Rootstock-Mediated Genetic Variance in Cadmium Uptake by Juvenile Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) Genotypes, and Its Effect on Growth and Physiology

Grafting typically offers a shortcut to breed tree orchards throughout a multidimensional space of traits. Despite an overwhelming spectrum of rootstock-mediated effects on scion traits observed across several species, the exact nature and mechanisms underlying the rootstock-mediated effects on scion traits in cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) plants often remain overlooked. Therefore, we aimed to explicitly quantify rootstock-mediated genetic contributions in recombinant juvenile cacao plants across target traits, specifically cadmium (Cd) uptake, and its correlation with growth and physiological traits. Content of chloroplast pigments, fluorescence of chlorophyll a, leaf gas exchange, nutrient uptake, and plant biomass were examined across ungrafted saplings and target rootstock × scion combinations in soils with contrasting levels of Cd. This panel considered a total of 320 progenies from open-pollinated half-sib families and reciprocal full-sib progenies (derived from controlled crosses between the reference genotypes IMC67 and PA121). Both family types were used as rootstocks in grafts with two commercial clones (ICS95 and CCN51) commonly grown in Colombia. A pedigree-based best linear unbiased prediction (A-BLUP) mixed model was implemented to quantify rootstock-mediated narrow-sense heritability (h2) for target traits. A Cd effect measured on rootstocks before grafting was observed in plant biomass, nutrient uptake, and content of chloroplast pigments. After grafting, damage to the Photosystem II (PSII) was also evident in some rootstock × scion combinations. Differences in the specific combining ability for Cd uptake were mostly detected in ungrafted rootstocks, or 2 months after grafting with the clonal CCN51 scion. Moderate rootstock effects (h2> 0.1) were detected before grafting for five growth traits, four nutrient uptake properties, and chlorophylls and carotenoids content (h2 = 0.19, 95% CI 0.05–0.61, r = 0.7). Such rootstock effects faded (h2< 0.1) when rootstock genotypes were examined in soils without Cd, or 4 months after grafting. These results suggest a pervasive genetic conflict between the rootstock and the scion genotypes, involving the triple rootstock × scion × soil interaction when it refers to Cd and nutrient uptake, early growth, and photosynthetic process in juvenile cacao plants. Overall, deepening on these findings will harness early breeding schemes of cacao rootstock genotypes compatible with commercial clonal scions and adapted to soils enriched with toxic levels of Cd.

Applying Infinite Petri Nets to the Cybersecurity of Intelligent Networks, Grids and Clouds

Correctness of networking protocols represents the principal requirement of cybersecurity. Correctness of protocols is established via the procedures of their verification. A classical communication system includes a pair of interacting systems. Recent developments of computing and communication grids for radio broadcasting, cellular networks, communication subsystems of supercomputers, specialized grids for numerical methods and networks on chips require verification of protocols for any number of devices. For analysis of computing and communication grid structures, a new class of infinite Petri nets has been introduced and studied for more than 10 years. Infinite Petri nets were also applied for simulating cellular automata. Rectangular, triangular and hexagonal grids on plane, hyper cube and hyper torus in multidimensional space have been considered. Composing and solving in parametric form infinite Diophantine systems of linear equations allowed us to prove the protocol properties for any grid size and any number of dimensions. Software generators of infinite Petri net models have been developed. Special classes of graphs, such as a graph of packet transmission directions and a graph of blockings, have been introduced and studied. Complex deadlocks have been revealed and classified. In the present paper, infinite Petri nets are divided into two following kinds: a single infinite construct and an infinite set of constructs of specified size (and number of dimensions). Finally, the paper discusses possible future work directions.

Localization by Salp Swarm Optimization with Doppler Effect in Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have lately been widely used due to its abundant practice in methods that have to be spread over a large range. In any wireless application, the position precision of node is an important core component. Node localization intends to calculate the geographical coordinates of unknown nodes by the assistance of known nodes. In a multidimensional space, node localization is well-thought-out as an optimization problem that can be solved by relying on any metaheuristic’s algorithms for optimal outputs. This paper presents a new localization model using Salp Swarm optimization Algorithm with Doppler Effect (LOSSADE) that exploit the strengths of both methods. The Doppler effect iteratively considers distance between the nodes to determine the position of the nodes. The location of the salp leader and the prey will get updated using the Doppler shift. The performance validation of the presented approach simulated by MATLAB in the network environment with random node deployment. A detailed experimental analysis takes place and the results are investigated under a varying number of anchor nodes, and transmission range in the given search area. The obtained simulation results are compared over the traditional algorithm along with other the state-of-the-art methods shows that the proposed LOSSADE model depicts better localization performance in terms of robustness, accuracy in locating target node position and computation time.

Constrained Assortment Optimization Under the Paired Combinatorial Logit Model

Assortment optimization involves selecting a subset of products to offer to customers in order to maximize revenue. Often, the selected subset must also satisfy some constraints, such as capacity or space usage. Two key aspects in assortment optimization are (1) modeling customer behavior and (2) computing optimal or near-optimal assortments efficiently. The paired combinatorial logit (PCL) model is a generic customer choice model that allows for arbitrary correlations in the utilities of different products. The PCL model has greater modeling power than other choice models, such as multinomial-logit and nested-logit. In “Constrained Assortment Optimization Under the Paired Combinatorial Logit Model,” Ghuge, Kwon, Nagarajan, and and Sharma provide efficient algorithms that find provably near-optimal solutions for PCL assortment optimization under several types of constraints. These include the basic unconstrained problem (which is already intractable to solve exactly), multidimensional space constraints, and partition constraints. The authors also demonstrate via extensive experiments that their algorithms typically achieve over 95% of the optimal revenues.

METHOD FOR ELIMINATING ANOMALOUS MEASUREMENTS IN ANALYSIS OF THE MULTI-DIMENSIONAL DATABASE IN SOLVING THE DECISION-MAKING PROBLEM

The paper proposes a method for eliminating abnormal measurements (outliers) to improve the quality of multivariate data in statistical studies. Such a problem arises, for example, in the theory of managerial decision-making, since when calculating estimates of the parameters of probability distributions, the presence of anomalous (that is, those that significantly increase the confidence interval) measurements in the sample can distort the results of a statistical study, and, consequently, the main problem. The peculiarity of the proposed method is a combination of statistical and geometric methods, namely: the Gestwirt estimation method, the Tukey procedure, and a modification of the method for constructing the convex hull of a finite set of points in a multidimensional space. A set of multidimensional data is associated with a set of points of a multidimensional space. To find and eliminate outliers, a sequence of nested convex hulls, polytopes, is constructed, each of which is described by the intersection of half-spaces (support facets). A detailed algorithm for finding anomalous measurements is given. Their elimination corresponds to the successive elimination of the boundary points of nested convex hulls. The Gestwirt estimate gives the condition for stopping the operation of the algorithm. The proposed method does not require large computational costs and can be widely used in solving both theoretical and practical problems related to the processing of multidimensional data. The numerical results of the method with the number of data components 4 and 5 are presented.

ANTHROPOLOGY OF SOUND IN THE TRADITIONAL CULTURE OF THE MONGOLIAN PEOPLES

В данной статье рассматривается антропология звука в контексте изучения акустического кода и звуковой картины мира как универсальной информационной модели в традиционной культуре монгольских народов. Такая информационная модель представляет собой дифференцированную систему звуков со своими грамматическими и синтаксическими правилами, способную не только передать всю сложность представлений человека об окружающем мире, но и воздействовать на него, служа залогом сохранения мирового порядка. Понятие «антропология звука» гораздо шире и объемнее, чем семантика, которая является одной из ее ключевых составляющих. Поскольку в современной российской науке в рамках направления Антропология искусства еще только обсуждаются вопросы терминологии, точного определения антропологии звука пока не существует. В статье рассматривается звук человеческого голоса, выполняющий коммуникативную функцию и обладающий огромной силой воздействия на природу и социум. Акустический код, характеризуя культурный и природный ландшафт, включает широкий спектр звуков от природных, натуральных до строго организованных вербальных и музыкальных текстов и отличается полифункциональностью. О магии звука голоса человека свидетельствуют народные поверья и легенды, в которых отражаются мифологические и религиозные представления монгольских народов. Сформированный в течение тысячелетий мир степной культуры номадов включал много-уровневую систему звуковых кодов, реализованных как в музыкальной, так и в немузыкальной формах. Исследуется семантика звука в возгласных распевах и обрядовых протяжных песнях монголов уртын дуу, репрезентирующих особый «генетический код» и являющихся этническим маркером культурной традиции. Обрядовые протяжные песни уртын дуу, в том числе песнопения, исполняющиеся во время грозы, мелодический свист3 или посвист тесно связаны с обрядом призывания небесной благодати и культом предков. Они являются одним из важных компонентов целостной обрядовой системы, организующим звуковое поле традиционной культуры монгольских народов. Кроме того, в статье пунктирно представлен феномен звука в многомерном пространстве шаманского и буддийского космоса. Таким образом, в данной статье отражено обрядовое содержание звукового пространства монгольского мира, чем и обусловлен выбор материала (мифологические представления о голосе, обрядовые протяжные песни, мантры и т. п.). Автор не ставил целью исследовать всю палитру звукового поля традиционной культуры монгольских народов. Это тема будущего специального исследования. This article examines the anthropology of sound in the context of studying the acoustic code and the sound picture of the world as a universal information model in the traditional culture of the Mongolian peoples. Such an information model is a differentiated system of sounds with its own grammatical and syntactic rules, which can not only convey the complexity of a person's ideas about the surrounding world, but also affect it, serving as a guarantee of preserving the world order. The sound of the human voice, which performs a communicative function and has a huge impact on nature and society, is considered in the context of an acoustic or sound code of the steppe culture of the Mongolian peoples. The acoustic code of traditional culture, characterizing the cultural and natural landscape, includes a wide range of sounds from natural to strictly organized verbal and musical texts and is characterized by polyfunctionality. Folk beliefs and legends, which reflect the mythological and religious ideas of the Mongolian peoples, testify to the magic of the sound of the human voice. The article examines the semantics of sound in the exclamatory chants and ritual long songs of the urtynduu Mongols, which represent a special “genetic code” and are an ethnic marker of their cultural tradition. The ritual long songs urtynduu, including chants performed during thunderstorms, melodic whistling or whistling, are closely related to the rite of invoking heavenly grace and the cult of ancestors. They are one of the important components of the integral ritual system, organizing the sound field of the traditional culture of the Mongolian peoples. In addition, the article presents the dotted line phenomenon of sound in the multidimensional space of the shamanic and Buddhist cosmos.

The Method of Constructing a Multidimensional Model for Finding the Values of the Parameters of the Incremental Sheet Forming Process

The object of research is geometric models of the process of incremental forming of parts from sheet material. The subject of research is a graphical model for finding the optimal values of the parameters of the forming process based on multidimensional descriptive geometry. The author of the article discusses the main optimizing factors and process parameters. Particular attention was paid to the problems of constructing geometric models for determining the optimizing factors for incremental forming. The research method is a way of constructing a graphical optimization model of the process using the projection drawing of Radishchev for multidimensional space. Mathematical modeling was also applied to check the correctness of the obtained optimal parameters.

The Engineering Pedagogy Evolution: The Foundation and Three Measurements

The status, subject area and structure of engineering pedagogy are still at the center of the academic and scientific community. It develops as a professional pedagogy section, although it tended to be viewed as an educational module, as a field of teacher practical activity. The role of engineering pedagogy in developing engineering thinking should become increasingly important, taking into account the integration processes – inter-disciplinary, inter-subject, trans-professional, and the transformations in the industrial sphere in general and in engineering in particular. The transfer of its accumulated experience and ideas to new application areas can enrich other branches of knowledge with ideas, principles and cognitive approaches. Both methods of acquiring scientific knowledge and heuristic and practical technologies are equally essential for the system of continuous fundamental engineering and technical education development. Engineering pedagogy’s goals revision and clarification lead to a multidimensional space for engineering thinking development, including training of engineering educators for a lifelong learning system. Based on the general foundations and laws of pedagogy, three measurements of engineering pedagogy enable to reveal its interdisciplinary strategy in different subject areas. Engineering pedagogy can participate in various formats– as teacher training technology both for school and university teachers.

Approximation of Analytic Functions by Shifts of Certain Compositions

In the paper, we obtain universality theorems for compositions of some classes of operators in multidimensional space of analytic functions with a collection of periodic zeta-functions. The used shifts of periodic zeta-functions involve the sequence of imaginary parts of non-trivial zeros of the Riemann zeta-function.