A Phylogeographic Analysis of Allozyme Variation among Populations of Persoonia mollis (Proteaceae)

1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siegfried L. Krauss
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Maximum Parsimony ◽  
Vegetation History ◽  
Allozyme Variation ◽  
Evolutionary Rates ◽  
Upgma Tree ◽  
History Of ◽  
Parsimony Trees ◽  
The Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
The Last Glacial

The phylogeography of 18 populations representing all nine subspecies within Persoonia mollis R.Br. (Proteaceae) was estimated from allozyme frequency data. Trees were constructed using UPGMA, maximum likelihood (CONTML) and maximum parsimony (FREQPARS) procedures. Major differences in topology between the UPGMA tree and other trees indicated that evolutionary rates are probably heterogeneous in different lineages in P. mollis, and that the UPGMA tree is inaccurate as it assumes constant evolutionary rates in all lineages. The maximum likelihood and maximum parsimony trees produced near-identical topologies. The major patterns produced by these trees included the early differentiation of subspecies maxima, the well-supported clade of all other P. mollis populations and, within this clade, the split into two clades that, although distinct, was weakly differentiated at their base. Within these two clades, there is a strong correlation between geographical distance between populations and the position of populations on the tree. These trees are consistent with a scenario of range expansion along two distinct paths in a southerly direction from northern refugia since the last glacial maximum, which is supported by data on the vegetation history of the area. These southern paths currently terminate in populations that share a hybrid zone of apparently secondary origin west of the Budawang Range.

scholarly journals Mitochondrial Genome Diversity in the Central Siberian Plateau with Particular Reference to Prehistory of Northernmost Eurasia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. V. Dryomov ◽  
A. M. Nazhmidenova ◽  
E. B. Starikovskaya ◽  
S. A. Shalaurova ◽  
N. Rohland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Area ◽  
Mtdna Sequences ◽  
The Past ◽  
South Central ◽  
Sayan Region ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mitochondrial Genome Diversity ◽  
The Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
Complete Mtdna ◽  
The Last Glacial

AbstractThe Central Siberian Plateau was last geographic area in Eurasia to become habitable by modern humans after the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Through comprehensive mitochondrial DNA genomes retained in indigenous Siberian populations, the Ket, Tofalar, and Todzhi - we explored genetic links between the Yenisei-Sayan region and Northeast Eurasia over the last 10,000 years. Accordingly, we generated 218 new complete mtDNA sequences and placed them into compound phylogenies along with 7 newly obtained and 70 published ancient mt genomes. Our findings reflect the origins and expansion history of mtDNA lineages that evolved in South-Central Siberia, as well as multiple phases of connections between this region and distant parts of Eurasia. Our result illustrates the importance of jointly sampling modern and prehistoric specimens to fully measure the past genetic diversity and to reconstruct the process of peopling of the high latitudes of the Siberian subcontinent.

scholarly journals Morphology and late Cenozoic (<5 Ma) glacial history of the area between David and Mawson Glaciers, Victoria Land, Antarctica

1994 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 55-60
Author(s):  
Anja L.L.M. Verbers ◽  
Volkmar Damm
Keyword(s):  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Topographic Map ◽  
Glacial History ◽  
Ice Surface ◽  
Victoria Land ◽  
Radio Echo Sounding ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
The Last Glacial

Glacio-geological field work and radar ice-thickness sounding were carried out in the area between David and Mawson Glaciers. A subglacial topographic map has been compiled from radio-echo-sounding data. The northern part of this map shows that the trench of David Glacier reaches a depth of more than 1000 m below sea level. The area south of David Glacier comprises a landscape of nunatak clusters dissected by glaciated valleys with ice thicknesses as much as 800 m. Subglacial cirques occur at the outer margins of the nunatak clusters. A model for the regional glacial history is proposed. It starts with a major deglaciation in the Pliocene, which results in marine transgression in basins west of the Transantarctic Mountains. During the late Pliocene, the ice advanced towards the northeast, depositing a thin layer of (Sirius Group) till containing reworked mid-Pliocene marine diatoms. Due to accelerated mountain uplift, the ice cut iIlto the pre-Pliocene peneplain, eroding broad valleys. A period of ice-sheet retreat followed to expose a landscape of large nunataks separated by wide valleys. During this period, local cirque glaciation occurred. When the ice sheet advanced again, another phase of uplift forced the glaciers to cut deeper into the valleys. Probably since the Last Glacial Maximum the ice surface has lowered by about 100 m.

scholarly journals A brief history of climate – the northern seas from the Last Glacial Maximum to global warming

2014 ◽  
Vol 106 ◽  
pp. 225-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tor Eldevik ◽  
Bjørg Risebrobakken ◽  
Anne E. Bjune ◽  
Carin Andersson ◽  
H. John B. Birks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
Glacial Maximum ◽  
Last Glacial ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
The Last Glacial

A new subspecies of Finlayson’s squirrel from an isolated island offshore of the Indochina Peninsula in southern Vietnam

Mammalia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Duong Thuy Vu ◽  
Son Truong Nguyen ◽  
Masaharu Motokawa ◽  
Tu Ngoc Ly ◽  
Phuong Huy Dang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Of Thailand ◽  
Small Islands ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome ◽  
Indochina Peninsula ◽  
New Subspecies ◽  
Southern Vietnam ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Gulf Of Thailand ◽  
The Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
The Last Glacial

Abstract We describe a new subspecies of Finlayson’s squirrel (Callosciurus finlaysonii) from Hon Nghe Island in the Gulf of Thailand. This island is located off the coast of southern Vietnam. In addition, we discussed the phylogenetic relationships among C. finlaysonii subspecies distributed on the isolated islands in the Gulf of Thailand. The new subspecies (C. finlaysonii honnghensis), which is endemic to Hon Nghe Island, differs from other C. finlaysonii subspecies in pelage colouration. The mitochondrial cytochrome b sequences showed that this squirrel is closely related to C. finlaysonii albivexilli and C. finlaysonii frandseni, which are endemic to the Koh Kut and Koh Chang islands, respectively, suggesting that the three subspecies diverged approximately 30,000 years ago. After the last glacial maximum, many small islands were formed by the sea level rise in the Gulf of Thailand, which was a consequence of global warming. Following the continuous fragmentation of the Sunda Continent, each C. finlaysonii subspecies could have evolved in each geographically isolated island in this gulf. Thus, studying C. finlaysonii subspecies may be used to track the recent geological history of the Gulf of Thailand.

scholarly journals Morphology and late Cenozoic (<5 Ma) glacial history of the area between David and Mawson Glaciers, Victoria Land, Antarctica

1994 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 55-60
Author(s):  
Anja L.L.M. Verbers ◽  
Volkmar Damm
Keyword(s):  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Topographic Map ◽  
Glacial History ◽  
Ice Surface ◽  
Victoria Land ◽  
Radio Echo Sounding ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
The Last Glacial

Glacio-geological field work and radar ice-thickness sounding were carried out in the area between David and Mawson Glaciers. A subglacial topographic map has been compiled from radio-echo-sounding data. The northern part of this map shows that the trench of David Glacier reaches a depth of more than 1000 m below sea level. The area south of David Glacier comprises a landscape of nunatak clusters dissected by glaciated valleys with ice thicknesses as much as 800 m. Subglacial cirques occur at the outer margins of the nunatak clusters. A model for the regional glacial history is proposed. It starts with a major deglaciation in the Pliocene, which results in marine transgression in basins west of the Transantarctic Mountains. During the late Pliocene, the ice advanced towards the northeast, depositing a thin layer of (Sirius Group) till containing reworked mid-Pliocene marine diatoms. Due to accelerated mountain uplift, the ice cut iIlto the pre-Pliocene peneplain, eroding broad valleys. A period of ice-sheet retreat followed to expose a landscape of large nunataks separated by wide valleys. During this period, local cirque glaciation occurred. When the ice sheet advanced again, another phase of uplift forced the glaciers to cut deeper into the valleys. Probably since the Last Glacial Maximum the ice surface has lowered by about 100 m.

scholarly journals Genomic evidence for the Old divergence of Southern European wolf populations

2020 ◽  
Vol 287 (1931) ◽  
pp. 20201206
Author(s):  
Pedro Silva ◽  
Marco Galaverni ◽  
Diego Ortega-Del Vecchyo ◽  
Zhenxin Fan ◽  
Romolo Caniglia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Canis Lupus ◽  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Demographic History ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Divergence Times ◽  
Single Population ◽  
History Of ◽  
Fragmented Distribution ◽  
The Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
The Last Glacial

The grey wolf ( Canis lupus ) is one of the most widely distributed mammals in which a variety of distinct populations have been described. However, given their currently fragmented distribution and recent history of human-induced population decline, little is known about the events that led to their differentiation. Based on the analysis of whole canid genomes, we examined the divergence times between Southern European wolf populations and their ancient demographic history. We found that all present-day Eurasian wolves share a common ancestor ca 36 000 years ago, supporting the hypothesis that all extant wolves derive from a single population that subsequently expanded after the Last Glacial Maximum. We also estimated that the currently isolated European populations of the Iberian Peninsula, Italy and the Dinarics-Balkans diverged very closely in time, ca 10 500 years ago, and maintained negligible gene flow ever since. This indicates that the current genetic and morphological distinctiveness of Iberian and Italian wolves can be attributed to their isolation dating back to the end of the Pleistocene, predating the recent human-induced extinction of wolves in Central Europe by several millennia.

scholarly journals Comparative phylogeography and niche modeling for three species complexes of SE China (Paradoxornis spp., Pycnonotus spp., Spizixos spp.)

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 943-950 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke B. Klicka ◽  
Luke C. Campillo ◽  
Joseph D. Manthey ◽  
Yanhua Qu
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
Niche Modeling ◽  
Southeastern China ◽  
Evolutionary Patterns ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
Divergence Dating ◽  
Phylogeographic History ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
The Last Glacial

Abstract Contrasting multiple organisms with similar contemporary distributions, researchers can identify shared evolutionary patterns and provide historical context for community composition. We used three species complexes with overlapping distributions in Southeastern China and surrounding islands to explore the phylogeographic history of the region. Despite similar geographic distributions, genetic data revealed few congruent patterns, but all complexes displayed genetic divergence for Taiwanese populations. Additionally, niche modeling and divergence dating did not find support for diversification associated with the Last Glacial Maximum.

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