STRATEGIC DIRECTION OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE INTERNATIONAL TOURIST UKRAINE

Development of Ukraine as an abstractive destination of tourism flows is modern and urgent task. The implementation of priority involves a number of strategic of development of local tourism. The importance of international tourism as a type of business that has a multiplier effect on all sectors of the economy is determined. The main factors influencing the development of the tourism industry are analyze. Two periods of tourism development of the XXI century have been established: pre-covid (pre-pandemic) and post- covid (and post-pandemic). The peculiarities of the functioning of the world tourism sector in the reference period are clarify, indicating all the factors influencing the tourism sector. The tourism sector in world and domestic practice attracts significant investment funds that solve a number of problems of unemployment, income growth, replenishment of the revenue side of the budget. The available national tourist resources make it possible to consider Ukraine as an important tourist destination in Europe and to state its strong competitive potential. However, the available UNWTO statistics are striking for the mismatch between economic revenues from tourism and the volume of tourism flow. This suggests that the tourism potential of Ukraine is not fully disclosed, indicative of the weight of the tourism sector of Ukraine at 2% of GDP. It should be noted that until 2013 y. inclusive, the entry rate of foreigners and stateless persons in Ukraine had a clear upward trend, and since 2014-2015 years, it has decreased by 1.9 times. This is partly due to the end of Euro 2012 y. football and the events of the Revolution of Dignity (Euromaidan) and the beginning of the Russian armed aggression against Ukraine, which led to the loss of territories. In 2016-2018 years, there is a growing trend in the segment of entry of foreigners and stateless persons. In 2019 y, the signs of the COVID-19 pandemic are noticeable, and there is a decrease in this indicator of tourist flows. Thus, if we briefly analyze the state of international tourism in Ukraine, we can conclude that it has stable growth rates in terms of travel abroad, and a decrease since 2014 in terms of entry. There are some restrictive requirements for the growth of inbound and domestic tourism flows. As already mentioned, this is primarily due to improper development of transport infrastructure and insufficient service, short holiday season, high transport tariffs and inflated prices for domestic services and hotels. Thus, the success of the country and its regions depends on the global environment in which drastic changes are possible only with a sharp external factor of natural or anthropogenic nature. The presence of Russian armed aggression against Ukraine creates additional problems. Creating new business models of tourism in which all these prerequisites are laid down is a strategic task of the country. The article point out the need for active promotion of domestic tourism, the structuring of image components of tourist areas, the expansion of promising kinds of tourist services and improving their and urban tourism. Key words. strategic directions, international tourism, Ukraine.

Prosocial option increases women’s entry into competition

We provide evidence that women enter competitions at the same rate as men when the incentive for winning includes the option to share part of the rewards with the losers (i.e., when the incentive system is socially oriented). Using an experiment (with N = 238 subjects from three laboratories), we find that about 16% more men than women choose to compete in the standard tournament; this gender gap is eliminated in the socially oriented incentive treatment. While men’s choice to compete remains unchanged, at around 52% in both conditions, women increase their entry rate from 35% in the standard tournament to 60% when the incentive includes a socially oriented option.

Effects of protein sources and inclusion levels on nitrogen metabolism and urea kinetics of Nellore feedlot steers fed concentrate-based diets

Urea recycling occurs in all mammalian species and represents an important source of ruminal nitrogen (N) for ruminants fed protein-restricted diets. However, its importance for cattle fed adequate amounts of protein and energy remains unclear. Six Nellore feedlot steers fed concentrate-based diets were used in a 6 × 6 Latin square design with a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments to evaluate ruminal fermentation, urea kinetics, and N excretion. Treatments consisted of 3 protein sources (PS: soybean meal plus urea [SU], corn gluten meal [CGM], and dry distillers grains [DDG]) and 2 inclusion levels (PL; 11 and 14%). Steers were adapted to the diets for 14 d followed by 8 d of sample collection. Feed intake, fecal output, and urine production were measured from d 18 to d 22 of each period. Blood samples were collected every 6 h on d 18. [ 15N- 15N]-urea was infused into the jugular vein for 82 h over d 19 to d 22, and measurement of 15N in background (d 18) and enriched feces and urine (d 21) were used to evaluate urea kinetics. To evaluate the incorporation of recycled urea N into microbial protein (MICP), ruminal and duodenal fluid were collected on d 22. Steers fed SU diets had lower (P < 0.05) nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), greater (P < 0.05) urea-N entry rate (UER), and tended (P < 0.10) to have greater gastrointestinal entry rate of urea-N (GER) compared to those fed CGM or DDG. In addition, steers fed SU had greater (P < 0.05) urea-N returned to ornithine cycle (ROC) compared to those fed CGM or DDG. Increasing PL tended (P < 0.10) to increase UER. The proportion of total microbial N from recycled urea-N was greater (P < 0.05) for steers fed CGM compared to those fed SU and also greater for steers fed diets with 11% CP than for those fed with 14% CP. Diets with 11% CP can be used for Nellore feedlot cattle fed concentrate-based diets without negatively affecting intake, digestibility, and ruminal fermentation. Moreover, diets containing rumen undegradable protein (RUP) feed sources (CGM or DDG) compared to diets with SU markedly increased NUE, while maintaining microbial protein (MICP) synthesis. Results from this study suggest that the equation adopted by NASEM (2016) was not accurate in estimating the urea-N used for anabolism (UUA) in Nellore feedlot cattle fed concentrate-based diets.

Intelligent Forwarding Strategy for Congestion Control Using Q-Learning and LSTM in Named Data Networking

Named data networking (NDN) is a future network architecture that replaces IP-oriented communication with content-oriented communication and has new features such as cache, multiple paths, and multiple sources. Services such as video streaming, to which NDN can be applied in the future, can cause congestion if data is concentrated on one of the nodes during high demand. To solve this problem, sending rate control methods such as TCP congestion control have been proposed, but they do not adequately reflect the characteristics of NDN. Therefore, we use reinforcement learning and deep learning to propose a congestion control method that takes advantage of multipath features. The intelligent forwarding strategy for congestion control using Q-learning and long short-term memory in NDN proposed in this paper is divided into two phases. The first phase uses an LSTM model to train a pending interest table (PIT) entry rate that can be used as an indicator to detect congestion by knowing the amount of data returned. In the second phase, it is forwarded to an alternative path that is not congestive via Q-learning based on the PIT entry rate predicted by the trained LSTM model. The simulation results show that the proposed method increases the data reception rate by 6.5% and 19.5% and decreases the packet drop rate by 7.3% and 17.2% compared to an adaptive SRTT-based forwarding strategy (ASF) and BestRoute.

How Does the Efficiency of Value Realization on a Platform Influence Sustainability Transition? A Case of the Power Industry in China

In the era of the digital economy, for platform-based actors making a transition from one business field harmful for the sustainable development of society to a new field, their efficiency in value realization (EVR) has become inseparable from the digital platform used. The relationship between EVR on a platform and business transitions is a topic that has not been fully discussed, especially from the perspective of the platform service system. Also, few studies have explored transaction costs and opportunity costs using queuing theory. To fill these gaps and to inform transitions to sustainability, this paper applied a system dynamics method and proposed a framework for analyzing the relationship between EVR and the transition ratio. Findings suggest that improvements in the EVR lead to decreases in response time and may lead to an improved transition ratio. The ratio between EVR and the “entry rate” is important for predicting the transition ratio. However, preference, platform maturity, and the feedback of the transition ratio cause the effect of EVR to dynamically change. Based on this mechanism, the government can take incentive measures to maintain an acceptable transition ratio. For the power industry, the case simulated for this study, the transition can be improved by effectively transmitting a phasing-out policy for platforms and actors, and by guiding power exchange platforms to set reasonable rules, service levels, and growth rates.

Development and testing of fish-retention devices for pots: transparent triggers significantly increase catch efficiency for Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua)

Fish pots have lower catch efficiency than gillnets and trawls and, therefore, are rarely used for catching Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and similar species. Fish-retention devices (FRDs), non-return devices that permit fish to enter the pot while impeding exit, reduce the pot exit rate and therefore can increase catches. Conventional FRDs, however, also reduce entry rate and may not improve catches. To increase pot-catch efficiency, we developed and tested a new trigger-type FRD, made of transparent acrylic glass, which we named acrylic fingers (AFs). AFs are almost invisible underwater and offer little resistance to entering cod. We compared AFs with Neptune fingers (NFs), a conventional trigger-type FRD with a distinct visual outline, by observing cod entry and exit rates through both trigger types rigged to a pot in a net pen. Both trigger types significantly reduced exit rates compared with a funnel without triggers; however, NFs also reduced entry rates by visually deterring cod. Specifically, AFs have higher entry-to-exit ratios and therefore improve catch efficiency. Combining AFs with funnels further increased catch efficiency. Thus, transparent acrylic triggers present a promising new approach to increasing pot-catch efficiency and may increase the uptake of the cod pot, an environmentally low-impact gear.