Some aspects of the nitrogen metabolism of Nodularia spumigena (Cyanophyceae)

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 719-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. L. Camm ◽  
J. R. Stein
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Nitrogen Metabolism ◽  
Free Medium ◽  
Nodularia Spumigena ◽  
Whole Cells ◽  
Acid Dehydrogenase ◽  
Reducing Ability

Nitrate-reducing ability, NO2−-reducing ability, and glutamic acid dehydrogenase levels were measured in two clones of Nodularia spumigena Mertens. Measurements with whole cells of both clones show that NO3− reduction is stimulated by NO3−, and that NO2− reduction is probably stimulated by NO2−. The NO3−-reducing system is stimulated by light and inhibited by NH4+. These controls and possible control over NH4+ incorporation into amino acids are compared to systems operative in other organisms.Differences in growth and physiology of the clones in growth rate on N-free medium, growth inhibition by urea, and NO2− accumulation in the medium are discussed.

The uptake of amino acids by mouse cells (strain LS) during growth in batch culture and chemostat culture: the influence of cell growth rate

1967 ◽  
Vol 168 (1013) ◽  
pp. 421-438 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Cell Growth ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Batch Culture ◽  
Amino Acid Uptake ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Growth Yields ◽  
Acid Uptake

The uptake of thirteen essential amino acids by mouse LS cells in suspension culture was determined by bacteriological assay methods. Chemostat continuous-flow cultures were used to determine the effect of different cell growth rates on the quantitative amino acid requirements for growth. The growth yields of the cells ( Y = g cell dry weight produced/g amino acid utilized) were calculated for each of the essential amino acids. A mixture of the non-essential amino acids, serine, alanine and glycine increased the cell yield from the essential amino acids. The growth yields from nearly all the essential amino acids in batch culture were increased when glutamic acid was substituted for the glutamine in the medium. The growth yields from the amino acids in batch culture were much less at the beginning than at the end of the culture. The highest efficiencies of conversion of amino acids to cell material were obtained by chemostat culture. When glutamic acid largely replaced the glutamine in the medium the conversion of amino acid nitrogen to cell nitrogen was 100 % efficient (that is, the theoretical yield was obtained) at the optimum growth rate (cell doubling time, 43 h). The maximum population density a given amino acid mixture will support can be calculated from the data. It is concluded that in several routinely used tissue culture media the cell growth is limited by the amino acid supply. In batch culture glutamine was wasted by (1) its spontaneous decomposition to pyrrolidone carboxylic acid and ammonia, and (2) its enzymic breakdown to glutamic acid and ammonia, but also glutamine was used less efficiently than glutamic acid. Study of the influence of cell growth rate on amino acid uptake rates per unit mass of cells indicated that a marked change in amino acid metabolism occurred at a specific growth rate of 0.4 day -1 (cell doubling time, 43 h). With decrease in specific growth rate below 0.4 day -1 there was a marked stimulation of amino acid uptake rate per cell and essential amino acids were consumed increasingly for functions other than synthesis of cell material.

STUDIES IN THE NUTRITION OF CORYNEBACTERIUM SEPEDONICUM (SPIEK. AND KOTT.) SKAPT. AND BURKH.

1951 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 246-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. MacLachlan ◽  
F. S. Thatcher
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Pantothenic Acid ◽  
Nutritional Requirements ◽  
Corynebacterium Sepedonicum

The nutritional requirements of Corynebacterium sepedonicum (Spiek. and Kott.) Skapt. and Burkh. were investigated by the use of the Warburg respiration apparatus. Pantothenic acid, in a concentration of 600 micrograms (μgm.) per liter, caused the greatest growth augmentation of nine vitamins tested. The amino acids, glutamic acid, asparagine, leucine, and lysine in concentrations of 0.001, 1. 0, 0.03, and 0.03 gm. per liter respectively, caused a marked increase in oxygen uptake, either individually or in combination. Yeast nucleic acid and thymonucleic acid had no significant effect on the growth rate of C. sepedonicum. A new medium was prepared for the isolation and maintenance of C. sepedonicum.

Transamination in homogenates of rediae of Cryptocotyle lingua and of sporocysts of Cercaria emasculans Pelseneer, 1900

Parasitology ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 499-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart D. M. Watts
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Nitrogen Metabolism ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Keto Acid ◽  
Transaminase Activity ◽  
Important Link

Transaminase activity in homogenates of larval Digenea indicates that alanine aspartic acid, glutamic acid and their α-keto acid analogues could form an important link between carbohydrate and nitrogen metabolism. As few amino acids participate in transamination it is doubtful whether this process plays a major role in protein synthesis.

Source of ammonia excreted by the gills of the marine teleost, Myoxocephalus scorpius

1961 ◽  
Vol 200 (5) ◽  
pp. 1116-1118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leon Goldstein ◽  
Roy P. Forster
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Gill Tissue ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Blood Ammonia ◽  
Marine Teleost ◽  
Acid Dehydrogenase ◽  
Tissue Homogenates ◽  
Myoxocephalus Scorpius

Measurement of ammonia concentration differences in blood entering and leaving gills showed that only about 12% of branchially excreted ammonia could be accounted for by the disappearance of blood ammonia. Gill tissue homogenates contained significant glutaminase I and glutamic acid dehydrogenase activities. The combined activity of both enzymes was more than sufficient to account for the branchially excreted ammonia. Furthermore, there was a significant deamination of blood glutamine by gill tissue. Thus, it is likely that the ammonotelism of teleosts is due to the enzymatic deamination of glutamine and other amino acids in the gill.

Effect of Molybdenum on the Nitrogen Metabolism of Rice

1974 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 251-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. K. Das Gupta ◽  
P. Basuchaudhuri
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Nitrogen Metabolism ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Rice Cultivar ◽  
Ammonium Molybdate ◽  
Soluble Nitrogen

SUMMARYThe application of molybdenum, as ammonium molybdate at 40 gm./ha. as a foliar spray, alone or in combination with 400 kg./ha. of N, as ammonium sulphate, significantly increased total and soluble nitrogen in the leaves, stem and grains of the high-yielding rice cultivar IR8. The significant increase in protein content of grains was associated with a corresponding increase in most of the protein-bound amino acids, viz. leucine, phenylalanine, methionine and valine, alanine, threonine, glutamic acid, serine and glycine, aspartic acid, lysine, arginine and histidine, asparagine and proline. Nitrogen itself considerably increased the protein content, but nitrogen in combination with molybdenum was more effective.

scholarly journals The Influence of Abomasal Supplements of Some Amino Acids and Sulphur-Containing Compounds on Wool Growth Rate

1970 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 441 ◽  
Author(s):  
PJ Reis
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Dietary Supplement ◽  
Wool Growth

Effects on wool growth rate of abomasal supplements of several amino acids (glycine, glutamic acid, arginine, lysine, and threonine) and of some sulphurcontaining compounds (L-cysteamine, sulphuric acid, and methionine hydroxy analogue) were examined. None of the abomasal supplements, apart from methionine hydroxy analogue, was effective for stimulating wool growth. Methionine hydroxy analogue did not influence wool growth rate when given as a dietary supplement.

Effect of cations on the activity of L-glutamic acid dehydrogenase

Life Sciences ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 2 (11) ◽  
pp. 834-839 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Schoffeniels ◽  
R. Gilles
Keyword(s):  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Acid Dehydrogenase

scholarly journals Molecular Weight of Chicken Liver Glutamic Acid Dehydrogenase in Relation to the Activating Effect of Methylmercuric Bromide

1963 ◽  
Vol 238 (1) ◽  
pp. PC481-PC482
Author(s):  
Kenneth S. Rogers ◽  
Paul J. Geiger ◽  
Thomas E. Thompson ◽  
Leslie Hellerman
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Chicken Liver ◽  
Acid Dehydrogenase

METHODS OF PROTEIN EXTRACTION FROM NEUROSPORA CRASSA

1964 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Stine ◽  
W. N. Strickland ◽  
R. W. Barratt
Keyword(s):  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Neurospora Crassa ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Protein Extraction ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Acid Dehydrogenase ◽  
Total Enzyme

Nine methods for disrupting the mycelium of Neurospora crassa have been compared. Protein percentages are calculated per gram dry weight of mycelium. A TPN-specific glutamic acid dehydrogenase was extracted and the efficiency of each extraction method is given as total enzyme extracted and specific activity. In terms of total protein, total enzyme, and practicality of the method, the Hughes Press, the French Press and the Raper–Hyatt Press were found to be the most efficient. The advantages and limitations of each method are considered.

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