Syncarpia and Tristaniopsis (Myrtaceae) possess specialised fire-resistant epicormic structures

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey E. Burrows
Keyword(s):  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Secondary Xylem ◽  
Outer Region ◽  
Leaf Axil ◽  
Crown Fire ◽  
Structural Adaptation ◽  
The Family

On a worldwide basis epicormic resprouting after intense or crown fire is extremely rare, but is quite common in the eucalypts. Recent research has shown that the eucalypts have a highly modified epicormic structure that provides the bud-forming tissues with excellent protection from heat. A small number of non-eucalypts from the Myrtaceae have also been recorded as post-fire epicormic resprouters and it was considered of interest to determine whether this response was achieved through a similar or different structural adaptation. Leaf axils and epicormic structures of two species of Syncarpia and three species of Tristaniopsis were examined anatomically. Although the leaf axil anatomy of Syncarpia and Tristaniopsis was quite different (and different from that of the eucalypts), the epicormic structure was similar to that of the eucalypts, as the outer region of each epicormic strand possessed several strips of cells of meristematic appearance that were best developed in the innermost bark or even the outermost secondary xylem. As Syncarpia, Tristaniopsis and the eucalypts are only distantly related to each other within the Myrtaceae, it appears that this specialised fire-adapted epicormic structure may have developed multiple times within the family or originated from a common ancestor of the family.

scholarly journals Isolation and Phylogenetic Analysis of Novel Viruses Infecting the Phytoplankton Phaeocystis globosa (Prymnesiophyceae)

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 3700-3705 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. P. D. Brussaard ◽  
S. M. Short ◽  
C. M. Frederickson ◽  
C. A. Suttle
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Dna Polymerase ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Polymerase Gene ◽  
Phaeocystis Globosa ◽  
The Family ◽  
Algal Host

ABSTRACT Viruses infecting the harmful bloom-causing alga Phaeocystis globosa (Prymnesiophyceae) were readily isolated from Dutch coastal waters (southern North Sea) in 2000 and 2001. Our data show a large increase in the abundance of putative P. globosa viruses during blooms of P. globosa, suggesting that viruses are an important source of mortality for this alga. In order to examine genetic relatedness among viruses infecting P. globosa and other phytoplankton, DNA polymerase gene (pol) fragments were amplified and the inferred amino acid sequences were phylogenetically analyzed. The results demonstrated that viruses infecting P. globosa formed a closely related monophyletic group within the family Phycodnaviridae, with at least 96.9% similarity to each other. The sequences grouped most closely with others from viruses that infect the prymnesiophyte algae Chrysochromulina brevifilum and Chrysochromulina strobilus. Whether the P. globosa viruses belong to the genus Prymnesiovirus or form a separate group needs further study. Our data suggest that, like their phytoplankton hosts, the Chrysochromulina and Phaeocystis viruses share a common ancestor and that these prymnesioviruses and their algal host have coevolved.

Structure of the secondary xylem and development of a cambial variant in Serjania mexicana (Sapindaceae)

IAWA Journal ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Kishore S. Rajput ◽  
Amit D. Gondaliya ◽  
Roger Moya
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Xylem ◽  
Secondary Growth ◽  
Stem Anatomy ◽  
The Family ◽  
Ray Cells ◽  
Cambial Variant ◽  
Proportional Increase ◽  
Plant Families ◽  
Ray Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Cambial Variants

Abstract The lianas in the family Sapindaceae are known for their unique secondary growth which differs from climbing species in other plant families in terms of their cambial variants. The present study deals with the stem anatomy of self-supporting and lianescent habit, development of phloem wedges, the ontogeny of cambial variants and structure of the secondary xylem in the stems of Serjania mexicana (L.) Willd. Thick stems (15–20 mm) were characterized by the presence of distinct phloem wedges and tangentially wide neo-formed cambial cylinders. As the stem diameter increases, there is a proportional increase in the number of phloem wedges and neo-formed vascular cylinders. The parenchymatous (pericyclic) cells external to phloem wedges that are located on the inner margin of the pericyclic fibres undergo dedifferentiation, become meristematic and form small segments of cambial cylinders. These cambia extend tangentially into wide and large segments of neoformations. Structurally, the secondary xylem and phloem of the neo-formed vascular cylinders remain similar to the derivatives produced by the regular vascular cambium. The secondary xylem is composed of vessels (wide and narrow), fibres, axial and ray parenchyma cells. The occurrence of perforated ray cells is a common feature in both regular and variant xylem.

scholarly journals Kahawai Phylogeny and Phylogenetics:  A Genetic Investigation into Commercial and Recreational Fisheries Management and Practice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Brenton Hodgson
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Coastal Communities ◽  
Commercial Fishing ◽  
Recreational Fisheries ◽  
Monophyletic Clade ◽  
Genetic Investigation ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
The Family

<p>Globally, commercially exploited fish species are coming under more and more pressure as the population of humans grow. Protein from the sea has traditionally been available to coastal communities throughout history. In modern times however, traditional artisanal fisheries have been replaced by commercial fishing industries. It is estimated by some authorities that these modern fisheries have led to decreases in pre-exploitation biomass of desirable species of up to 90%. As desirable species decline, secondary species become more valuable and subject to exploitation. An issue with this exploitation is that management decisions of fish stocks are often based on political or commercial concerns rather than sound science focussed on preserving stocks, and ultimately, fishing industries. To investigate phylogenetic and phylogeographic relationships of fish, kahawai (Arripis trutta) was used as a proxy species. A. trutta is one of only four members of the genus Arripis, which in turn is the sole member of the family Arripidae. It was found that a single, highly connected population of A. trutta inhabit New Zealand waters, and approximately 15 migrants per generation make the journey between New Zealand and Australia, genetically linking these populations. A phylogeny of A. trutta was resolved using mitochondrial DNA, and while COX1 data supported the hypothesis that A. trutta forms a monophyletic clade within the Stromateoids (medusa fish, squaretails and drift fish) and the Scombrids (tuna, mackerel and their allies) suggesting a common ancestor, other data collected during the investigation does not support this hypothesis.</p>

scholarly journals The habits and structure of pseudapocryptes lanceolatus, a fish in the first stages of structural adaptation to aerial respiration

1934 ◽  
Vol 115 (795) ◽  
pp. 422-430 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Andaman Islands ◽  
Structural Adaptation ◽  
Indian Science ◽  
Aerial Respiration ◽  
Malay Archipelago ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Ganges

Two short accounts of the habits of pseudapocryptes lanceolatus were communicated by me to the Indian Science Congress and were published in the Proceedings of the Congress, Das (1930), Das (1932). There are 11 Indian genera of the family Gobiidæ which include 89 species. The genus Pseudapocryptes has been reported from the coasts of India, Burma, the Andaman Islands, and the Malay archipelago. The specimens of pseudapocryptes lanceolatus studied were obtained from the estuary of the Ganges, Chiefly from Port Canning and Diamond Harbour, not far from Calcutta. The fish is often brought to the Calcutta market and is especially abundant during the months of October and November.

Leaf Axil Anatomy of the Araucariaceae

1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 631 ◽  
Author(s):  
GE Burrows
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Axil ◽  
Vascular Cylinder ◽  
Axillary Meristem ◽  
External Appearance ◽  
The Family ◽  
Vascular Connections

Well defined, persistent meristems, which possess neither a bud-like organisation nor vascular connections with the central vascular cylinder, were found in the apparently blank leaf axils of six species of Agathis and 13 species of Araucaria. In other conifers, leaf axils of similar external appearance are usually reported to lack, or gradually lose, any specialised bud-forming tissues. Meristems were found in all axils investigated and in this respect the Araucariaceae approach the typical angiospermous condition of a bud in each leaf axil. Evidence is presented that the type of axillary meristem ontogeny previously described for A. cunninghamii may be widespread in the family.

scholarly journals Tadpole types of Chinese megophryid frogs (Anura: Megophryidae) and implications for larval evolution

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Li ◽  
Xian-Guang Guo ◽  
Yue-Zhao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Historical Change ◽  
Recent Common Ancestor ◽  
Type B ◽  
Oral Disc ◽  
Most Recent Common Ancestor ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome B ◽  
The Family ◽  
Type C ◽  
Body Shapes

Abstract The larval body shapes and oral discs of 30 frog species from the family Megophryidae from China were examined. Using a phylogenetic framework derived from a Bayesian analysis of published mitochondrial cytochrome b and 16S rRNA gene sequences, we deduced a pattern of historical change among megophryid larval forms. These larvae were categorized into four types according to their body shapes and oral discs: (A) Leptobrachiini type, (B) Lalax type, (C) Brachytarsophrys type, and (D) Megophryini type, of which B and C are novel types. Type A is characterized by a typical oral disc with multiple rows of teeth, representing the tadpole type of the most recent common ancestor of the family Megophryidae. Type B has a typical oral disc with reduced tooth rows, an elongated labium, and integumentary glands. Type C has no labial teeth and a smaller umbelliform oral disc. Type D is characterized by a lack of labial teeth, an enlarged umbelliform oral disc, representing the tadpole of the most recent common ancestor of the subfamily Megophryinae. Our analysis supports the hypothesis that the umbelliform oral disc is apomorphic and also reveals the close association between morphology and microhabitat.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic Relationships Within the Family Potyviridae: Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus and Brome Streak Mosaic Virus Are Not Members of the Genus Rymovirus

1998 ◽  
Vol 88 (8) ◽  
pp. 782-787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Drake C. Stenger ◽  
Jeffrey S. Hall ◽  
Il-Ryong Choi ◽  
Roy French
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus ◽  
Recent Common Ancestor ◽  
Amino Acid Residues ◽  
Most Recent Common Ancestor ◽  
The Family ◽  
Eriophyid Mites

The complete nucleotide sequence of wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) has been determined based on complementary DNA clones derived from the 9,384-nucleotide (nt) RNA of the virus. The genome of WSMV has a 130-nt 5′ leader and 149-nt 3′-untranslated region and is polyadenylated at the 3′ end. WSMV RNA encodes a single polyprotein of 3,035 amino acid residues and has a deduced genome organization typical for a member of the family Potyviridae (5′-P1/HC-Pro/P3/6K1/CI/6K2/VPg-NIa/NIb/CP-3′). Because WSMV shares with ryegrass mosaic virus (RGMV) the biological property of transmission by eriophyid mites, WSMV has been assigned to the genus Rymovirus, of which RGMV is the type species. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted with complete polyprotein or NIb protein sequences of 11 members of the family Potyviridae, including viruses of monocots or dicots and viruses transmitted by aphids, whiteflies, and mites. WSMV and the monocot-infecting, mite-transmitted brome streak mosaic virus (BrSMV) are sister taxa and share a most recent common ancestor with the whitefly-transmitted sweet potato mild mottle virus, the type species of the proposed genus “Ipomovirus.” In contrast, RGMV shares a most recent common ancestor with aphid-transmitted species of the genus Potyvirus. These results indicate that WSMV and BrSMV should be classified within a new genus of the family Potyviridae and should not be considered species of the genus Rymovirus.

Floral organogenesis in Dysosma versipellis (Berberidaceae) and its systematic implications

Botany ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 359-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Zhao ◽  
Julien B. Bachelier ◽  
Xiao-hui Zhang ◽  
Yi Ren
Keyword(s):  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Floral Organogenesis ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Sister Clade ◽  
Dysosma Versipellis ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Common ◽  
Flower Ontogeny ◽  
Developmental Features

The Berberidaceae and the six other families of Ranunculales form a sister clade to all other eudicots, and are crucial to reconstructing the common ancestor of flowering plants. Previous studies have suggested that the petals of most Berberidaceae are derived from stamens, and some are thought to develop petals from common petal/stamen primordia. However, the flower ontogeny is still poorly known in the family and the presence of common primordia needs to be re-evaluated from a comparative developmental perspective. Here, we used scanning electron microscopy to study the floral development of the endemic Chinese species Dysosma versipellis (Hance) M. Cheng ex Ying, which was originally placed in Podophyllum. Our results show that the floral organs are all free and the sepals, petals, and stamens are initiated centripetally in successive and alternate trimerous pairs of whorls around a single carpel. The nectarless petals are initiated separately and do not develop from common primordia with the stamens. Floral and developmental features of D. versipellis are similar to those of most members of Berberidaceae. The regular development of multiple flowers and absence of a secondary increase in the number of stamens in Dysosma support its exclusion from Podophyllum, and this is also inferred by the DNA sequence data.

scholarly journals An Interpolation Family in the Poetics

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-190
Author(s):  
Michael M. Pozdnev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Suitable Candidate ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Common

The ms. tradition of the Poetics is a mine, quite unexpectedly, when it comes to composition on literary matters: four independent witnesses — Parisinus 1741 (A), Riccardianus 46 (B), and mediaeval translations into Latin by William of Moerbecke and Arabic by Abū-Bishr Mattā made with the help of a Syriac interlinear (not to mention the recentiores which still could prove of some stemmatic value, as for instance Par. gr. 2038, Vat. gr. 1400, Berol. Philipp. and Mon. 493) — allow in most cases for a safe reconstruction of an archetype. Common errors suggest that this text differed from the autograph in some twenty passages, largely interpolations, ranging from a couple of words to a number of phrases. Several intrusions prove to be typologically close. All of them correct what was deemed to be inaccurate or loose argumentation by inserting syntactic complements or references adding cohesion. As a result, both the style and context go largely neglected. The first paragraphs of ch. 6, central to the Poetics, suffered most. This text also came down to us in a Syriac translation having a heavily glossed uncial ms. as its source. Insertions in ch. 6 cause ‘harmonising’ additions to the following text of the treatise. The ‘family of interpolations’ under discussion is tentatively attributed to a professor of Aristotelianism of late antiquity (the most suitable candidate seems to be Themistius): a school-room copy diffused by his pupils became the common ancestor of both the extant Greek mss. of the Poetics and the reconstructed Greek sources of the mediaeval translations. A fresh collation of the Syriac text together with the evidence of variae lectiones in the oldest independent Greek mss. offer a glimpse into the workings of his mind.

scholarly journals A novel haplotype of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ found in Apiaceae and Polygonaceae family plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 156 (2) ◽  
pp. 413-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minna Haapalainen ◽  
Satu Latvala ◽  
Annika Wickström ◽  
Jinhui Wang ◽  
Minna Pirhonen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Wild Buckwheat ◽  
The Family ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter ◽  
Sequence Types ◽  
Eastern Finland

AbstractA previously unknown haplotype of the plant pathogen ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ (Lso) was found in cultivated carrots and parsnips in eastern Finland. That same haplotype was found in western Finland, over 300 km away, in the family Polygonaceae, the species Fallopia convolvulus (wild buckwheat) and Persicaria lapathifolia (pale persicaria) growing as weeds within carrot and parsnip fields. The infected plants, both apiaceous and polygonaceous, showed symptoms of foliar discolouration. This is the first report of Lso bacteria in plants of the family Polygonaceae. The finding that the polygonaceous plants infected with a previously unknown haplotype of Lso were growing among the apiaceous plants infected with Lso haplotype C suggests that these two haplotypes might be transmitted by different vectors. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the new haplotype, called haplotype H, is distinct from the previously characterized haplotypes and appears to have diverged early from their common ancestor. Multi-locus sequence analysis revealed four different sequence types (strains) within the haplotype H. These findings suggest that the haplotype H is likely to be endemic in northern Europe and that the genetic diversity within the Lso species is higher than previously assumed.

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