Nutrient Requirements of Domesticated Ruminants

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Animal Nutrition ◽  
Nutrient Requirements ◽  
Standing Committee ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Grazing Animal ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Support Tools ◽  
Csiro Publishing ◽  
Qualitative Changes

Nutrient Requirements of Domesticated Ruminants draws on the most up-to-date research on the energy, protein, mineral, vitamin and water requirements of beef and dairy cattle, sheep and goats. It defines the responses of animals, in weight change, milk production and wool growth, to quantitative and qualitative changes in their feed supply. It has particular application to grazing animals. Factors affecting the intake of feed are taken into account and recommendations are given according to the production systems being used; for instance, the feed intake of a grazing animal is affected by a larger number of variables than a housed animal. Examples of the estimation of the energy and nutrients required for the different production systems are given, as well as the production expected from predicted feed intakes. The interactions between the grazing animal, the pasture and any supplementary feeds are complex, involving herbage availability, diet selection and substitution. To facilitate the application of these recommendations to particular grazing situations, readers are directed to decision support tools and spreadsheet programs. Nutrient Requirements of Domesticated Ruminants is based on the benchmark publication, Feeding Standards for Australian Livestock: Ruminants, published in 1990 by CSIRO Publishing on behalf of the Standing Committee on Agriculture. It provides comprehensive and useful information for graziers, livestock advisors, veterinarians, feed manufacturers and animal nutrition researchers. The recommendations described are equally applicable to animals in feedlots or drought yards.

Grazing Animal Nutrition

Forages ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 815-826
Author(s):  
Gregory Lardy ◽  
Richard Waterman
Keyword(s):  
Animal Nutrition ◽  
Grazing Animal

scholarly journals The Effect of Stress on Reproduction and Reproductive Technologies in Beef Cattle—A Review

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2096 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aitor Fernandez-Novo ◽  
Sonia S. Pérez-Garnelo ◽  
Arantxa Villagrá ◽  
Natividad Pérez-Villalobos ◽  
Susana Astiz
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Neural Systems ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Beef Herds ◽  
Major Factors

Researchers have contributed by increasing our understanding of the factors affecting reproduction in beef, mainly physical health and nutrition aspects, which have been main concerns during decades. Animal welfare is of outmost relevance in all animal production systems and it is strongly associated to stress. Stress responses involve endocrine, paracrine and neural systems and the consequences of this stress on the reproductive efficiency of specifically, beef cattle and bulls, need to be highlighted. We, therefore, describe the fundamentals of stress and its quantification, focusing in beef herds, reviewing the highly valuable pieces of research, already implemented in this field. We examine major factors (stressors) contributing to stress in beef cattle and their effects on the animals, their reproductive performance and the success of reproductive biotechnologies. We include terms such as acclimatization, acclimation or temperament, very relevant in beef systems. We examine specifically the management stress due to handling, social environment and hierarchy or weaning effects; nutritional stress; and thermal stress (not only heat stress) and also review the influence of these stressors on reproductive performance and effectiveness of reproductive biotechnologies in beef herds. A final message on the attention that should be devoted to these factors is highlighted.

Thorburn Brailsford Robertson: Brilliant Scientist, Innovator and Australia’s First Professor of Biochemistry

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
George E. Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Industrial Research ◽  
University Of California ◽  
Animal Nutrition ◽  
First Person ◽  
Biochemical Basis ◽  
University Of Toronto ◽  
Pituitary Tissue ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
The University

Thorburn Brailsford Robertson (1884–1930) was educated in Adelaide and held appointments at the University of California, Berkeley (where he completed his PhD in 1907), and the University of Toronto before taking up his appointment at Adelaide in 1919 as Australia's first Professor of Biochemistry. In his research on the biochemical basis of growth and senescence he discovered in pituitary tissue a growth factor he called Tethelin. He made important contributions to the fabric and collegiality of the University of Adelaide. Amongst his many scientific contributions he was the first person outside Canada to prepare insulin, a project taken up by the Commonwealth Serum Laboratories. In 1927 he became the first Chief of the Division of Animal Nutrition in the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, for whom he investigated sheep nutrition and wool growth.

scholarly journals Measuring and explaining multi-directional inefficiency in the Malaysian dairy industry

2017 ◽  
Vol 119 (12) ◽  
pp. 2788-2803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurul Aisyah Binti Mohd Suhaimi ◽  
Yann de Mey ◽  
Alfons Oude Lansink
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Dairy Industry ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Dairy Farming ◽  
Truncated Regression ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Technical Inefficiency ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Farm Finance

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to measure the technical inefficiency of dairy farms and subsequently investigate the factors affecting technical inefficiency in the Malaysian dairy industry. Design/methodology/approach This study uses multi-directional efficiency analysis to measure the technical inefficiency scores on a sample of 200 farm observations and single-bootstrap truncated regression model to define factors affecting technical inefficiency. Findings Managerial and program inefficiency scores are presented for intensive and semi-intensive production systems. The results reveal marked differences in the inefficiency scores across inputs and between production systems. Practical implications Intensive systems generally have lowest managerial and program inefficiency scores in the Malaysian dairy farming sector. Policy makers could use this information to advise dairy farmers to convert their farming system to the intensive system. Social implications The results suggest that the Malaysian Government should redefine its policy for providing farm finance and should target young farmers when designing training and extension programs in order to improve the performance of the dairy sector. Originality/value The existing literature on Southeast Asian dairy farming has neither focused on investigating input-specific efficiency nor on comparing managerial and program efficiency. This paper aims to fill this gap.

scholarly journals Factors Impeding Effective Crop Production in Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bulti Merga ◽  
Jema Haji
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Cultural Challenges ◽  
Food Grains ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Crop Agriculture

In the Ethiopia crop agriculture, pillar in balancing the food diet of the majority people, as a whole and the cereals specifically is facing serious and vast challenges which in turn affect the supply of food grains. Various research institutes in Ethiopia have revealed several factors which affect crop production over the past three decades, but their findings are not synthesized into a whole and difficult to access as such. This study attempts to review various existing research findings and present them holistically. The most common factors are lack of more recently introduced improved seeds, initial capital for investment, loss of cropland, labor, pesticides, invasive alien species, farm storage techniques, methods of small scale irrigation, and religious and cultural challenges. Thorough understanding these constraints, researchers and policy makers can make useful recommendations to crop growers’ on farm improvement system and not on how to devastate well designed sustainable crop production systems. Succinct and collated scientific information would help to shade light on the best standards to overcome most factors affecting crop production and enhance the productivity and quality of crops. Moreover, this paper offers more implications and recommendations for various stakeholders in Ethiopian and similar contexts.

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