Effects of collision on the time-independent states of a non-neutral plasma diode

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 083512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sourav Pramanik ◽  
Victor I. Kuznetsov ◽  
Nikhil Chakrabarti
2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 062118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sourav Pramanik ◽  
V. I. Kuznetsov ◽  
A. B. Gerasimenko ◽  
Nikhil Chakrabarti

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-62
Author(s):  
Dmitry Levko

Self-oscillations of non-neutral plasma diode operating in the anode-glow mode are analysed using the self-consistent one-dimensional Particle-in-Cell Monte Carlo collisions model. In order to obtain these states, the current exceeding the space-charge limited current has to be emitted from the cathode, the electron mean free path must be much longer than the cathode-anode gap, and the cathode voltage must be slightly larger than the ionization potential of the background gas. It is obtained that in such a case, immobile ions form the electrostatic trap for the electrons generated in the cathode-anode gap. These electrons oscillate between the cathode and the anode causing the self-oscillations of the plasma potential. It is shown that the increase of the emission current leads to the increase of the frequency of the obtained self-oscillations. Starting at some value of the emission current, a lot of the emitted electrons are got trapped in the electrostatic well, which leads to the transition to chaos.


2003 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 238-251
Author(s):  
Victor F. Petrenko ◽  
Olga V. Mitina ◽  
Kirill A. Bertnikov

The aim of this research was the reconstruction of the system of categories through which Russians perceive the countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), Europe, and the world as a whole; to study the implicit model of the geopolitical space; to analyze the stereotypes in the perception of different countries and the superposition of mental geopolitical representations onto the geographic map. The techniques of psychosemantics by Petrenko, originating in the semantic differential of Osgood and Kelly's “repertory grids,” were used as working tools. Multidimensional semantic spaces act as operational models of the structures of consciousness, and the positions of countries in multidimensional space reflect the geopolitical stereotypes of respondents about these countries. Because of the transformation of geopolitical reality representations in mass consciousness, the commonly used classification of countries as socialist, capitalist, and developing is being replaced by other structures. Four invariant factors of the countries' descriptions were identified. They are connected with Economic and Political Well-being, Military Might, Friendliness toward Russia, and Spirituality and the Level of Culture. It seems that the structure has not been explained in adequate detail and is not clearly realized by the individuals. There is an interrelationship between the democratic political structure of a country and its prosperity in the political mentality of Russian respondents. Russian public consciousness painfully strives for a new geopolitical identity and place in the commonwealth of states. It also signifies the country's interest and orientation toward the East in the search for geopolitical partners. The construct system of geopolitical perception also depends on the region of perception.


2011 ◽  
pp. 90-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Shumsky

The article assesses the effectiveness and outcomes of cooperation of the Commonwealth participating states over the past 20 years. It reviews perspectives and directions for further development of the CIS taking into account the conditions and characteristics of integration processes of the post-Soviet states, implementation of the principles of multilevel and multispeed integration of the Commonwealth participating states.


2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 43-49
Author(s):  
MARINA MARKHGEYM ◽  
◽  
ANNA BEZUGLAYA

The article presents the author’s analysis of constitutional texts, regulations and analytical materials of the countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States in order to consolidate in them the consolidated powers of the chambers of parliaments associated with the implementation of food security. Analysis of legal acts of the studied group of states showed that the sphere of food security (as part of the agrarian and food sphere/function) is one of the eventual spheres of interaction between the chambers of parliament. In the course of the study, two approaches of states to the formalization of provisions related to food security in constitutional texts were identified. The first approach is to consolidate norms that indirectly affect the field of food security (Belarus, Kazakhstan, Russia); the second - in the absence of such provisions (Tajikistan and Uzbekistan). It has been established that the interaction of the chambers of parliaments in the field of food security is implemented through the adoption of laws, as well as through various parliamentary events (parliamentary hearings, round tables, seminars, meetings, etc.). It is concluded that the available options for interaction between the chambers of parliaments of states in the field of food security reflect their independent approaches, which are developed on the basis of legal doctrine and practice.


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