Fertility of ewes treated with prostaglandin F2α and artificially inseminated at predetermined intervals thereafter

1977 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 891 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Fukui ◽  
EM Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Prostaglandin F2α ◽  
Fertility Rate ◽  
Fertility Rates ◽  
Single Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Subsequent Fertility

An experiment was conducted to investigate the fertility rate in ewes inseminated with either fresh undiluted or frozen-thawed ram semen, without the use of vasectomized rams, at the first synchronized oestrus after a single intramuscular injection of 16 mg prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α). It was also investigated whether two injections of PGF2α at an interval of 12 days would improve the degree of synchronization of oestrus and the subsequent fertility. The degree of synchronized oestrus with two injections was similar to that with a single injection (72%v. 74% respectively). Inseminations at 46 and 54 hr or at 70 and 78 hr after treatment showed fertility comparable with that from those inseminations at oestrus detected by vasectomized rams (50% v. 45% for fresh undiluted semen and 22% v. 25% for frozen-thawed semen respectively). Inseminations at 70 and 78 hr after treatment showed a much higher fertility rate for both fresh undiluted (62% v. 39% respectively) and frozen-thawed semen (39% v. 9% respectively) than inseminations at 46 and 54 hr. Two injections of PGF2α resulted in similar fertility rates in control ewes following insemination with either fresh undiluted semen (50%) or frozen-thawed semen (22%).

scholarly journals Nitrite therapy improves survival postexposure to chlorine gas

2014 ◽  
Vol 307 (11) ◽  
pp. L888-L894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaideep Honavar ◽  
Stephen Doran ◽  
Joo-Yeun Oh ◽  
Chad Steele ◽  
Sadis Matalon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Mass Casualty ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Neutrophil Accumulation ◽  
Single Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Chlorine Gas ◽  
Endogenous Nitric Oxide

Exposure to relatively high levels of chlorine (Cl2) gas can occur in mass-casualty scenarios associated with accidental or intentional release. Recent studies have shown a significant postexposure injury phase to the airways, pulmonary, and systemic vasculatures mediated in part by oxidative stress, inflammation, and dysfunction in endogenous nitric oxide homeostasis pathways. However, there is a need for therapeutics that are amenable to rapid and easy administration in the field and that display efficacy toward toxicity after chlorine exposure. In this study, we tested whether nitric oxide repletion using nitrite, by intramuscular injection after Cl2 exposure, could prevent Cl2 gas toxicity. C57bl/6 male mice were exposed to 600 parts per million Cl2 gas for 45 min, and 24-h survival was determined with or without postexposure intramuscular nitrite injection. A single injection of nitrite (10 mg/kg) administered either 30 or 60 min postexposure significantly improved 24-h survival (from ∼20% to 50%). Survival was associated with decreased neutrophil accumulation in the airways. Rendering mice neutropenic before Cl2 exposure improved survival and resulted in loss of nitrite-dependent survival protection. Interestingly, female mice were more sensitive to Cl2-induced toxicity compared with males and were also less responsive to postexposure nitrite therapy. These data provide evidence for efficacy and define therapeutic parameters for a single intramuscular injection of nitrite as a therapeutic after Cl2 gas exposure that is amenable to administration in mass-casualty scenarios.

THE PROGESTATIONAL ACTIVITY OF 9α-HALOGENATED STEROIDS IN THE OVARIECTOMIZED EWE

1968 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-261
Author(s):  
P. J. HOLST ◽  
N. W. MOORE
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Steroid Injection ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Single Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Oestradiol Benzoate

SUMMARY A flock of 135 ovariectomized ewes was used in five tests designed to investigate the ability of three 9α-halogenated steroids to condition the spayed ewe to exhibit oestrus after a single injection of oestradiol benzoate (ODB). The experimental steroids (9α-fluoro-11β-hydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione, 9α-chloro-11β-hydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione and 9α-bromo-11β-hydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20 dione) were tested against a progestagen of known characteristics (17α-acetoxy-9α-fluoro-11β-hydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione = SC-9880, G. D. Searle) and against each other. The steroids were injected intramuscularly, daily for 12 days and ODB was given at one of three doses as a single intramuscular injection 48 or 96 hr. after the final steroid injection. The effects of the three experimental steroids, as indicated by the oestrous responses to ODB, differed little from that of SC-9880, thus proving them to be highly potent progestagens; 0·4 mg./day appeared to be about the minimum daily effective dose of all three experimental steroids indicating a potency about 15–20 times that of progesterone.

Pharmacokinetics of voriconazole after a single intramuscular injection in large falcons (Falco spp.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 661-666
Author(s):  
P Azmanis ◽  
L Pappalardo ◽  
Ziad A J Sara ◽  
C Silvanose ◽  
V Naidoo
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Plasma Level ◽  
Invasive Aspergillosis ◽  
Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Therapy Response ◽  
Peregrine Falcons ◽  
Single Intramuscular Injection

Abstract Voriconazole is one of the main azoles used to treat invasive aspergillosis in falconry raptors and birds. Despite the fact that there are studies for oral and intravenous use of voriconazole in birds, there are none for its effect after intramuscular use. Empirical use of intramuscular voriconazole in falcons, indicated quicker therapy response than the oral one. Aim of this study is to evaluate the in vivo pharmacokinetic disposition of injectable voriconazole after a single intramuscular injection in large falcons (i.e., Gyrfalcons, Saker falcons, Peregrine falcons). No clinical side effects were observed in the falcons. Absorption of voriconazole was rapid (0.5–2 hours) and reached a plasma level (>1 μg/ml) which is above the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) for all known Aspergillus strains. This level was maintained for 16 to 20 hours, thus indicating that a single injection of 12.5 mg/kg is not enough if T > MIC is taken into consideration. On a newer aspect, according to the AUC24 unbound: MIC parameter would be indicated that this dose would be rather sufficient for most Aspergillus strains.

scholarly journals Myotoxic effects of levobupivacaine, bupivacaine and ropivacaine in a rat model

2011 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karamehmet Yildiz ◽  
Sukran Nergiz Efesoy ◽  
Saim Ozdamar ◽  
Arzu Yay ◽  
Cihangir Bicer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Saline Group ◽  
Damage Score ◽  
Single Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Minimal Damage ◽  
Group B ◽  
Hematoxylin Eosin

Aim: The aim of this study is to histopathalogically compare the myotoxic effects of a single injection of levobupivacaine, bupivacaine and ropivacaine in rat skeletal muscle. Materials and Methods: Rats received intramuscular injections of 0.5% bupivacaine (Group B), 0.5% ropivacaine (Group R), 0.5% levobupivacaine (Group L), or 0.9% normal saline (Group SF) (30 rats/group). At two, 10 and 20 days, 10 rats from each group were sacrificed and muscle samples were examined for myotoxic effects using hematoxylin-eosin staining under a light microscope. Results: Muscle damage in Groups B, L and R was similar qualitatively. In samples taken two days after injection, the muscle damage in Group B was maximal [Damage score: 3.0 (2.0-3.0)], Group R had less damage than Group B [damage score: 2.0 (2.0-3.0)] and the damage in Group L was minimal [Damage score: 1.0 (1.0-2.0)]. In muscle samples taken 10 days after injection, there was no significant difference in muscle damage scores among Groups B, R and L. In muscle samples taken 20 days after injection, regeneration was complete, and muscle mass was histologically normal for each of the three groups (B, L and R). Conclusion: Levobupivacaine’s myotoxic effect is qualitatively similar to that seen (and previously reported) with bupivacaine and ropivacaine. Levobupivacaine was found to be quantitatively less myotoxic than bupivacaine and ropivacaine after a single intramuscular injection, only two days after injection. Myonecrosis developed after a single intramuscular injection of local anesthetic but was completely regenerated by the 20th day after injection.

scholarly journals RELATION OF THE SIZE OF THE INOCULUM AND THE AGE OF THE INFECTION TO THE CURATIVE DOSE OF PENICILLIN IN EXPERIMENTAL SYPHILIS, WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO THE FEASIBILITY OF ITS PROPHYLACTIC USE

1947 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry Eagle ◽  
H. J. Magnuson ◽  
Ralph Fleischman
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Single Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Asymptomatic Infections ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Prophylactic Use ◽  
Lymph Node Transfer

1. A relatively small amount of penicillin sufficed to abort syphilitic infection in rabbits when administered during the incubation period of the disease. 2. The abortive dose, given as a single intramuscular injection in oil and beeswax, varied with the age of the infection. (a) With a fixed intratesticular inoculum, the amount of penicillin necessary to prevent infection in half the animals remained at a constant level for 4 days. By the end of the 2nd week more than seven times this dosage was needed; and by the 6th week, after the chancre had appeared, more than thirty times the amount was needed to obtain the same result. The progressive increase in the abortive dose of penicillin with the passage of time probably reflects the interim multiplication of organisms. (b) Qualitatively similar results were obtained in rabbits inoculated intracutaneously. 3. The abortive dose varied also with the size of the inoculum. In animals inoculated intracutaneously with 20, 2,000, and 200,000 spirochetes, and treated 4 days later, it required 200, 500, and 3,500 units per kg., respectively, to protect half the animals, and the corresponding PD90 dosages were 500, 2,000, and 16,000 units per kg. 4. The present observations, indicating the ease of aborting experimental rabbit syphilis during the incubation period by a single injection of penicillin, are perhaps applicable to the prevention of the disease in man. 5. Asymptomatic infections were rare in animals receiving inadequate doses of penicillin during the incubation period. Sixty-four of sixty-five such animals developed darkfield-positive lesions at the inoculated site. In animals treated 6 weeks after inoculation, however, after the development of lesions, inadequate treatment was usually manifested by an asymptomatic redissemination of organisms demonstrable only by lymph node transfer. The difference in the two groups probably reflects the beginning development of immunity in the rabbits treated 6 weeks after inoculation. 6. As suggested by Rake and Dunham (11), the treatment of animals during the incubation period permits a rapid assay of antisyphilitic agents, and one which requires only small amounts of material. Possible limitations of the method are discussed in the text.

scholarly journals Tissue distribution of marbofloxacin in pigs after a single intramuscular injection

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan Yang ◽  
Yiming Liu ◽  
Zhili Li ◽  
Yuqin Wang ◽  
Baobao Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Distribution ◽  
Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Single Intramuscular Injection

THE EFFECT OF BETAMETHASONE ON GLUCOSE PRODUCTION AND ON GLUCONEOGENESIS FROM AMINO ACIDS IN SHEEP

1974 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 455-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. E. B. REILLY ◽  
E. J. H. FORD
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Glucose Production ◽  
Entry Rate ◽  
Steroid Administration ◽  
Single Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Mean Glucose

SUMMARY Primed continuous infusions of tracer amounts of [U-14C]glucose and of [U-14C]labelled mixed amino acids were used to measure plasma glucose and amino acid entry rates and to obtain an index of the incorporation of amino acid carbon into glucose by sheep before and 24 h after a single intramuscular injection of betamethasone. Maximum hyperglycaemia occurred 24 h after administration of the steroid, but there was no significant change in arterial amino acid concentration. Mean glucose entry rate was significantly raised 24 h after steroid administration. The rate of incorporation of amino acid carbon into glucose also increased significantly. The increases in plasma glucose concentration and in glucose entry confirm the authors' previous results. The results also indicate that a significant proportion of the additional glucose entry is synthesized from amino acid carbon.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document