Surplus Power Factor as a Resilience Measure for Assessing Hydraulic Reliability in Water Transmission System Optimization

In an electric utility network, the occurrence of voltage depression on transmission and distribution lines is due to the flow of reactive power. It is desirable to regulate the voltage within a narrow range of its nominal value (±5% range around their nominal values). Thus, reactive power control is necessary so as to control dynamic voltage swings under various system conditions and thereby improve the power system transmission and distribution performance. A fast acting Static Compensator (STATCOM) is required to produce or absorb reactive power so as to provide the necessary reactive power balance in transmission and distribution system. Modern reactive power compensation employs voltage source inverter (VSI). In this paper, a static compensator based on three-phase, three-level voltage source inverter (VSI) was investigated. The paper is intended to show how this STATCOM can be used to improve the ac system power factor and voltage regulation, and hence improve the performance of the transmission and distribution lines. Application of this STATCOM to a transmission system achieved unity power factor, thereby reducing the active power loss by 38.7% and consequently decreasing power costs, as well as increasing transmission system capacity. The presence of the STATCOM also reduced the reactive power flowing on the line from 2.79 MVAr to 1745VAr – resulting in optimum voltage regulation at the load bus. The reactive elements (L and C) are small in size.

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Strategic Sustainable Management for Water Transmission System: A SWOT-QSPM Analysis

Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum ◽

10.22146/jcef.30234 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 29

Author(s):

Ni Made Sumiarsih ◽

Djoko Legono ◽

Robert J. Kodoatie

Keyword(s):

Swot Analysis ◽

Transmission System ◽

System Component ◽

Strategy Analysis ◽

Water Losses ◽

Drain Pipe ◽

Comprehensive Strategy ◽

Central Java ◽

Design Discharge ◽

Water Transmission

In general, the problem of a water resources infrastructure, especially the raw water transmission system, is that the actual discharge is not in accordance with design discharge because of water losses along the transmission system.To restore the capacity to the design discharge, a comprehensive strategy is required. Various strategy methods have been developed especially the strategy of managing a system. This paper discusses how to analyze the comprehensive strategy with system component approach for water transmission system. The research used Klambu-Kudu Water Transmission System in Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia as a case study. Strategy analysis of Klambu-Kudu Water Transmission System utilized the modified Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, and Threats (SWOT) with Likert scale and Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM) method. SWOT analysis is was carried out to obtain a comprehensive strategy on each component of the water transmission system (intake, mud pouch, siphon, gutter, bridge, culvert, regulator doors, suppletion, drain pipe, and / or excavation), while the QSPM method is required to analyze the strategic priorities of component of Klambu Kudu Water Transmission System. Key factors of water transmission system performance were obtained from the discussion of experts, the management of Klambu Kudu Water Transmission System and the community. The results are a priority of strategies which are dominated by the opportunity factors to solve the problem of weakness (operation and maintenance, sedimentation, damage) and threats (water theft, destruction of buildings, flood) as well as maximizing the strengths (condition of the component, function, accessibility).

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Slip at Vehicle Transmission System with Hydrokinetic Converter in the Urban Test Cycle

Journal of KONES ◽

10.2478/kones-2019-0085 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 21-28

Author(s):

Andrzej Bieniek ◽

Jarosław Mamala ◽

Krzysztof Prażnowski ◽

Mariusz Graba

Keyword(s):

Automatic Transmission ◽

System Optimization ◽

Torque Converter ◽

Transmission System ◽

Transmission Systems ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Driving Cycles ◽

Harmful Emissions ◽

The One ◽

Slip Phenomenon

AbstractThe study concentrated on slip phenomenon occurring at hydrokinetic converter in passenger car transmission system. Optimization of modern automatic transmission systems aims, on the one hand, to further increase the comfort of use, and on the other hand to improve the efficiency and reliability operation of individual components, in such a way as to ultimately result in lowering fuel consumption and also harmful emissions. One of the important factors affecting the mentioned transmissions properties as a whole system is the slip phenomenon occurring between the pump and the hydrokinetic converter turbine. The study presents the results of research on ZF 4HP20 and Fuji Hyper M6 gearboxes operating in vehicle transmission systems. The tests were carried out using the MAHA MSR 500 chassis dynamometer during driving at chosen test cycles. The research covered the transmission systems operating according to selected control algorithms affecting not only the gear shifting strategy but also the operation of the lock up clutch causing the transmissions slip values. As shown by the conducted research, the algorithm controlling the operation of the torque converter can have a significant influence on their operating indexes. The conducted analyses indicate the possibilities of improving the transmission operating indexes, especially in urban driving cycles.

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