was highly effective to make the patient independent and return to her daily activities

Translating in a constrained environment

Translating children’s literature has been an object of interest researched from a number of vantage points, including the question of constraining factors. Scholars have highlighted mainly the question of dual readership or cultural adaptation, frequently without a global and systemic analysis of all impediments. This article examines the Polish translation of the German book for children, Katharina von der Gathen’s Klär mich auf, from a constraint-based framework. This article focuses on the reconstruction of the constraints in the translation process: the point of departure is the framework with three basic factors that constrain translation, i.e., the intention of the author/translator, text type, and the profile of the audience. The presented argumentation incorporates other formal impediments, such as the visual layer of the book and the semiotic make-up of the source text, language taboo and censorship or the literary polysystems. The analysis of the constraint framework helps to comprehend the translation in terms of the ST-TT relationship regarding their intended audiences, genre-related features, and the child-adult duality.

New science of art of Hans Sedlmayr

This article provides a brief systemic analysis of the key concepts of the so-called new science of art developed by the Austrian art historian Hans Sedlmayr. The result of Seldmayr’s pursuits are reflected in creation of his own philosophy of art and culture based on a particular worldview. The cognition of the whole, along with individual and unique, underlies this science. Understanding is the goal of scientific knowledge for Sedlmayr. It suggests not only abstract knowledge, but peculiar existential experience as well. Sedlmayr interprets the understanding of artwork as its contemplation, which in turn, is identical to its actualization or presence. In Seldlmayr’s art of science, epistemologies and ontologies merge into each other. He interprets artworks simultaneously as the event and as the social organism, which overcomes the linearity of time and fragmentation of plurality. This artificial complex system, built on the paradoxical identity of the single and plenty, is both finite and infinite. Sedlmayr’s views encompass classical and nonclassical approach towards cognition of the whole. He relies on the principles of monism, seeking to reduce all concepts to a single basis, single point of singularity that designates the synthesis of all the moments of the whole and can be expressed by a single category. The main category, which resembles the center of the opposites, is the “midpoint” (Mitte). The aforementioned ideas are consistent and logical only in such scientific worldview that identifies ontology and epistemology, which implies the unity of contemplation and phenomenon of the artwork. Therefore, in Sedlmayr's constructions, actualization or revival of the artwork is identical with its comprehension. The systemic approach towards the artwork reflected in the theoretical works of Sedlmayr extends the boundaries of art science and converges with philosophy.

Socio-economic outcomes of the COVID-19 pandemic for Ukraine

The article presents a comprehensive analysis of the causes and consequences of both human and socio-economic losses incurred by Ukraine as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and restrictions introduced by the government in order to prevent its spread. The author's attention is primarily focused on exploring the population's social well-being, as well as examining changes in the quality of Ukrainians' lives during the pandemic. The study of the above-mentioned issues is complemented by a sociological inquiry into public views on the coronavirus problem, efficacy of the authorities' actions aimed at combating the pandemic, as well as the essence and real effectiveness of socio-economic policy pursued by the Ukrainian government in present-day conditions. Drawing upon a systemic analysis, the author argues that the ongoing socio-economic crisis in Ukraine, along with vaccine crunch, stems mainly from neoliberal policies implemented by the national government over the past three decades. The article argues the thesis about the transformation of the crisis of confidence, which has been fixed for a long time in Ukraine, into a crisis of vaccination, which today threatens with large humanitarian, economic and geopolitical losses. The research findings allow concluding that the COVID-19 pandemic acted as another trigger for the crisis, thereby intensifying and exacerbating the problems that had already existed in the national economy. The author's arguments are bolstered by a vast array of domestic and foreign statistical data, along with the results of surveys conducted by the Institute of Sociology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (1994–2020), «Research & Branding Group» (2020–2021), as well as other Ukrainian sociological centers.