Variations in Building-Resolving Simulations of Tsunami Inundation in a Coastal Urban Area

Author(s):  
Nobuki Fukui ◽  
Yu Chida ◽  
Zhongduo Zhang ◽  
Tomohiro Yasuda ◽  
Tung-Cheng Ho ◽  
...  
Author(s):  
Nobuki Fukui ◽  
Nobuhito Mori ◽  
Che-Wei Chang ◽  
Yu Chida ◽  
Tomohiro Yasuda ◽  
...  

This coastal hazards emphasize the need for engineers to understand the fundamental processes causing damage and the potential of maximum damage in order to design coastal communities with increased resilience to tsunami events. Common methods used to evaluate local conditions caused by tsunamis include post-disaster reconnaissance field surveys, numerical modelling, and laboratory experiments. Behavior of land side tsunami, inundation, is not well known as well as the fluid forcing, fragility characteristics and accuracy of tsunami hazard mapping. This study targets to understand local tsunami behavior in a city scale including complex buildings and improve modelling of tsunami inundation in an urban area. Laboratory experiments are an essential starting point in the investigation of urban roughness effects on wave propagation and maximum pressures in coastal communities. Physical modelling usually uses solitary wave, bore wave, and wave imitating Nankai Trough Earthquake as a tsunami wave.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/-4niVrzXviE


Author(s):  
Yu Chida ◽  
Nobuhito Mori ◽  
Nobuki Fukui ◽  
Tomohiro Yasuda ◽  
Takashi Yamamoto ◽  
...  

Off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake and Tsunami, many ships, containers, cars, and wooden debris of collapsed houses were drifted by a huge tsunami. Their drift objects prevented the rapid elimination of obstacles and debris on land and sea. In addition, in areas where tsunami-fire occurred, accumulated wooden debris caused the large-scale fire spread. Generally, when assuming tsunami damages in urban areas, the inundation depth and arrival time of tsunami are mostly used. In order to enhance the tsunami damage assumptions in urban areas, to understand the characteristic of tsunami flow and the behavior of drift objects in urban areas is also important. However, it is very difficult to measure the state of actual tsunami flow and the behavior of drift objects by tsunami flow. This study aims to understand the characteristics of drift objects behavior in an urban area through a series of experiments in a laboratory flume. This study also validates numerical simulation model by comparing with the experimental results.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/09KWpiVSbmU


2013 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. I_509-I_514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinji KIOKA ◽  
Masaya MORI ◽  
Tsutomu ENDO ◽  
Takahiro TAKEUCHI ◽  
Yasunori YATANABE

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.B. Kalmanova

В статье представлены результаты исследования экологогеохимического состояния снежного покрова как индикатора качества атмосферного воздуха г. Биробиджана. Выявлены основные природные и антропогенные факторы, предопределяющие экологическое состояние городской территории в зимний период (климатические, планировочная структура, стационарные и мобильные источники загрязнения). Определено, что выбросы основных загрязнителей во время отопительного сезона превышает летний в 6,5 раз. Проведены геохимические исследования снежного покрова на 60 экспериментальных площадках, заложенных в различных функциональных зонах города. Выявлено значительное превышение тяжелых металлов над фоновым уровнем: железа до 60, марганца до 50, меди до 40, цинка до 20, никеля до 12, свинца до 10, кобальта до 6 раз. С 2003 по 2018 годы содержание химических элементов в снеге увеличилось в 2 раза за счет мобильных источников загрязнения, ТЭЦ, котельных. Проведена сравнительная характеристика накопления тяжелых металлов в снеге за 2003 и 2018 годы и установлен ранжированный ряд загрязняющих токсичных веществ. Разработана шкала оценки загрязнения депонирующих сред по суммарному показателю концентрации тяжелых металлов, согласно которой в Биробиджане выявлено 5 уровней загрязнения снежного покрова. В целом экологическое состояние урбанизированной территории признано неудовлетворительным (8 площади территории относится к очень высокому, 14 к высокому, 21 к выше среднему, 27 к среднему уровням загрязнения, 30 к относительно чистым районам города). По полученным результатам разработана карта в программе ArcView GIS Экологогеохимическое районирование территории г. Биробиджана по уровню загрязнения снежного покрова с выделением наиболее загрязненных участков (70 от общей площади города является загрязненной). По результатам проведенных исследований предложены конструктивные методы планирования урбанизированной территории с целью улучшения ее экологического состояния: проведение геомониторинга (контроль загрязнения снежного покрова и своевременный его вывоз на специально оборудованные полигоны). Snow cover is taken as an indicator of air quality using Birobidzhan, a middlesize city in the Russian Far East, as a case study. The main natural and manmade determinants influencing the ecological state of the urban area in winter are identified: climate, a planning structure, and the stationary and mobile sources of pollution. During the heating season the emission of major pollutants exceeds the summer level by 6.5 times. The geochemical study of snow cover was performed at 60 experimental sites in different functional urban areas. A significant excess of heavy metals over the regional background level was revealed: iron up to 60 times, manganese up to 50, copper up to 40, zinc up to 20 , nickel up to 12, lead up to 10, cobalt up to 6 times. From 2003 to 2018 the content of chemical elements in snow increased in 2 times due to the mobile sources of pollution, thermal power plants, and boilers. The comparative characteristic of accumulation of heavy metals in snow for 2003 and 2018 is carried out, and the ranked number of polluting toxic substances is established. The scale of pollution assessment in depositing environments was developed using the cumulative indicator of heavy metal concentration. Five levels of snow cover pollution are found in Birobidzhan: low, moderate, above moderate, high and very high. As a whole, the ecological state of the urban area is considered as unsatisfactory (8 of the area with a very high level of pollution, 14 with high, 21 above moderate, 27 a moderate level of pollution, 30 a relatively clean area). According to the results, a map was developed in the ArcView GIS program Ecological and geochemical zoning of Birobidzhan, using the level of the snow cover pollution with the allocation of the most polluted areas (70 of the total area of the city is polluted). According to the results, a constructive method of planning in an urban area is proposed in order to improve its environmental condition: geomonitoring as a control of pollution in snow cover and its prompt removal to specially equipped landfills.


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