Cooperation and Discord in South America in the Twenty-First Century

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Sanchez Cabarcas
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
First Century ◽  
Twenty First Century

Brazil’s Role in Latin America’s Regionalism

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-48
Author(s):  
Javier A. Vadell ◽  
Clarisa Giaccaglia
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Political Development ◽  
First Century ◽  
South American ◽  
Regional Policies ◽  
The Future ◽  
Twenty First Century

Abstract At the beginning of the twenty-first century, Brazil became a crucial player as the principal advocate of South American integration. To Mercado Común del Sur (Mercosur) was added the Union of South American Nations (UNASUR), reaffirming regional policies around the idea of “South America.” Today, however, the withdrawal of Brazilian leadership along with the reversals and loss of focus in UNASUR and Mercosur have damaged the credibility of the region’s initiatives, as well as finding South America’s common voice. Despite this, this article argues that Brazil has not entirely disengaged from the region or abandoned the principle of regionalism. Recognition of Latin America’s distinctive history the authors to construct a model that incorporates complexity and disorder in which Brazil’s institutional political development will have significant repercussions for the future of the region.

The Grimmness of Contemporary Fairy Tales: Exploring the Legacy of the Brothers Grimm in the Twenty-First Century

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Zipes
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
South America ◽  
Fairy Tales ◽  
First Century ◽  
Brothers Grimm ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South

This chapter explores some of the more salient contemporary Grimm variants, primarily in the fields of literature and poetry that have appeared in North and South America, the United Kingdom, Ireland, and Australia during the twenty-first century. The chapter endeavors to choose and discuss works that represent, in the author's opinion, significant artistic contributions to our understanding of the Grimms' folk and fairy tales and are furthermore innovations that seek to alter our viewpoints on how these tales relate to current sociopolitical conditions. Alongside a discussion of these contemporary fairy tales, the chapter also touches upon its use of the terms “Grimmness” and “Grimm.”

Of Signatures and Status: Andrés Sánchez Gallque and Contemporary Painters in Early Colonial Quito

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 603-644
Author(s):  
Susan V. Webster
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
First Century ◽  
Modern Literature ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
South American ◽  
Early Colonial ◽  
Twenty First Century

The 1599 portrait Don Francisco de Arobe and His Sons, Pedro and Domingo by Andean artist Andres Sanchez Gallque (Figure 1) is one of the most frequently cited and reproduced paintings in the modern literature on colonial South America. The painting has been extensively praised, parsed, and interpreted by twentieth- and twenty-first-century authors, and heralded as the first signed South American portrait. “Remarkable” is the adjective most frequently employed to describe this work: modern authors express surprise and delight not only with the persuasive illusionistic power of the painting, the mesmerizing appearance of its subjects, and the artist's impressive mastery of the genre, but with the fact that the artist chose to sign and date his work, including a specific reference to his Andean identity.

scholarly journals Future change of climate in South America in the late twenty-first century: intercomparison of scenarios from three regional climate models

2009 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 1073-1097 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose A. Marengo ◽  
Tercio Ambrizzi ◽  
Rosmeri P. da Rocha ◽  
Lincoln M. Alves ◽  
Santiago V. Cuadra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Regional Climate Models ◽  
First Century ◽  
Future Change ◽  
Twenty First Century

Peronospora belbahrii (basil downy mildew).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jo Anne Crouch
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Geographic Range ◽  
First Century ◽  
Crop Losses ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Twenty First Century

Abstract Basil downy mildew was first identified from Uganda during 1932 and 1937, resulting in significant crop losses (Hansford, 1933; Hansford, 1939). Following these original outbreaks, the disease was reported sporadically in Africa during the twentieth century: in Tanzania in 1960 (Riley, 1960), then again in Benin during 1998 (Gumedzoe et al., 1998). The disease was first identified outside of Africa in 2001, when it was reported from Switzerland (Belbahri et al., 2005). Unlike the intermittent African outbreaks of the twentieth century, the twenty-first century outbreaks of basil downy mildew are persistent, and the geographic range of P. belbahrii continues to expand. Since 2001, P. belbahrii has spread throughout Europe, North America, Asia, and parts of Africa, Central and South America, and the Caribbean. Losses incurred due to basil downy mildew in the USA alone are estimated to reach tens of millions of dollars (Wyenandt et al., 2015).

The Agrarian Question a Century after October 1917: Capitalist Agriculture and Agricultures in Capitalism

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samir Amin
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
First Century ◽  
Russian Revolution ◽  
World Population ◽  
The South ◽  
Agrarian Question ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Key Dimensions ◽  
Historical Capitalism ◽  
Total World Population

This article addresses one of the key dimensions confronting the Russian and Chinese revolutions, that of the agrarian question for the peasantry which constituted popular majorities in each of these countries at the time of their revolutions. In commemoration of the centennial of the Russian Revolution, two challenges are presented here. The first concerns the manner through which historical capitalism has ‘settled’ the (agrarian) question in favour of minorities comprising the populations of the developed capitalist economies of the centre (about 15 per cent of the total world population). Is the reproduction of this model of ‘development’ feasible or achievable for the populations of contemporary Asia, Africa and South America? It is argued that the agrarian question of the peoples of the South can only be solved by a bold vision of socialism. The second challenge concerns the strategy of stages which I propose as a longer-term process of constructing a socialist alternative for the populations of these three continents. As it must, the new agrarian question is the key issue to be addressed in the processes of building socialism in the twenty-first century.

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