Birds of a feather: a normative model of assessing consumers’ satisfaction in a generalized expectation–disconfirmation paradigm

Group effects on individual inferences were studied to determine whether risky shifts in individual judgments would follow group decisions. Ss were asked to make likelihood ratio estimations in a non-cumulative condition and cumulative odds estimates in another condition. Ss were either in individual followed by group conditions or the reverse. Both natural and ad hoc 5-person groups were used. The normative model provided by Bayes' theorem was used to examine groups with effects on individual judgments. Natural and ad hoc groups did not differ. Noncumulative likelihood-ratio groups were veridical compared with the normative model. Although cumulative odds group were conservative in their judgments, no systematic shifts in a risky or conservative direction were found for either task. The group had an anchoring or conformity effect on later judgments of individuals, but this effect was not in the direction of veridicality.

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Edge-preserving tomographic reconstruction from gaussian data using a gibbs prior and a generalized expectation-maximization algorithm

International Journal of Imaging Systems and Technology ◽

10.1002/ima.1850050306 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 231-238 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Luigi Bedini ◽

Emanuele Salerno ◽

Anna Tonazzini

Keyword(s):

Expectation Maximization ◽

Tomographic Reconstruction ◽

Expectation Maximization Algorithm ◽

Edge Preserving ◽

Gaussian Data ◽

Generalized Expectation

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Market segmentation: normative model versus business reality

European Journal of Marketing ◽

10.1108/03090569610121665 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 30 (6) ◽

pp. 36-51 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Erwin Danneels

Keyword(s):

Market Segmentation ◽

Normative Model ◽

Model Versus

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Dissatisfaction toward O2O websites: expectation disconfirmation and justice perspective

Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics ◽

10.1108/apjml-05-2020-0374 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Tong Che ◽

Meng Ji ◽

Xiabing Zheng ◽

Bo Feng

Keyword(s):

Design Methodology ◽

Research Model ◽

Justice Theory ◽

Content Type ◽

Customer Complaints ◽

Justice Perception ◽

Consumer Dissatisfaction ◽

Expectation Disconfirmation ◽

Survey Responses ◽

Service Managers

PurposeThe online-to-offline (O2O) business is developing rapidly and is highly popular in many countries. Nevertheless, O2O suffers from a large number of customer complaints that result in consumer loss. Focusing on the O2O context, this study integrates expectation disconfirmation theory (EDT) and justice theory to investigate consumers' dissatisfaction toward O2O websites.Design/methodology/approachA research model was proposed and tested using 329 survey responses.FindingsResults show that the identified website disconfirmation and offline service disconfirmation could lead to consumer dissatisfaction. Importantly, the impacts of disconfirmation factors are contingent upon the justice perception of consumers. When a transaction is perceived as unfair, website disconfirmation arouses a higher level of dissatisfaction, and the negative emotions could transfer from O2O and damage the website's reputation.Originality/valueThis study explores the continuance intentions of customers toward O2O websites from a dissatisfaction perspective, with insights for future service studies and O2O service managers.

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