Local Finance and Economic Reform in Eastern Europe

1994 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
R M Bird ◽  
C Wallich
Keyword(s):  
Economic Reform ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Social Safety Net ◽  
Local Finance ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Social ◽  
Fiscal System ◽  
Major Reform ◽  
The Common

Extensive decentralization, both political and fiscal, is taking place in many of the countries newly emerging from behind the socialist veil. Decentralization represents both a reaction from below to the previously tight political control from the center and an attempt from above to further the privatization of the economy and to relieve the strained fiscal situation of the central government. Although there are of course many variations in this process from country to country, some important common elements arise from the similar institutional starting point in all countries and the common transitional problems most of them are facing. The on-going reforms of subnational finance in the transitional economies are more important than seems generally to be recognized. The design of a well-functioning intergovernmental fiscal system is key to many of the major reform goals of the transition economies—macroeconomic stability, privatization, and the social safety net.

scholarly journals Ecuador

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (379) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Central Bank ◽  
Economic Reform ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Social Safety Net ◽  
Social Unrest ◽  
National Assembly ◽  
The Social ◽  
Fuel Subsidies ◽  
The Government

A 36-month Extended Fund Facility (EFF) arrangement with access of SDR 3.035 billion (435 percent of quota or about US$4.189 billion) was approved on March 11, 2019. The first review was concluded on June 28, 2019. At the beginning of October, an economic reform package was announced, including the immediate liberalization of prices for gasoline and diesel. Following protracted protests and social unrest, the authorities retracted the decree mandating the removal of fuel subsidies. The government continues to negotiate a revised fuel subsidy decree with a broad representation of civil society and hopes to reach an agreement in the foreseeable future. Completing the upgrade of the social safety net, recently initiated by the government, remains a priority and a prerequisite for a successful fuel subsidy reform. On November 17, 70 out of 133 legislators voted to reject an urgent package of economic laws, including key reforms under the program: a tax code, central bank code, and organic budget code. The government submitted a revised version of the tax code to the National Assembly as an urgent economic reform; this version was approved with minor modifications on December 9. The government also intends to submit revised drafts of the central bank and organic budget codes separately in the coming months, after internalizing feedback from lawmakers. Economic growth has slowed as projected in 2019, and in 2020, a less contractionary fiscal stance and higher oil production than previously expected should help mitigate the potential negative impact of political uncertainty and provide a fillip to the economy.

Caught in the Net: The Impact of Changes to Canadian Employment Insurance Legislation on Part-time Workers

2003 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norene Pupo ◽  
Ann Duffy
Keyword(s):  
Labour Force ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Social Safety Net ◽  
Employment Insurance ◽  
The Social ◽  
Canadian Context ◽  
Insurance Programme ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Industrialised Countries ◽  
The Impact

Throughout Western highly industrialised countries, there has been a marked shift toward more conservative social policies signalling a dismantling of the welfare state as part of the process of globalisation. This paper examines the aetiology of the (un)employment insurance programme in the Canadian context. Recently, legislators have tightened eligibility rules, lowered earnings replacement rates and altered coverage requirements. While these changes signal a shredding of the social safety net, they differentially impact on certain segments of the population. Despite official pronouncements of fairness, employment insurance changes intensify the subordination women experience in the paid labour force.

scholarly journals “The Might of My Own Hand Has Gotten Me This Wealth”: Reflections on Wealth and Poverty in the Hebrew Bible and Today

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-17
Author(s):  
Joel S. Kaminsky
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Wage ◽  
Hebrew Bible ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Social Concern ◽  
Social Safety Net ◽  
The Bible ◽  
The Social

The growing gap between the wealthiest and poorest members of society is a pressing social concern regularly invoked in discussions surrounding taxation, the minimum wage, and the social safety net. Advocates of particular positions at times reference various biblical passages. This essay examines several relevant themes and passages within the Hebrew Bible in order to explore ways the Bible might be brought into productive conversation with these contemporary issues.

scholarly journals The Social Safety Nets and Poverty Alleviation in Pakistan: An Evaluation of Livelihood Enhancement and Protection Programme

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-36
Author(s):  
Asif Javed ◽  
Vaqar Ahmed ◽  
Bakhrul Khair Amal
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Sustainable Livelihood ◽  
Social Safety Net ◽  
Safety Nets ◽  
Poor Households ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government ◽  
Social Safety Nets

Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 1 intends to end poverty of all forms and the government of Pakistan is also targeting poverty alleviation through social safety nets. ‘Ehsaas’ is the major social safety nets proramme which include various initiatives that are benefiting millions of households. The study examines the state of poverty in Pakistan and also highlights the spending under each social safety net. Furthermore, the study also evaluates the Livelihood Enhancement and Protection (LEP) programme which is a major initiative for poverty alleviation under Ehsaas programme. Survey in Khyber Pakhtunkhawa and Balochistan provinces were conducted of those beneficiaries who are getting asset and skills training. It was found that asset provision and skills trainings are helpful in increasing the earnings and provide sustainable livelihood opportunities to poor households.

Taking the Long View: COVID-19 Priorities for the Biden Administration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandro Galea ◽  
Catherine K. Ettman ◽  
Nason Maani ◽  
Salma M. Abdalla
Keyword(s):  
Safety Net ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Safety Net ◽  
Health Decision Making ◽  
Political Landscape ◽  
National Conversation ◽  
The Social ◽  
National Response ◽  
Health Decision ◽  
Policy Priority

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic transformed the American political landscape, influencing the course of the 2020 election and creating an urgent policy priority for the new administration. “The Biden-Harris plan to beat COVID-19” represents a practicable, technically competent, plan to contain the pandemic, one that will serve the country well in the months ahead. We suggest that the United States would also benefit from an even bolder set of aspirations—reframing of the national conversation on COVID-19, embedding equity in all health decision making, strengthening the social safety net, and changing how we talk about health—as part of the national response to COVID-19. This would represent a genuine step forward in our approach to health, informed by the systemic flaws COVID-19 exposed, and realize benefits from the pandemic moment that would propel national health forward for the rest of the century.

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