States of Urban Spatial Structure

1979 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
G I Thrall
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Equilibrium Model ◽  
Urban Fringe ◽  
Urban Spatial Structure ◽  
Spatial Equilibrium ◽  
Numerical Illustration ◽  
Spatial Equilibrium Model ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Public Economy ◽  
The City

A spatial-equilibrium model of a local public economy is developed in four settings. Each setting is distinguished by two factors: whether the city is ‘open’ or ‘closed’, and the method used to determine the urban fringe. The four settings are contrasted by use of a numerical illustration.

A Spatial Equilibrium Model for Region Size, Urbanization Ratio, and Rural Structure

1997 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 929-941 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Wang ◽  
J-M Guldmann
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Equilibrium Model ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
City Size ◽  
Spatial Equilibrium ◽  
Land Rent ◽  
Spatial Equilibrium Model ◽  
Agglomeration Effects ◽  
Spatial Size ◽  
The City

Earlier economic models of city size have either focused on urban agglomeration effects while ignoring the spatial structure of the rural hinterland, or made unrealistic assumptions (for example, uniform rural population distribution) so as to simplify the problem. Following the classic von Thünen framework, we present a two-sector spatial equilibrium model of a city located at the center of an agricultural hinterland. The city produces industrial goods, and the rural area produces agricultural goods. Both goods are consumed both by urban and by rural residents. Market equilibrium for these goods determines: (1) the spatial size of the region, (2) the urbanization ratio (urban to total population) and the population size of the city, and (3) the rural spatial structure (wage, population distribution, land rent, and agricultural yield). Given various sets of exogenous parameters pertaining to the industrial, agricultural, and transportation production functions and to population preferences, the model is solved numerically, and response functions are estimated and analyzed.

Valuing Domestic Transport Infrastructure: A View from the Route Choice of Exporters

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-46
Author(s):  
Jingting Fan ◽  
Yi Lu ◽  
Wenlan Luo
Keyword(s):  
Equilibrium Model ◽  
Route Choice ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Spatial Equilibrium ◽  
Transport Costs ◽  
Welfare Gains ◽  
Domestic Trade ◽  
Spatial Equilibrium Model ◽  
Expressway Construction ◽  
Quantitative Evaluations

Abstract A key input to quantitative evaluations of transport infrastructure projects is their impact on transport costs. We propose a new method of estimating this impact relying on widely accessible customs data: by using the route choice of exporters. We combine our method with a spatial equilibrium model to study the effects of the massive expressway construction in China between 1999 and 2010. We find transport costs are 20% lower on expressways than on regular roads. The expressways construction increases aggregate exports by 10% and domestic trade by 14%. It generates 5.1% welfare gains, implying a 150% net return to investment.

scholarly journals Lack of Spatial Approach in Urban Density Policies: The Case of the Master Plan of Tehran

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 7285
Author(s):  
Mostafa Ghadami ◽  
Andreas Dittmann ◽  
Taher Safarrad
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Area Ratio ◽  
Master Plan ◽  
Urban Spatial Structure ◽  
Floor Area Ratio ◽  
Spatial Approach ◽  
Arc Gis ◽  
Geographic Weighted Regression ◽  
The City

This paper aims to investigate the approach of density policies in the Tehran Master Plan and the consequences of ignoring the macro spatial scale in density policymaking. In this study, the floor area ratio (FAR) regulations of the Master Plan of Tehran (which are defined by specific land use zones) are used as one of the main densification tools. Then, employing the Getis–Ord Local G and geographic weighted regression (GWR) statistical tests, Arc GIS 10.3 software, and population and employment variables, the spatial outcomes of the Master Plan density policies were modeled. In this research, both population and employment (job) variables and their relationship were utilized to depict the urban spatial structure of the city. The model will show the resulting spatial structure of Tehran if the densification policies of the plan are realized. The findings of the research are surprising, as they indicate that the Master Plan’s densification policies would worsen the current spatial structure by disrupting the current population and employment spatial structure and neglecting their logical relationships. In fact, the Master Plan would change the current polycentric structure into a highly dispersed structure due to its densification approach, which is mainly based on the neighborhood micro scale.

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