An Equilibrium Model of Office Location and Contact Patterns

1983 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 1311-1326 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Tauchen ◽  
A D Witte
Keyword(s):  
Equilibrium Model ◽  
Central Business District ◽  
Agglomeration Economies ◽  
Transport Cost ◽  
Transport Costs ◽  
Contact Patterns ◽  
Relative Attractiveness ◽  
Business District ◽  
Office Location

In this paper, we develop an equilibrium model of office location, which explicitly considers the source of agglomeration economies and which sees firm location and contact patterns as jointly and endogenously determined. We solve the model explicitly for contact-benefit, facility-cost, and transport-cost functions representative of medium-sized US cities. The resulting rent functions are concave rather than convex as they are in most models of industrial and residential location. The source of the concavity is that firms make contacts throughout the central business district (CBD). To determine the role of agglomeration economies associated with interfirm contacts, we alter the contact-benefit function, the transport-cost function and the size of the CBD. We find that agglomeration economies have a strong effect on location and, indeed, are often sufficiently strong to produce counterintuitive results. For example, an increase in transport costs causes a decrease rather than an increase in transport expenses, because in the city, which is now smaller, a firm decreases the number of contacts. Further, the increase in transport costs does not increase the relative attractiveness of the center.

Energy, Economy, and Transport Cost

2018 ◽  
pp. 71-95
Author(s):  
Alain Bresson
Keyword(s):  
Maritime Transportation ◽  
Transport Cost ◽  
Transport Costs ◽  
Greek City ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
Energy Economy ◽  
City States ◽  
The Cost

This chapter examines the role of energy in the economic growth of ancient Greece, with particular emphasis on the impact of the cost of transportation. It first considers the different sources of energy in the Greek city-states, including heat generated by the sun, wood, and charcoal, before discussing the question regarding the cost of energy and the economic conditions for using steam engines during the period. It then explains how wind energy contributed to economic development in the ancient Mediterranean world, and especially in the Greek city-states, by dramatically lowering transport costs and transportation cycles. It also explores how connectivity emerged between Mediterranean countries and concludes with an analysis of overland transportation via roads, the role of ships and ports in maritime transportation, navigational techniques and the construction of artificial ports, and projects aimed at digging canals and building portage routes.

scholarly journals Ongoing Community Resilience from the Ground Up: A Relational Place Based Approach to Grassroots Community Resilience

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Raven Marie Cretney
Keyword(s):  
Central Business District ◽  
Community Resilience ◽  
Place Identity ◽  
Ecological Resilience ◽  
Urban Resilience ◽  
Community Group ◽  
Aotearoa New Zealand ◽  
Business District ◽  
Place And Identity

<p>When the devastating 6.3 magnitude earthquake hit Christchurch, Aotearoa New Zealand, at 12.51pm on 22nd February 2011, the psychological and physical landscape was irrevocably changed. In the days and weeks following the disaster communities were isolated due to failed infrastructure, continuing aftershocks and the extensive search and rescue effort which focussed resources on the central business district. In such moments the resilience of a community is truly tested. This research discusses the role of grassroots community groups in facilitating community resilience during the Christchurch 2010/11 earthquakes and the role of place in doing so. I argue that place specific strategies for urban resilience need to be enacted from a grassroots level while being supported by broader policies and agencies.  Using a case study of Project Lyttelton – a group aspiring towards a resilient sustainable future who were caught at the epicentre of the February earthquake – I demonstrate the role of a community group in creating resilience through self-organised place specific action during a disaster. The group provided emotional care, basic facilities and rebuilding assistance to the residents of Lyttelton, proving to be an invaluable asset. These actions are closely linked to the characteristics of social support and social learning that have been identified as important to socio-ecological resilience. In addition this research will seek to understand and explore the nuances of place and identity and its role in shaping resilience to such dis-placing events. Drawing on community narratives of the displacement of place identity, the potential for a progressive sense of place as instigated by local groups will be investigated as an avenue for adaptation by communities at risk of disaster and place destabilisation.</p>

scholarly journals Ongoing Community Resilience from the Ground Up: A Relational Place Based Approach to Grassroots Community Resilience

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Raven Marie Cretney
Keyword(s):  
Central Business District ◽  
Community Resilience ◽  
Place Identity ◽  
Ecological Resilience ◽  
Urban Resilience ◽  
Community Group ◽  
Aotearoa New Zealand ◽  
Business District ◽  
Place And Identity

<p>When the devastating 6.3 magnitude earthquake hit Christchurch, Aotearoa New Zealand, at 12.51pm on 22nd February 2011, the psychological and physical landscape was irrevocably changed. In the days and weeks following the disaster communities were isolated due to failed infrastructure, continuing aftershocks and the extensive search and rescue effort which focussed resources on the central business district. In such moments the resilience of a community is truly tested. This research discusses the role of grassroots community groups in facilitating community resilience during the Christchurch 2010/11 earthquakes and the role of place in doing so. I argue that place specific strategies for urban resilience need to be enacted from a grassroots level while being supported by broader policies and agencies.  Using a case study of Project Lyttelton – a group aspiring towards a resilient sustainable future who were caught at the epicentre of the February earthquake – I demonstrate the role of a community group in creating resilience through self-organised place specific action during a disaster. The group provided emotional care, basic facilities and rebuilding assistance to the residents of Lyttelton, proving to be an invaluable asset. These actions are closely linked to the characteristics of social support and social learning that have been identified as important to socio-ecological resilience. In addition this research will seek to understand and explore the nuances of place and identity and its role in shaping resilience to such dis-placing events. Drawing on community narratives of the displacement of place identity, the potential for a progressive sense of place as instigated by local groups will be investigated as an avenue for adaptation by communities at risk of disaster and place destabilisation.</p>

scholarly journals FAKTOR PENDUKUNG DAN PENGHAMBAT KEBIJAKAN JANGKA PANJANG PEMERINTAH KABUPATEN KEDIRI DALAM PEMBANGUNAN CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haryanto Haryanto
Keyword(s):  
Development Policy ◽  
Continuous System ◽  
Central Business District ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Public Facilities ◽  
Business Units ◽  
The Government ◽  
Business District ◽  
Regional Banks

The Government of Kediri Regency formed the icon of Kediri Regency by building Simpang Lima Gumul and Monuments. Thus, it is expected that there will be investments in the Simpang Lima Gumul area because it is a strategic road and location. This study was analyzed using the theory of the role of government and public policy. The research method in this journal uses descriptive qualitative methods. CBD is held in a multi-year and continuous system, meaning that the budget is carried out annually. The project is from exemption until completion from 2002-2012. The project phase includes land acquisition in 2002-2009, construction of monuments, construction of highways, and the fourth phase of construction of public facilities such as terminals, regional banks, the monument market on Sundays and the immigration office. While the construction of the new Hall was completed in 2012. This is still needed by investors for CBD development because of limited funding from the government. Supporting factors in the CBD development policy are cooperation with German, French and other networks. Inhibiting Factors of CBD formation, namely trade and industry locations that have not yet been established, there are still few business units built in the Simpang Lima Gumul area.

Distribution and density estimates for urban foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in Melbourne: implications for rabies control

1999 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clive A. Marks ◽  
Tim E. Bloomfield
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Central Business District ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Field Site ◽  
Density Estimates ◽  
The Public ◽  
Rabies Control ◽  
Business District ◽  
Neighbour Analysis

The distribution and density of red fox populations was investigated in metropolitan Melbourne from 1990 to 1993. Distribution data were collected from sightings reported by members of the public, from spotlight and active den surveys, and from trapping and road kills. Archival data suggested that resident populations of foxes have been present within the inner metropolitan area since the early 1940s. Contemporary fox populations were found to be extensively distributed throughout the urban area, with few 1-km 2 grids within a 5-km radius of the Central Business District not containing foxes. Density estimates were based on nearest-neighbour analysis of active natal dens in four field sites. Observations of cubs over a 4-year period at 17 dens within the field sites revealed a mean litter size of 4.36 cubs. Mean 4-year density estimates for each field site, immediately after the breeding season, were 0.47–2.55 dens km −2, which was estimated to represent 3–16 foxes km −2. Density estimates may be conservative, as family groups may contain more than one non-breeding adult. The implications of these data are discussed with respect to the potential role of the urban fox in the epidemiology of rabies. It was concluded that fox populations at the field sites were of sufficient density to maintain a sylvatic epizootic of rabies.

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