The Nuremberg Trials as Cold War Competition: The Politics of the Historical Record and the International Stage

2013 ◽  
pp. 15-30
Author(s):  
Francine Hirsch
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Historical Record ◽  
Nuremberg Trials

History and Human Rights

2019 ◽  
pp. 225-236
Author(s):  
Katherine M. Marino
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Women's Rights ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Historical Record ◽  
Women’S Rights ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
The Cold War

The Epilogue demonstrates how the UN Charter’s women’s and human rights promises inspired feminists throughout the Americas, and how the Cold War stifled the movement and largely erased the historical memory of inter-American feminism. Paulina Luisi and Marta Vergara helped organize an inter-American feminist meeting in Guatemala in 1947 that articulated broad meanings of inter-American feminism and global women’s and human rights. However, the Cold War’s pitched battle between communism and capitalism narrowed both “feminism” and “human rights” to mean individual political and civil rights. The Cold War also contributed to historical amnesia about this movement. The epilogue explores how Cold War politics affected each of the six feminists in the book. Each woman sought in different ways to archive the movement and write inter-American feminism into the historical record. The epilogue also provides connections between their movement and the global feminist and human rights movements that emerged in the 1970s through the 90s. It argues that the idea that “women’s rights as human rights” was not invented in the 1990s; rather, it drew on the legacy of early twentieth-century inter-American feminism.

Apollo Records and the Birth of Religious Pop

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Burford
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Business Ethics ◽  
Historical Record ◽  
Atomic Age ◽  
Jewish Immigrants ◽  
First Time

Like Johnny Myers, Bess Berman, head of Apollo Records, was a decisive agent in the growth of Mahalia Jackson’s career who has remained shadowy in the historical record. An often contentious relationship between Berman, daughter of Russian-Jewish immigrants, and Jackson, a black Southern migrant, nonetheless produced an important body of gospel recordings. Berman’s business ethics were questionable; she strategically avoided royalty payments to black gospel songwriters, often using Jackson’s name as cover. Though Jackson primarily recorded gospel songs for Berman, her Apollo career unfolded against the backdrop of the early Cold War and for the first time she added to her repertory the in-vogue religious pop songs that conveyed atomic age anxieties and affirmed American religiosity in opposition to “godless Communism.”

scholarly journals Maximum sustained yield: a policy disguised as science

2013 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmel Finley ◽  
Naomi Oreskes
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Historical Record ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
Fisheries Science ◽  
The Us ◽  
Maximum Sustained Yield ◽  
Policy Objectives ◽  
The Commons ◽  
Sustained Yield ◽  
The Cold War

Abstract Finley, C. and Oreskes, N. 2013. Maximum sustained yield: a policy disguised as science. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 70: 245–250. Overfishing is most commonly explained as an example of the tragedy of the commons, where individuals are unable to control their activities, leading to the destruction of the resource they are dependent on. The historical record suggests otherwise. Between1949 and 1958, the US State Department used fisheries science, and especially the concept of maximum sustained yield (MSY) as a political tool to achieve its foreign policy objectives. During the Cold War, the Department thought that if countries were allowed to restrict fishing in their waters, it might lead to restrictions on passage of military vessels. While there has been much criticism of MSY and its failure to conserve fish stocks, there has been little attention paid to the political context in which MSY was adopted.

The End of the Cold War

2021 ◽  
pp. 193-234
Author(s):  
Sebastian Rosato
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
The United States ◽  
Historical Record ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nuclear Forces ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The Cold War

This chapter examines U.S.-Soviet relations at the end of the Cold War (1985-90). The bulk of the chapter draws on the primary and secondary historical record to evaluate how American and Soviet decision makers viewed each other’s intentions, focusing on the Soviet Union’s early unilateral arms control initiatives; Moscow’s efforts to forge a “grand compromise”; the negotiation and aftermath of the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty; and Moscow’s retrenchment, including its withdrawal from Afghanistan and announcement that it would make significant cuts to its conventional forces in Europe. Were they confident that their counterparts had benign intentions—that is, did they trust each other—as asserted by intentions optimists? Or were they uncertain about each other’s intentions, which is to say that they mistrusted each other, as suggested by intentions pessimism? Having shown that Washington and Moscow were acutely uncertain about each other’s intentions in each case, the chapter then describes the resulting U.S.-Soviet security competition. Finally, the chapter examines the last two years of the Cold War and demonstrates that although neither side came close to trusting the other, only the United States continued to compete for security, because the Soviet Union could not afford to sustain the effort.

A “Revenge Bound Orgy”

2021 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 475-507
Author(s):  
Kelli Y. Nakamura
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Historical Record ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Media

On November 13, 1945, Honolulu residents awoke to news of a mass riot the previous evening by over one thousand sailors in the Damon Tract area in Honolulu. Although it was one of the largest postwar military uprisings on American soil, the riot itself has not been carefully examined in the historical record due other events and interests locally and nationally, as the media continued to operate within a highly militarized state. Remembering and understanding the Damon Tract riot became secondary to America’s Cold War interests in the Pacific, the growth of tourism in the Islands, and efforts to garner statehood for Hawai‘i that depended on unifying these historically contentious identities at the expense of acknowledging conflict that existed in the past.

Death to Fascism

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. Enyeart
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Political Culture ◽  
Historical Record ◽  
Black Intellectuals ◽  
New Humanism ◽  
Community Activists ◽  
The Us ◽  
Constant State ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
The Cold War

Death to Fascism focuses on how social justice immigrant activist Louis Adamic went from being a Slovenian peasant to leading a coalition that included black intellectuals and journalists, working-class militants, ethnic community activists, novelists, and radicals who made antifascism the dominant US political culture from the mid-1930s through 1948. By championing racial and ethnic equality, workers’ rights, and anticolonialism, Adamic and his fellow antifascists helped to transform the US understanding of democracy. From the 1920s through his death in 1951, Adamic became a celebrity because his writings tapped into a larger US identity crisis. This conflict pitted those who associated being American with a static category informed by Anglo Protestant culture against those who understood identity in a constant state of flux defined and redefined by newcomers and new ideas. Adamic shaped the latter view. During his life, he saw himself—and those he identified with—as traversing through four states of being: exile, cultural pluralist, agent of diaspora, and dedicated anticolonialist advocating a new humanism. His legacy has been lost because his anticommunist enemies, who largely succeeded in misrepresenting his beliefs after his likely murder, engaged in a conscious effort to erase him from the historical record because of the threat his ideas posed to the procorporate, hypermilitaristic, and racist outlooks baked into the Cold War liberal order.

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