ЭКОЛОГО-ГЕОХИМИЧЕСКОЕ РАЙОНИРОВАНИЕ ТЕРРИТОРИИГ. БИРОБИДЖАНА ПО УРОВНЮ ЗАГРЯЗНЕНИЯ СНЕЖНОГО ПОКРОВА

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.B. Kalmanova
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Snow Cover ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Constructive Method ◽  
Comparative Characteristic ◽  
Ecological State ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Mobile Sources ◽  
Arcview Gis ◽  
Very High

В статье представлены результаты исследования экологогеохимического состояния снежного покрова как индикатора качества атмосферного воздуха г. Биробиджана. Выявлены основные природные и антропогенные факторы, предопределяющие экологическое состояние городской территории в зимний период (климатические, планировочная структура, стационарные и мобильные источники загрязнения). Определено, что выбросы основных загрязнителей во время отопительного сезона превышает летний в 6,5 раз. Проведены геохимические исследования снежного покрова на 60 экспериментальных площадках, заложенных в различных функциональных зонах города. Выявлено значительное превышение тяжелых металлов над фоновым уровнем: железа до 60, марганца до 50, меди до 40, цинка до 20, никеля до 12, свинца до 10, кобальта до 6 раз. С 2003 по 2018 годы содержание химических элементов в снеге увеличилось в 2 раза за счет мобильных источников загрязнения, ТЭЦ, котельных. Проведена сравнительная характеристика накопления тяжелых металлов в снеге за 2003 и 2018 годы и установлен ранжированный ряд загрязняющих токсичных веществ. Разработана шкала оценки загрязнения депонирующих сред по суммарному показателю концентрации тяжелых металлов, согласно которой в Биробиджане выявлено 5 уровней загрязнения снежного покрова. В целом экологическое состояние урбанизированной территории признано неудовлетворительным (8 площади территории относится к очень высокому, 14 к высокому, 21 к выше среднему, 27 к среднему уровням загрязнения, 30 к относительно чистым районам города). По полученным результатам разработана карта в программе ArcView GIS Экологогеохимическое районирование территории г. Биробиджана по уровню загрязнения снежного покрова с выделением наиболее загрязненных участков (70 от общей площади города является загрязненной). По результатам проведенных исследований предложены конструктивные методы планирования урбанизированной территории с целью улучшения ее экологического состояния: проведение геомониторинга (контроль загрязнения снежного покрова и своевременный его вывоз на специально оборудованные полигоны). Snow cover is taken as an indicator of air quality using Birobidzhan, a middlesize city in the Russian Far East, as a case study. The main natural and manmade determinants influencing the ecological state of the urban area in winter are identified: climate, a planning structure, and the stationary and mobile sources of pollution. During the heating season the emission of major pollutants exceeds the summer level by 6.5 times. The geochemical study of snow cover was performed at 60 experimental sites in different functional urban areas. A significant excess of heavy metals over the regional background level was revealed: iron up to 60 times, manganese up to 50, copper up to 40, zinc up to 20 , nickel up to 12, lead up to 10, cobalt up to 6 times. From 2003 to 2018 the content of chemical elements in snow increased in 2 times due to the mobile sources of pollution, thermal power plants, and boilers. The comparative characteristic of accumulation of heavy metals in snow for 2003 and 2018 is carried out, and the ranked number of polluting toxic substances is established. The scale of pollution assessment in depositing environments was developed using the cumulative indicator of heavy metal concentration. Five levels of snow cover pollution are found in Birobidzhan: low, moderate, above moderate, high and very high. As a whole, the ecological state of the urban area is considered as unsatisfactory (8 of the area with a very high level of pollution, 14 with high, 21 above moderate, 27 a moderate level of pollution, 30 a relatively clean area). According to the results, a map was developed in the ArcView GIS program Ecological and geochemical zoning of Birobidzhan, using the level of the snow cover pollution with the allocation of the most polluted areas (70 of the total area of the city is polluted). According to the results, a constructive method of planning in an urban area is proposed in order to improve its environmental condition: geomonitoring as a control of pollution in snow cover and its prompt removal to specially equipped landfills.

ЭКОЛОГО-ГЕОХИМИЧЕСКОЕ РАЙОНИРОВАНИЕ ТЕРРИТОРИИГ. БИРОБИДЖАНА ПО УРОВНЮ ЗАГРЯЗНЕНИЯ СНЕЖНОГО ПОКРОВА

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.B. Kalmanova
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Snow Cover ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Constructive Method ◽  
Comparative Characteristic ◽  
Ecological State ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Mobile Sources ◽  
Arcview Gis ◽  
Very High

В статье представлены результаты исследования экологогеохимического состояния снежного покрова как индикатора качества атмосферного воздуха г. Биробиджана. Выявлены основные природные и антропогенные факторы, предопределяющие экологическое состояние городской территории в зимний период (климатические, планировочная структура, стационарные и мобильные источники загрязнения). Определено, что выбросы основных загрязнителей во время отопительного сезона превышает летний в 6,5 раз. Проведены геохимические исследования снежного покрова на 60 экспериментальных площадках, заложенных в различных функциональных зонах города. Выявлено значительное превышение тяжелых металлов над фоновым уровнем: железа до 60, марганца до 50, меди до 40, цинка до 20, никеля до 12, свинца до 10, кобальта до 6 раз. С 2003 по 2018 годы содержание химических элементов в снеге увеличилось в 2 раза за счет мобильных источников загрязнения, ТЭЦ, котельных. Проведена сравнительная характеристика накопления тяжелых металлов в снеге за 2003 и 2018 годы и установлен ранжированный ряд загрязняющих токсичных веществ. Разработана шкала оценки загрязнения депонирующих сред по суммарному показателю концентрации тяжелых металлов, согласно которой в Биробиджане выявлено 5 уровней загрязнения снежного покрова. В целом экологическое состояние урбанизированной территории признано неудовлетворительным (8 площади территории относится к очень высокому, 14 к высокому, 21 к выше среднему, 27 к среднему уровням загрязнения, 30 к относительно чистым районам города). По полученным результатам разработана карта в программе ArcView GIS Экологогеохимическое районирование территории г. Биробиджана по уровню загрязнения снежного покрова с выделением наиболее загрязненных участков (70 от общей площади города является загрязненной). По результатам проведенных исследований предложены конструктивные методы планирования урбанизированной территории с целью улучшения ее экологического состояния: проведение геомониторинга (контроль загрязнения снежного покрова и своевременный его вывоз на специально оборудованные полигоны). Snow cover is taken as an indicator of air quality using Birobidzhan, a middlesize city in the Russian Far East, as a case study. The main natural and manmade determinants influencing the ecological state of the urban area in winter are identified: climate, a planning structure, and the stationary and mobile sources of pollution. During the heating season the emission of major pollutants exceeds the summer level by 6.5 times. The geochemical study of snow cover was performed at 60 experimental sites in different functional urban areas. A significant excess of heavy metals over the regional background level was revealed: iron up to 60 times, manganese up to 50, copper up to 40, zinc up to 20 , nickel up to 12, lead up to 10, cobalt up to 6 times. From 2003 to 2018 the content of chemical elements in snow increased in 2 times due to the mobile sources of pollution, thermal power plants, and boilers. The comparative characteristic of accumulation of heavy metals in snow for 2003 and 2018 is carried out, and the ranked number of polluting toxic substances is established. The scale of pollution assessment in depositing environments was developed using the cumulative indicator of heavy metal concentration. Five levels of snow cover pollution are found in Birobidzhan: low, moderate, above moderate, high and very high. As a whole, the ecological state of the urban area is considered as unsatisfactory (8 of the area with a very high level of pollution, 14 with high, 21 above moderate, 27 a moderate level of pollution, 30 a relatively clean area). According to the results, a map was developed in the ArcView GIS program Ecological and geochemical zoning of Birobidzhan, using the level of the snow cover pollution with the allocation of the most polluted areas (70 of the total area of the city is polluted). According to the results, a constructive method of planning in an urban area is proposed in order to improve its environmental condition: geomonitoring as a control of pollution in snow cover and its prompt removal to specially equipped landfills.

Assess of contamination of the snow cover for detecting the zones of inhalation chemical risk

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 363-367
Author(s):  
Olga M. Zhurba ◽  
N. V. Efimova ◽  
S. S. Khankhareev ◽  
A. N. Alekseyenko ◽  
A. V. Merinov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Snow Cover ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Vehicle Exhaust ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Snow Samples

Introduction. On the territory with a resistant snow cover, atmospheric pollution accumulates over several months; solid precipitation in the form of snow is an indicator object for assessing the state of the urban environment. Materials and methods. The sampling of snow was carried out on trial plots close to the monitoring points of atmospheric air and reflecting the influence of various stationary and mobile sources of pollution. The methods of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and the atomic absorption spectrometry were used. Results. The results were obtained on the content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals in snow cover to identify risk zones in the city of Ulan-Ude of the Republic of Buryatiya. The widest range of metals is recorded at points located near a major traffic interchange and in a residential area near the low-rise buildings of the private sector. The determined PAHs in large quantities were established to be contained in the solid sediment of snow samples. Discussion. Snow cover is a depositing and transit component of the environment. Its study gives important information about the chemical state of industrial ecosystems. About 30 thousand tons of chemical impurities enter the air basin of Ulan-Ude from stationary sources per year. Emissions of the total amount of hydrocarbons averaged of 1,741.96 tons over the study period, soot - 822.41 tons, which is by tens and hundreds times higher than that of other toxic substances, therefore, the PAH content in snow samples is higher than that of heavy metals. Conclusion. The accumulation of chemicals of 13 priority PAHs, of which 60-80% of the total amount falls on 3-,4- nuclear counterparts (phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo(a)anthracene, chrysene) occurs in accumulating media. PAHs are associated with water-insoluble (solid phase) PAHs, which indicates to the unity of the main source of pollution (vehicle exhaust gases).

Contamination of sediments in Varna Lake and Varna Bay

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 317-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.P. Shtereva ◽  
B.S. Dzhurova ◽  
T.S. Nikolova
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Ecological State ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Anthropogenic Inputs ◽  
Many Sources

Varna Bay is one of the hot spots along the Black Sea coastal zone. Its ecological state is strongly influenced by the connection with the Varna Lake. Along the lake coast are located many sources of pollution such as rivers, ports, chemical industry, WWTPs. The shipping is another pressure on the environment. The study was carried out in the western part of the Varna Lake and Varna Bay. The following parameters: heavy metals, polichlorinated biphenyls, chlororganic pesticides, phenols, petroleum hydrocarbons were analysed in sediments. The high content of the last one is indicative for an extremely unfavourable long-year exploitation of the lake as a water route. The metals concentration in lakes sediments shows the influence of anthropogenic inputs. Comparative analysis of the sediments shows higher concentrations of contaminants in Varna Lake. and near the ports. As a consequence of the worsened state of the bottom a very poor benthic community characterizes a part of the investigated area in the lake.

scholarly journals Assess of contamination of the snow cover for detecting the zones of inhalation chemical risk

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 363-367
Author(s):  
Ольга Михайловна Журба ◽  
Н. В. Ефимова ◽  
С. С. Ханхареев ◽  
А. Н. Алексеенко ◽  
А. В. Меринов ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Snow Cover ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Vehicle Exhaust ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Snow Samples

Introduction. On the territory with a resistant snow cover, atmospheric pollution accumulates over several months; solid precipitation in the form of snow is an indicator object for assessing the state of the urban environment. Materials and methods. The sampling of snow was carried out on trial plots close to the monitoring points of atmospheric air and reflecting the influence of various stationary and mobile sources of pollution. The methods of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and the atomic absorption spectrometry were used. Results. The results were obtained on the content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals in snow cover to identify risk zones in the city of Ulan-Ude of the Republic of Buryatiya. The widest range of metals is recorded at points located near a major traffic interchange and in a residential area near the low-rise buildings of the private sector. The determined PAHs in large quantities were established to be contained in the solid sediment of snow samples. Discussion. Snow cover is a depositing and transit component of the environment. Its study gives important information about the chemical state of industrial ecosystems. About 30 thousand tons of chemical impurities enter the air basin of Ulan-Ude from stationary sources per year. Emissions of the total amount of hydrocarbons averaged of 1,741.96 tons over the study period, soot - 822.41 tons, which is by tens and hundreds times higher than that of other toxic substances, therefore, the PAH content in snow samples is higher than that of heavy metals. Conclusion. The accumulation of chemicals of 13 priority PAHs, of which 60-80% of the total amount falls on 3-,4- nuclear counterparts (phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo(a)anthracene, chrysene) occurs in accumulating media. PAHs are associated with water-insoluble (solid phase) PAHs, which indicates to the unity of the main source of pollution (vehicle exhaust gases).

Methodology of Research in Micropollutants – Heavy Metals

1982 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 107-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Wollast
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Aqueous Phase ◽  
Suspended Matter ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Particulate Phase ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

A comparison of the concentration of dissolved and of particulate heavy metals in the aquatic system indicates that these elements are strongly enriched in the suspended matter. The transfer between the aqueous phase and the solid phase may be due to dissolution-precipitation reactions, adsorption-desorption processes or biological processes. When these processes are identified, it is further possible to develop mathematical models which describe the behaviour of these elements. The enrichment of heavy metals in the particulate phase suspended or deposited and in aquatic organisms constitutes a powerful tool in order to evaluate sources of pollution.

scholarly journals Levels, Inventory, and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Wetland Ecosystem, Northeast China: Implications for Snow Cover Monitoring

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 2161
Author(s):  
Fuxiang Zhang ◽  
Bo Meng ◽  
Shang Gao ◽  
Rupert Hough ◽  
Peng Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Snow Cover ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Sanjiang Plain ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Monitoring Method ◽  
The Sanjiang Plain ◽  
Water Pollution Index

Snow cover is a unique environmental medium in cold regions that can cause potential risks to the ecological environment, due to the release of pollutants that are stored in it. In this study, the Qixing River wetland, located in the Sanjiang Plain of China, was taken as the target research area. Heavy metals in snow cover, including Cu, Ni, Cr, Cd, Pb, and Zn were measured at 19 sampling sites. The results showed that the average concentrations of heavy metals were: Zn (103.46 ± 39.16) > Pb (13.08 ± 4.99) > Cr (11.97 ± 2.82) > Ni (9.55 ± 4.96) > Cu (6.19 ± 1.79) > Cd (0.55 ± 0.25) μg·L−1. Cr and Zn were between Class I and Class II in the “Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water” of China (GB3838-2002). Pb in snow exceeded the upper limit of Class II, and was significantly higher than concentrations measured in water samples from the Qixing River wetland (p < 0.05), indicating that atmospheric deposition during winter was the major source of Pb. The water pollution index (WPI) indicated that 61.0% of samples could be considered of “clean” status, while the contribution of Zn, Pb, and Cr to WPI were 33.3%, 21.0%, and 19.3%, respectively. A preliminary evaluation of heavy metal inventory in snow cover showed that the residue level of Zn was the highest (2313.57 ± 1194.67 μg·m−2), while Cd was the lowest (13.91 ± 10.45 μg·m−2). The areas with high residues of heavy metals were all located near the buffer zone of the wetland (except for Zn), where snow depth tended to be greatest. Exposure analysis indicated that the risks to winter resident birds from snow ingestion was minimal, but it should be noted that the exposure risk was higher in birds with lower bodyweights. This study provides important information and scientific knowledge on the pollution characteristics and residue inventory of heavy metals in wetland ecosystems, while the results can also provide a monitoring method, reflecting atmospheric environmental quality at a local or regional scale.

scholarly journals Assessment of heavy metals contamination and associated risks in shallow groundwater sources from three different residential areas within Ibadan metropolis, southwest Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saheed Adekunle Ganiyu ◽  
Abimbola Temitope Oyadeyi ◽  
Azeem Adedeji Adeyemi
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
World Health ◽  
Southwest Nigeria ◽  
The Mean

AbstractThis study has been conducted to appraise the concentrations of selected heavy metals and total dissolved solids (TDSs) in the drinking water from shallow wells in parts of Ibadan metropolis, southwest Nigeria. Fifteen (15) water samples were collected from three representative residential locations [traditional core area (TCA), peri-urban area (PUA), and urban area (UA)] for geochemical analysis. Heavy metals and TDS were analyzed with the aid of atomic absorption spectrophotometer and calibrated meter, respectively. The mean concentration (mg/L) of Zn, Pb Mn, Fe, and Cd has been 3.930, 0.658, 0.0304, 1.698, and 0.501, respectively, and as a consequence, the order of abundance of studied metals was Zn > Fe > Pb > Cd > Mn. Concentrations of Zn, Fe, Pb, and Cd were higher than recommended standards in 60%, 86.7%, 100%, and 100% of groundwater samples, respectively. However, at all points tested, the mean concentrations of Mn and TDS in water samples lie within the safe limits set by World Health Organization. The evaluation of geoaccumulation index (Igeo), enrichment factor (EF), and contamination factor suggests that representative water samples were low-to-moderate contamination. The potential ecological risk index advocates low-to-moderate ecological risk in TCA and PUA, while it demonstrated exclusive “moderate” risk in UA. Further, the range of pollution load index (PLI) (0.55–1.32) in both TCA and PUA shows nil-to-moderate pollution status, while PLI values > 1 in UA indicate moderate contaminated state. The degree of contamination in groundwater showed the following trends: UA > TCA > PUA in the study area. Moreover, the results of EF and quantification of contamination of analyzed metals in water samples indicate geogenic and anthropogenic inputs. The contribution of studied metals to the incidence of non-cancer risk via oral intake within the residential sites follows the order: cadmium > lead > zinc > iron > manganese. The hazard index as a result of ingested heavy metals for the three population classes surpasses the acceptable range in the order of infant < child < adult. Cadmium and lead made considerable impact to the estimation of cancer risk in the study area for the three human population categories. Factor analysis extracted only one component that explained 94.64% of the entire variance, while cluster analysis identified three distinct groups based on similar water quality characteristics. Based on the findings of the study, awareness programs toward protecting the shallow groundwater sources should be launched, encouraged, and sustained. Moreover, the study suggests better hygienic practices and pre-treatment of contaminated water before consumption.

The Monitoring and Ecological Evaluation of Beng River Sediment for Heavy Metals (Hg,Pb,Cr)

2014 ◽  
Vol 675-677 ◽  
pp. 345-349
Author(s):  
Ji Cai Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
Index Method ◽  
Ecological Risk Index ◽  
Ecological Evaluation ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Bottom Mud ◽  
River Reach ◽  
Very High

In order to analysis the Heavy metals in the bottom mud at beng river, we put the river reach between the bridge of beng river beside the er’huang road and the bridge beside the yin’meng road as the main research object, survey 14 transects of bottom mud from three indications (Hg,Pb,Cr) of the river and build a relate standards about the pollution of bottom mud depend on the domestic standards, in this paper, we use the potential ecological risk index method which was putted forward by Swedish scientists Hakanson as the criterion of the pollution about heavy metals in the mud. The results show that: at the rive reach mentioned above, we found there are very high heavy metals content in the bottom mud.

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