Disentangling the Interaction of Migration, Mobility, and Labor-Force Participation

2002 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 923-945 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A V Clark ◽  
Suzanne Davies Withers
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
The United States ◽  
Family Migration ◽  
Labor Force Status ◽  
Dual Earner ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Status Of Women

The authors examine the impact of mobility on the labor-force status of two-earner households in the United States, in a longitudinal context. There has recently been a resurgence of interest within industry and academia in the impact of family migration on the labor-force status of women, and on dual-earner families in general. Much of the research in this field has documented the disruptive effects of migration on the labor-force status of women, particularly with respect to unemployment, under-employment, and interrupted careers. However, there is another body of research that has challenged the disruption assumption with findings that many women benefit from family migration. The conflicting results persist when the modeling procedures account for the selectivity of migrants. Missing from the literature is a comparison of the impact of mobility on the labor-force status of men as well as women at varying geographical scales. The authors have used a new methodology to extend previous work on the impact of family migration by directly comparing the labor-force status of dual-earner households who migrate long distances, with that of households who move within the same labor market, and with that of households who remain residentially stable. The authors have used data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics to show conclusively that, although there are disruptive effects, these are relatively short lived for most households. In addition, the results suggest that average changes mask very large variations in what happens to husbands and wives who relocate. This study emphasizes the dynamic nature of wives' labor-force participation relative to their husbands' immediately before and after a move, a finding that has not been established by other work on migration and labor-force participation.

scholarly journals The Labor Force Participation Rate: A Rexamination Of The Determinants Of Its Decline

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 2283
Author(s):  
Patrick J. Litzinger ◽  
John H. Dunn
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
The United States ◽  
Labor Force Participation Rate ◽  
Structural Determinants ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Primary Determinant ◽  
The Impact

The U.S. Labor Force Participation Rate (LFPR) is defined as the number of people in the labor force as a percentage of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over.  In a paper published in November, 2013, we examined the determinants of the decline in the LFPR from a 1998 peak of 67.2% to then, 63.3%.  Consensus of a number of economic studies at that time was that the primary determinant of the decline was cyclical and that an improving economy would stop, if not reverse, the downward trend. Since that time the unemployment rate has declined from 7.2% to 5.3%.  However, the LFPR has continued its decline to 62.6%.  Structural issues in the economy would appear to have far greater effect on LFPR decline than previously believed. In this paper we examine the following classes of structural determinants and their effects on LFPR: demographics, including not only the prime working cohort of ages 25 to 54, but also those of retirement age; the impact of a welfare system that appropriately provides a critical safety net, but one that reduces incentive to work through disability payments, extended unemployment benefits, and other subsidies;  education for both those of a higher level of attainment, as well as an underclass that no longer receives training by business, but must rely on both public and private vocational education; and finally the consequences of globalization on the economy, including the virtual disappearance of semi-skilled industries in the United States that heretofore have provided jobs for high school graduates.

scholarly journals Impact of Turkish policy reform on labor force status of disabled males: A difference-in-difference analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-5
Author(s):  
Burcu Düzgün-Öncel ◽  
Deniz Karaoğlan
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
Policy Reform ◽  
Difference In Difference ◽  
Statistical Institute ◽  
Labor Force Status ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Individual

This paper aims to study the effect of a Turkish policy reform enacted in 2008 that requires firms to hire disabled applicants. Our attention is only on males to avoid complications arising from gender differences in disability and labor force participation. The data is from the Turkey Health Survey (THS) of the Turkish Statistical Institute (TurkStat) for the years 2008 and 2012. We define ?disability? as an impairment of long-term health conditions that lasts more than six months and that restricts the individual in daily activities. We use difference-in-difference (DD) estimation, in which the DD estimator is the difference between disabled and nondisabled individuals in the difference in labor force participation before and after the new policy. The results suggest an insignificant effect of the treatment on the treated, implying that the policy reform does not create any incentive for disabled males to participate in the labor force.

Health Care, Health Insurance, and the Distribution of American Incomes

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary Burtless ◽  
Pavel Svaton
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Insurance ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
The United States ◽  
Medical Expenditure ◽  
Cash Income ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Money Income ◽  
Health Care Consumption ◽  
The Impact

Cash income offers an incomplete picture of the resources available to finance household consumption. Most American families are covered by an insurance plan that pays for some or all of the health care they consume. Only a comparatively small percentage of families pays for the full cost of this insurance out of their cash incomes. As health care has claimed a growing share of consumption, the percentage of care that is financed out of household incomes has declined. Because health care consumption is more important for some groups in the population than others, the growth in spending and changes in the payment system for medical care have reduced the value of standard income measures for assessing relative incomes of the rich and poor and the young and old. More than a seventh of total personal consumption now consists of health care that is purchased with government insurance and employer contributions to employee health plans. This paper combines health care spending and insurance reimbursement data in the Medical Expenditure Panel Study and money income and health coverage data in the Current Population Survey to assess the impact of health insurance on the distribution of income. Our estimates imply that gross money income significantly understates the resources available to finance household purchases. The estimates imply that a more complete measure of resources would show less inequality than the income measures that are currently used. The addition of estimates of the value of health insurance to countable incomes reduces measured inequality in the population and the income gap between young and old. If the analysis were extended over a longer period, it would show a sizeable impact of insurance on inequality trends in the United States.

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