From Contractual Flexibility to Contractor’s Cooperative Behavior in Construction Projects: The Multiple Mediation Effects of Ongoing Trust and Justice Perception

The flexible contract is an important mechanism for owners to govern contractors in construction projects. Given the limited explanatory power of the justice mechanism and the important role of relational factors, this study explored the role of ongoing trust and justice perception in the relationship between contractual flexibility and the contractor’s cooperative behavior and aimed to further reveal the potential influence paths through an empirical analysis. We found the following: (1) apart from justice perception, ongoing trust is another crucial mediation factor in the relationship. (2) Together with the former, ongoing trust plays significantly multiple mediation effects and constitutes the main indirect influence paths, among which the parallel one is strongest and the chain one comes third. (3) Moreover, both factors are more likely to be impacted by contract executing flexibility, compared with contract content flexibility. These findings enrich relational mechanism research and provide some guidance for the owner to build contractual flexibility to govern contractors’ behavior.

INCREASE CUSTOMER AFFECTION: FOCUSING ON JUSTICE PERCEPTION EFFECT TO THE LOYALTY

This research was aimed to determine the direct and indirect effect of justice perception, which would be analyzed in this research and based on three dimensions as distributive justice, interactional justice, and procedural justice to the customer affection and loyalty of patients in Xxx Hospital Malang. The research population covered the patients or families who have complained about service failure in the hospital. This data was based on the data from the public relation of Xxx Hospital Malang in 2018. The total sample was 232 respondents who had been selected through the saturated sampling method. The data was analyzed through the Partial Least Square PLS technique in SmartPLS 3.0 program application. The research finding indicated that distributive justice did not significantly affect customer affection from the three construct dimensions of justice perception. In contrast, the interactional justice and procedural justice affected positively and significantly the customer affection, and then the customer affection affected positively and significantly patient loyalty. This result showed that the higher interactional justice and procedural justice of patients would determine the higher customer affection of patients to Xxx Hospital Malang. The higher customer affection would determine the higher patient loyalty. For further research is recommended to re-explore the research variables that might affect the customer affection and loyalty directly on similar research objects or other hospitals, for instance, customer satisfaction, revisit intention, WOM, and other aspects. The next researches should also be done by developing the research model and using samples with different characteristics.

Effect of Islamic Work Ethics on Dimensions of Organizational Justice: A Case of Banks of District Peshawar, KP-Pakistan

The attention of business ethics from Islamic viewpoint has become more significant for business in this modern era. The aim of this study is to examine the consequence of Islamic work ethics on justice perception among the banks of District Peshawar. The concept of organizational justice integrated three measurements, specifically procedural, interactional and distributive justice. Practicing and Potential Personnel were surveyed and adopted questionnaire was used for data collection tools. The sample was collected from 205 employees from different banks operating in District Peshawar. The result proposed that Islamic work ethics significantly contribute the three levels of fairness perceptions. Furthermore, Islamic work ethics influence dimensions of organizational justice positively. Limitations, implications and suggestions for future work are also discussed in this study.

Perceptions of Distributive Justice of People in Contemporary China: an Empirical Study

Objectives: This paper aims to explore the impact of media use, subjective class status, local comparison and demographic variables on Chinese people's perception of distributive justice through quantitative analysis. Based on the existing literature, distributive justice is divided into macro distributive justice and micro distributive justice, of which the micro distributive justice includes two dimensions of outcome justice and opportunity justice. The paper analyzes 2015 Chinese General Social Survey data (CGSS2015) and get some results. First, in terms of Chinese people's macro-distributive justice perception, the use of Internet media has a negative impact on macro-distributive justice perception, subjective class status and local comparison have a positive impact, and gender, degree of education and birth generation in demographic variables also have significant impacts; Second, in terms of perceived outcome justice, subjective class status and local comparison have significant positive impacts on perceived outcome justice, gender has a significant positive impact on perceived outcome justice, and degree of education and birth age have negative impacts on perceived outcome justice; Third, for perceived justice of opportunity, Internet media use and degree of education have significant negative effects, while subjective class status, local comparison, birth generation and other variables have positive effects.

Employee perception of talent management practices and turnover intentions: a multiple mediator model

PurposeThe study aims to investigate employees' overall justice perception and job stress as multiple mediators in the relationship between perceived talent management (TM) practices and turnover intention.Design/methodology/approachCovering various industries in Bangkok, Thailand, the sample of the study consists of 552 employees, including both talented employees and normal employees as defined by their organization. Online questionnaires were distributed internally by selected organizations, and structural equations modeling was used to analyze the data.FindingsThe results indicate that both overall justice perception and job stress mediate the relationship between perceived TM practices and turnover intention.Originality/valueThe study contributes to the lack of empirical evidence in TM literature and aids in the design of better TM strategies to deliver effective organizational investments in its people.

The Concept of Social Justice from the Perspective of University Students

The aim of this study is to reveal how university students conceptualize their perceptions of social justice. 393 university students were included as the sample of the research. An interview form was sent to the students online. The content analysis technique was used in the analysis of the data. As results, it was stated that every student is equal, opportunities are provided equally, there is no discrimination, social activities are equally benefited, every student is given the same rights, interests and needs are cared for, and every student is treated fairly. They expressed as the most unjust incidents are "necessity of distance education due to the Covid-19 pandemic," "getting unworthy points," "discrimination," "lack of justice in scoring," "unfair scholarship distribution" and "no course exemption." In addition, since it is not in the literature, a scale can be developed regarding the social justice perception levels of students studying in higher education.

Social Justice Perception of Pre-Service Visual Arts Teachers: Visual Inquiries

<p style="text-align:justify">This study seeks to reveal the perceptions of pre-service visual arts teachers on social justice through art-based practices focused on social justice. Designing on visual phenomenology, this study was performed in the fall semester of the 2018-2019 academic year. Five different activities involving visual inquiries are presented to reveal the perceptions of the pre-service teachers on social justice. The research participants are 35 (13 male, 22 female) sophomore-level pre-service teachers. The data are obtained through course documents, reflective diaries and semi-structured interviews. The data are then analysed through content analysis; reliability and validity are ensured through triangulation. This study identifies four different themes: association, questioning, transformation and reflection. The findings show that the pre-service teachers questioned common issues related to social justice. It was observed in the activities performed in this study that the pre-service teachers identified the visual themes. They mentioned common social justice issues based on the things they experienced and their observations. These are such as women's rights, violence against women, children's rights, LGBT, animal rights, language and religion differences, income imbalance, racism, and discrimination. The issues they questioned were the direct expression of the individual experiences of the pre-service teachers through visuals.</p>

The Concept of Social Justice from the Perspective of University Students

The aim of this study is to reveal how university students conceptualize their perceptions of social justice. 393 university students were included as the sample of the research. An interview form was sent to the students online. The content analysis technique was used in the analysis of the data. As results, it was stated that every student is equal, opportunities are provided equally, there is no discrimination, social activities are equally benefited, every student is given the same rights, interests and needs are cared for, and every student is treated fairly. They expressed as the most unjust incidents are "necessity of distance education due to the Covid-19 pandemic," "getting unworthy points," "discrimination," "lack of justice in scoring," "unfair scholarship distribution" and "no course exemption." In addition, since it is not in the literature, a scale can be developed regarding the social justice perception levels of students studying in higher education.