Studies on The Nitrogen Metabolism of Plants VII. Toxicity of Some Oximes and Oximino·Acids to Azotobacter and Their Utilization

Nitrogen added to plants either as ammonium or nitrate ion results inincreases in amounts of both proteins and amino-acids and usually also in theamides asparagine and glutamine. However, evidence is accumulating whichsuggests that differences in metabolism occur according as the plants are providedwith either ammonium salts or nitrates.

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Isoenzyme pattern of glutamate dehydrogenase as a reflection of nitrogen metabolism in Lupinus albus

Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae ◽

10.5586/asbp.1977.027 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 46 (2) ◽

pp. 347-356 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Lech Ratajczak ◽

Wiktoria Ratajczak ◽

Hanna Mazurowa

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Glutamate Dehydrogenase ◽

Nitrogen Metabolism ◽

Specific Activity ◽

Lupinus Albus ◽

Ammonium Salts ◽

Electrophoretic Separation ◽

Trophic Conditions ◽

Separation Pattern ◽

Isoenzyme Patterns

Glutamate dehydrogenase (L-glutamate: NAD dehydrogenase, EC 1.4. 1.2; GDH) activity and electrophoretic separation pattern of the enzyme were studied. The enzyme was extracted from embryos of Lupinus albus decotyledonized and cultured for 24, 48 and 72 hours in media containing various combinations of saccharose, ammonium chloride, nitrate as well as amino acids: glutamate, aspartate, glutamine and asparagine. The absence of sugar in the medium resulted in an increase of specific activity of GDH, measured by the rate of NADH + H+ oxidation, and induced formation of new isoenzymes of NAD+ - dependent GDH. Most significant increase in GDH specific activity and most evident appearance of new isoenzymes in the embryos were noted when sugar was substituted in the medium by any of the mentioned amino acids. Induction of new isoenzymes could also be seen when ammonium salts were pre-sent in the medium. GHD isoenzymatic patterns were obtained in various trophic conditions. It is suggested that the GDH isoenzyme patterns may serve as a nitrogen metabolism index of a tissue from which the enzyme has been extracted.

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Improved conditions for the asymmetric synthesis of α-amino acids using Cinchona-derived anthracenylmethyl ammonium salts as chiral phase-transfer organocatalysts

Tetrahedron Asymmetry ◽

10.1016/j.tetasy.2006.12.004 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 17 (24) ◽

pp. 3423-3429 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Rafael Chinchilla ◽

Carmen Nájera ◽

Francisco J. Ortega

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Asymmetric Synthesis ◽

Phase Transfer ◽

Ammonium Salts ◽

Chiral Phase

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Synthesis of fulleropyrrolidines through the reaction of [60]fullerene with quaternary ammonium salts and amino acids

Tetrahedron Letters ◽

10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.07.097 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 50 (40) ◽

pp. 5640-5643 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Bo Jin ◽

Ru-Fang Peng ◽

Juan Shen ◽

Shi-Jin Chu

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Quaternary Ammonium ◽

Quaternary Ammonium Salts ◽

Ammonium Salts

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Nitrogen Metabolism of Amino Acids

Metabolic Pathways ◽

10.1016/b978-1-4832-2915-7.50006-6 ◽

1961 ◽

pp. 1-78 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

P.P. COHEN ◽

H.J. SALLACH

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Nitrogen Metabolism

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Nitrogen Metabolism of Amino Acids

Chemical Pathways of Metabolism ◽

10.1016/b978-1-4832-3148-8.50007-5 ◽

1954 ◽

pp. 1-46 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

P.P. COHEN

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Nitrogen Metabolism

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Kurt Albin Mothes, 3 November 1900 - 12 February 1983

Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society ◽

10.1098/rsbm.1984.0017 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 30 ◽

pp. 515-543

Keyword(s):

Plant Physiology ◽

Amino Acids ◽

Medicinal Plants ◽

Nitrogen Metabolism ◽

Physical Activities ◽

Dioecious Species ◽

Male And Female ◽

Plant Level ◽

Great Energy ◽

Early Training

Kurt Albin Mothes was truly a pioneer in the elucidation of the nitrogen metabolism of plants. His early training in pharmacy gave him an enduring interest in medicinal plants, and he was one of the first to study the formation and metabolism of alkaloids at the plant level. To many other aspects of nitrogen metabolism, such as detoxification of ammonia, the transport of amino acids, the physiology of senescence, the function of cytokinins, and the metabolic differences between male and female plants (in dioecious species), he made notable contributions. He was also a tireless summarizer, reviewer and integrator. In plant physiology in eastern Europe he was clearly the outstanding figure. He had extraordinary ability to inspire loyalty in his co-workers, and combined great energy in work with an ability to relax completely in the enjoyment of nature and of physical activities.

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Some aspects of the nitrogen metabolism of Nodularia spumigena (Cyanophyceae)

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b74-093 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 52 (4) ◽

pp. 719-726 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

E. L. Camm ◽

J. R. Stein

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Growth Rate ◽

Growth Inhibition ◽

Glutamic Acid ◽

Nitrogen Metabolism ◽

Free Medium ◽

Nodularia Spumigena ◽

Whole Cells ◽

Acid Dehydrogenase ◽

Reducing Ability

Nitrate-reducing ability, NO2−-reducing ability, and glutamic acid dehydrogenase levels were measured in two clones of Nodularia spumigena Mertens. Measurements with whole cells of both clones show that NO3− reduction is stimulated by NO3−, and that NO2− reduction is probably stimulated by NO2−. The NO3−-reducing system is stimulated by light and inhibited by NH4+. These controls and possible control over NH4+ incorporation into amino acids are compared to systems operative in other organisms.Differences in growth and physiology of the clones in growth rate on N-free medium, growth inhibition by urea, and NO2− accumulation in the medium are discussed.

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Effects of salt stress on ion balance and nitrogen metabolism in rice

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/615/2011-pse ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 58 (No. 2) ◽

pp. 62-67 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

H. Wang ◽

Z. Wu ◽

Y. Zhou ◽

J. Han ◽

D. Shi

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Salt Stress ◽

Nitrogen Metabolism ◽

Inorganic Ions ◽

Subsequent Reduction ◽

Ion Balance ◽

Rice Plants ◽

Leaves And Roots ◽

Total Amino Acids ◽

Time Point

The aim of this study was to test the effects of salt stress on nitrogen metabolism and ion balance in rice plants. The contents of inorganic ions, total amino acids, and NO3– in the stressed seedlings were then measured. The expressions of some critical genes involved in nitrogen metabolism were also assayed to test their roles in the regulation of nitrogen metabolism during adaptation of rice to salt stress. The results showed that when seedlings were subjected to salt stress for 4 h, in roots, salt stress strongly stimulated the accumulations of Na+ and Cl–, and reduced K+ content; however, in leaves, only at 5 days these changes were observed. This confirmed that the response of root to salt stress was more sensitive than that of leaf. When seedlings were subjected to salt stress for 4 h, salt stress strongly stimulated the expression of OsGS1;1, OsNADH-GOGAT, OsAS, OsGS1;3, OsGDH1, OsGDH2, OsGDH3 in both leaves and roots of rice, after this time point their expression decreased. Namely, at 5 days most of genes involved in NH4+ assimilation were downregulated by salt stress, which might be the response to NO3– change. Salt stress did not reduce NO3– contents in both roots and leaves at 4 h, whereas at 5 days salt stress mightily decreased the NO3– contents. The deficiencies of NO3– in both roots and leaves can cause a large downregulation of OsNR1 and the subsequent reduction of NH4+ production. This event might immediately induce the downregulations of the genes involved in NH4+ assimilation.

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CHANGES IN PEACH TREES (cv. RED HAVEN) ATTACKED BY TAPHRINA DEFORMANS, WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO NITROGEN METABOLISM IN INFECTED AND NON-INFECTED LEAVES

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b67-047 ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 45 (4) ◽

pp. 459-477 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Vittorio Raggi

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Nitrogen Metabolism ◽

Free Amino Acids ◽

Free Amino ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Infected Tissue ◽

Diseased Plant ◽

Glycolytic Activity ◽

Protein Amino Acids ◽

Peach Trees

Some of the changes induced by Taphrina deformans on metabolism (particularly the nitrogen metabolism) of peach leaves were studied. Observations were as follows. (1) Dry weight diminishes in the infected tissues, especially at the end of the cycle, whereas it remains almost unchanged in the non-infected tissues of the diseased plant. (2) Initially, the amount of total nitrogen, per gram of dry substance is clearly greater in the infected tissues than in the control, then it becomes lower during the differentiation of the asci, especially at the stage of full sporulation. Similar variations occur also, in a more attenuated form, in the non-infected tissues. (3) A considerable increase of the glycolytic activity is observed in the infected tissue especially during the period preceding the differentiation of the asci, and an increase of respiration, even though much more restricted, is observed also in the next period. In non-invaded tissues, an increase of glycolysis is noted along with a diminution of respiration. (4) The non-infected leaves weigh more than those of the control until the differentiation of the asci; after it, they have a clear drop up to the maturity of the asci, and a further revival at the end of the disease. (5) In the infected tissues, the content of free amino acids is always higher than in the control (with a maximum after sporulation), whereas in the non-infected ones it is generally lower. (6) The more important alterations in the pool of the free amino acids in invaded tissues consist in a scarcity, in percentage of the total, of alanine and glutamic acid, especially at the end of the disease, whereas proline, ornithine, glycine, and others increase, especially during the incubation period. In particular the glutamine–asparagines– threonine group reaches the highest value when sporulation has occurred. In the non-invaded tissues, the changes are more restricted. (7) The content of protein amino acids in infected tissues is generally lower than in the control, especially in the last phases of infection whereas in the non-invaded parts it is generally higher, except in differentiation of the asci. (8) In the infected tissue, the alterations of the quantitative relationships between the single protein amino acids (in percentage of the total) are not very great, but some diminutions and increases are recorded (diminution of alanine, glycine, leucine, etc.; increase of lysine, histidine, etc.); in the non-infected tissues, no noteworthy alterations were observed.

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