The Dependence of Monocular Rivalry on Orientation

Perception ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
F W Campbell ◽  
A S Gilinsky ◽  
E R Howell ◽  
L A Riggs ◽  
J Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Medical Research ◽  
Maximum Rate ◽  
National Science Foundation ◽  
Research Council ◽  
Medical Research Council ◽  
The Other ◽  
Luminance Profile ◽  
National Science ◽  
Research Grant

If two gratings with a sinusoidal luminance profile are crossed and if each has a different colour then they are seen to alternate; first one dominates and then the other. Part of the time both are seen. The rate of this monocular rivalry varies with the angle between the two gratings. If the two are lined up in parallel the percept is quite stable and remains so until their orientation is about 15° to 20° apart. The rate of alternation then increases rapidly reaching a maximum rate of 30 per minute. The orientational selectivity of the rivalry suggests that the orientational properties of the neurones in the visual cortex discovered by Hubel and Wiesel are involved. Acknowledgements. We wish to thank Professor Peter M. Milner for his keen interest in these experiments and for acting as a subject. F.W.C. is supported by a grant from the Medical Research Council. The work of A.S.G. during her visit to Cambridge was supported in part by a research grant GB-31029 from the National Science Foundation. E.R.H. was awarded a Wellcome Trust Fellowship while in Cambridge.

scholarly journals The Genus Salmonella Lignières, 1900: Issued by the Salmonella Subcommittee of the Nomenclature Committee of the International Society for Microbiology

1934 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-350 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Research ◽  
International Society ◽  
Plenary Session ◽  
Research Council ◽  
Medical Research Council ◽  
The Other ◽  
Draft Report ◽  
Object A ◽  
Nomenclature Committee ◽  
Special Groups

At the First Congress of the International Society for Microbiology held in Paris in July 1930, a Nomenclature Committee of the Society was authorised and constituted by resolution in plenary session. Under article 4 section b of the resolutions concerning the formation of the committee, authority and encouragement were given for the monographing of special groups or genera of bacteria. In furtherance of this object a subcommittee was called together early in 1933 to consider the question of the taxonomy and nomenclature of the Salmonella group, Dr H. Schütze, Lister Institute, London, being appointed Chairman; the other members of the subcommittee comprising: Dr E. O. Jordan, University of Chicago, U.S.A.; Dr F. Kauffmann, Statens Serum-institut, Copenhagen, Denmark; Dr W. M. Scott, Ministry of Health, London; Mr P. Bruce White, National Institute for Medical Research, London; with Dr R. St John-Brooks, National Collection of Type Cultures (Medical Research Council), Lister Institute, London, as Secretary. The late Dr J. Lignières, some time before his lamented death, consented to serve on the subcommittee. As, however, he died before he had an opportunity of considering the draft report, which he did not take part in drawing up, his name does not appear as a member of the subcommittee.

scholarly journals Rothschild reversed: explaining the exceptionalism of biomedical research, 1971–1981

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-163
Author(s):  
STEPHEN M. DAVIES
Keyword(s):  
Medical Research ◽  
Science Policy ◽  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Research Council ◽  
Medical Research Council ◽  
National Science ◽  
National Science Policy ◽  
New Framework

AbstractThe ‘Rothschild reforms’ of the early 1970s established a new framework for the management of government-funded science. The subsequent dismantling of the Rothschild system for biomedical research and the return of funds to the Medical Research Council (MRC) in 1981 were a notable departure from this framework and ran contrary to the direction of national science policy. The exceptionalism of these measures was justified at the time with reference to the ‘particular circumstances’ of biomedical research. Conventional explanations for the reversal in biomedical research include the alleged greater competence and higher authority of the MRC, together with its claimed practical difficulties. Although they contain some elements of truth, such explanations are not wholly convincing. Alternative explanations hinge on the behaviour of senior medical administrators, who closed ranks to ensure that de facto control was yielded to the MRC. This created an accountability deficit, which the two organizations jointly resolved by dismantling the system for commissioning biomedical research. The nature and working of medical elites were central to this outcome.

Correlação entre a frequência respiratória e escalas de avaliação de dispneia

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivete Alonso Bredda Saad ◽  
Mariana De Moraes ◽  
Vinicius Minatel ◽  
Bruna Alonso Saad
Keyword(s):  
Medical Research ◽  
Research Council ◽  
Medical Research Council

A avaliação da dispneia tem sido feita por meio de instrumentos como escala de Borg modificada, a escala de cores e a escala do Medical Research Council modificada (mMRC). O objetivo deste estudo foi correlacionar a frequência respiratória com a sensação de dispneia, através das escalas citadas, correlacioná-las entre si e verificar se o grau de alfabetização influenciou na resposta do paciente sobre a sensação de dispneia. Para avaliar o esforço físico utilizou-se o teste de caminhada de seis minutos. Este foi um estudo prospectivo, transversal e analítico-descritivo composto por 124 voluntários com diagnóstico de doença pulmonar. Para comparar as variáveis categóricas entre os grupos foram utilizados os testes Qui-Quadrado e exato de Fisher. Para comparar as variáveis contínuas foi utilizado o teste Kruskal-Wallis e para análise de correlação foi utilizado o coeficiente de correlação de Spearman. A idade média foi de 55,9 (± 13,08 anos), 14% eram analfabetos. Nos tempos de análise houve correlação positiva entre as escalas mMRC e Borg, r = 0,43, r = 0,61 e r = 0,55. Entre as escalas mMRC e Cores, observou-se correlação negativa. Concluiu-se que a frequência respiratória correlacionou-se com as três escalas. O grau de alfabetização não modificou a resposta do paciente em relação à sensação de dispneia.Palavras-chave: dispneia, fisioterapia, avaliação.

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