Some morphological and anatomical features of the Monotypic genus Bryobartramia Sainsbury (Musci)

1977 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 141 ◽  
Author(s):  
IG Stone
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Monotypic Genus ◽  
Anatomical Features

Some previously unreported features of the moss Bryobartramia including details of the development of its remarkable inflated epigonium are described. A comparison is made with two other genera, Trachycarpidium and Encalypta, with some discussion on the possible phylogenetic relationships of Bryobartramia.

ADAPTATIONS OF GALL WASPS OF THE GENUS DIPLOLEPIS (HYMENOPTERA: CYNIPIDAE) AND THE ROLE OF GALL ANATOMY IN CYNIPID SYSTEMATICS

1993 ◽  
Vol 125 (S165) ◽  
pp. 139-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.D. Shorthouse
Keyword(s):  
Host Specificity ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Organ Specificity ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Gall Wasps ◽  
Structural Differences

AbstractAdaptations and attributes of gall-inducing cynipid wasps are reviewed to emphasize that differences in life cycles and anatomical features of their galls are just as useful for systematic purposes as are structural differences in the adult insects themselves. The extent to which cynipid wasps have specialized is illustrated by the genus Diplolepis, all species of which are restricted to native and introduced roses and induce structurally distinct galls. Various aspects of Diplolepis biology including life cycles, host specificity, and gall development and anatomy are reviewed. The biologies of two species of Diplolepis that commonly co-exist in the same habitat in central Ontario are then examined in detail. Diplolepis polita (Ashmead) induces a single-chambered gall on the leaves of Rosa acicularis Lindl. whereas Diplolepis spinosa (Ashmead) induces a multi-chambered gall on the stems of Rosa blanda Ait. Differences in life cycles, distribution, host and organ specificity, oviposition, gall initiation and development, along with differences in the communities of parasitoids and inquilines attracted to the galls, confirm the existence of distinct species and allow some speculation on their ecological and phylogenetic relationships.

scholarly journals Mastigotragus, a new generic name for Mastigoteuthis pyrodes Young, 1972 (Cephalopoda: Mastigoteuthidae)

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard E. Young ◽  
Michael Vecchione ◽  
Heather E. Braid
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Monotypic Genus ◽  
The Family ◽  
Great Progress

A recent paper on the phylogenetic relationships of species within the cephalopod family Mastigoteuthidae made great progress in stabilizing the classification of the family. The authors, however, left the generic placement of Mastigoteuthis pyrodes unresolved. This problem is corrected here by placing this species in a new monotypic genus, Mastigotragus, based on unique structures of the photophores and the funnel/mantle locking apparatus.

A systematic revision of the New Zealand longicorn beetle genus Drototelus Broun (Coleoptera : Cerambycidae : Cerambycinae)

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiao Wang ◽  
Wen Lu
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Dead Wood ◽  
Sister Species ◽  
Monotypic Genus ◽  
Systematic Revision ◽  
Species Relationship ◽  
Longicorn Beetle ◽  
One New Species

The New Zealand endemic longicorn beetle genus Drototelus Broun is revised. The scope of the genus is redefined. The monotypic genus Neocalliprason Brookes is synonymised with Drototelus. Two known species, D. politus Broun and D. elegans (Brookes), are redescribed and one new species, D. rarus, is described. These changes have brought the number of Drototelus species to three. Distribution and biology are noted for each species. Adults are diurnally active flower-visitors, and larvae are dead-wood feeders. Phylogenetic relationships of these species are cladistically analysed, confirming the monophyly of the revised genus and determining the sister-species relationship between D. politus and D. rarus.

A new black-bellied snake (Pseudoxyrhophiinae: Liophidium) from western Madagascar, with notes on the genus Pararhadinaea

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Vences ◽  
Neil D'Cruze ◽  
Michael Franzen ◽  
Frank Glaw ◽  
Achille Raselimanana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Ventral Side ◽  
Lower Number ◽  
Monotypic Genus ◽  
Predominantly Black ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Dry Deciduous Forest ◽  
A New Species

AbstractWe describe Liophidium maintikibo, a new species of pseudoxyrhophiine snake from the dry deciduous forest of Kirindy, western Madagascar. The new species is related to Liophidium therezieni but differs by a lower number of ventral scales and several details of colouration. Its ventral scales have a large central black patch which is missing from the subcaudals. This predominantly black ventral side is similar to that of another enigmatic Malagasy snake, Pararhadinaea melanogaster, for which we here present evidence for two new locality records, Ankarana and Daraina in northern Madagascar. The phylogenetic relationships of P. melanogaster (the sole representative of a monotypic genus) have so far not been clarified. Similarities to Liophidium maintikibo may indicate affinities to Liophidium, but P. melanogaster differs from this new species by a lower number of ventrals, subcaudals, number of maxillary teeth and by a different dorsal colouration.

A revision of the Neotropical genus Sacosternum Hansen (Hydrophilidae: Sphaeridiinae: Megasternini)

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2538 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARTIN FIKÁČEK ◽  
ANDREW E. Z. SHORT
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
French Guiana ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Monotypic Genus ◽  
Army Ants ◽  
Morphological Adaptations ◽  
Unidentified Species ◽  
Eleven Species

The previously monotypic genus Sacosternum Hansen, 1989 is revised and redefined. Eleven species are recognized, of which eight are described as new: Sacosternum auribleps sp. n. (Brazil), S. cruciphallus sp. n. (Panama), S. delta sp. n. (Brazil, Paraguay); S. emissarium sp. n. (Costa Rica), S. epulum sp. n. (Brazil), S. garciai sp. n. (Costa Rica, Panama, Venezuela); S. inconnivum sp. n. (Costa Rica, Panama), and S. lebbinorum sp. n. (French Guiana, Peru, Brazil). Sacosternum megalopus Hansen, 1989 is newly recorded from Costa Rica. Two species, referred to as Sacosternum sp. A (Peru) and S. sp. B (Costa Rica) are left undescribed pending on the collecting of males. Additional unidentified specimens are recorded from Mexico (Veracruz State), Guatemala, Costa Rica, Panama, and Venezuela. A key to known species of the genus is provided, important characters are illustrated. A reconstruction of the phylogenetic relationships of Sacosternum species is performed, based on 51 adult morphological characters. The genus Sacosternum is decisively resolved as monophyletic based on six unique synapomorphies. Three species (S. epulum sp. n., S. lebbinorum sp. n. and an unidentified species of the “S. cruciphallus complex”) were collected in association with ecitonine army ants of the genera Eciton and Labidius. The possible preference of the Sacosternum species for the organic-rich leaf litter below the bivouacs of these ants is hypothesized from their label data and possible morphological adaptations are discussed.

Overview of the generic status of Acacia (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae)

2003 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. R. Maslin ◽  
J. T. Miller ◽  
D. S. Seigler
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Monotypic Genus ◽  
Chloroplast Genes ◽  
Systematic Treatment ◽  
Generic Status ◽  
Distinct Genus ◽  
Current Classification ◽  
Cladistic Analyses

The systematic treatment and circumscription of the group of plants presently recognised as the genus Acacia has a complex history. The genus was first described by Philip Miller in 1754 and until 1842, when George Bentham clearly defined it's generic limits (by restricting the name Acacia to mimosoid plants having numerous free stamens), a number of species which are now referable to genera within tribes Ingeae and Mimoseae had been referred to it. As presently defined, Acacia is a cosmopolitan genus containing in excess of 1350 species and together with the monotypic genus Faidherbia Chev. (which occurs in Africa and the Middle East), comprises tribe Acacieae within subfamily Mimosoideae. The current classification of Acacia views the genus as comprising three large subgenera, namely subg. Acacia (c. 161 species, pantropical), subg. Aculeiferum Vassal (235 species; pantropical) and subg. Phyllodineae (DC.) Seringe (syn. subg. Heterophyllum Vassal) (960 species, largely confined to Australia). In 1986, Pedley proposed that these three subgenera be attributed generic rank, namely Acacia, Senegalia Rafinesque and Racosperma C.Martius, respectively, but this proposal was not widely adopted. Subsequently, the results of monographic and floristic works have greatly expanded knowledge, not only of Acacia, but also of its presumed relatives in tribes Ingeae and Mimoseae. Cladistic analyses of chloroplast genes have been especially informative in developing a better understanding of phylogenetic relationships of the group. The new data clearly show that the genus as presently defined (i.e. Acacia sens. lat.) is not monophyletic. Furthermore, five separate monophyletic groups can be recognised within Acacia sens. lat. and it is recommended that these each be recognised as a distinct genus. The five genera correspond to those recognised by Pedley, except that Senegalia sens. lat. is now regarded as comprising three genera, namely Senegalia sens. str., Acaciella Britton & Rose [based on Acacia subg. Aculeiferum sect. Filicinae (Benth.) Pedley] and an undescribed genus based on a group of species related to Acacia coulteri Benth. Acacia subg. Acacia appears to be located in tribe Mimoseae. The relationships of subg. Phyllodineae, subg. Aculeiferum sens. str., sect. Filicinae, the 'Acacia coulteri' group and Faidherbia are not fully resolved, although in all studies these groups are shown to be monophyletic. Although it is appropriate that each be recognised as a distinct genus, the application of the names Acacia and Racosperma is currently under consideration and it is therefore not appropriate to use these names until this matter is resolved.

Scelidosaurus harrisonii (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from the Early Jurassic of Dorset, England: biology and phylogenetic relationships

2020 ◽  
Vol 191 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-86
Author(s):  
David B Norman
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Sensory Systems ◽  
Critical Assessment ◽  
Transverse Displacement ◽  
High Angle ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Lower Jaw ◽  
Locomotor Ability ◽  
Limb Proportions

Abstract A layer of keratinous scutes encased the skull of Scelidosaurus. The neurocranium and the associated principal sensory systems of this dinosaur are described. The cranial musculature is reconstructed and a subsequent functional analysis suggests that jaw motion was orthal, allowing pulping of vegetation and some high-angle shearing between opposing teeth. Wishboning of the lower jaw was enabled by transverse displacement of the quadrates, and the long-axis mandibular torsion that occurred during the chewing cycle was permitted by flexibility at the dentary symphysis. Limb proportions and pectoral and pelvic musculature reconstructions suggest that Scelidosaurus was a facultative quadruped of ‘average’ locomotor ability. It retained some anatomical features indicative of a bipedal-cursorial ancestry. Hindlimb motion was oblique-to-parasagittal to accommodate the girth of the abdomen. Scelidosaurus used a combination of costal and abdominally driven aspiration. The hypothesis that respiration was an ‘evolutionary driver’ of opisthopuby in all dinosaurs is overly simplistic. A critical assessment of datasets used to analyse the systematics of ornithischians (and thyreophoran subclades) has led to a revised dataset that positions Scelidosaurus as a stem ankylosaur, rather than a stem thyreophoran. The value of phylogenetic definitions is reconsidered in the light of the new thyreophoran cladogram.

Taxonomic revision of Paramyiolia Shiraki (Diptera: Tephritidae) with analyses of their phylogenetic relationships

1996 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 377-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ho-Yeon Han
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Type Species ◽  
New World ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Monotypic Genus ◽  
Species Descriptions

AbstractThe previously monotypic genus, Paramyiolia Shiraki, is redefined based on the type species, P. takeuchii Shiraki, plus three species formerly known as Anomoia cornuta Ito, Myoleja rhino Steyskal, and Myoleja nigricornis (Doane). A key to the species, descriptions and illustrations are presented, and their phylogenetic relationships are analyzed. Paramyiolia is here placed in the Chetostoma group (Trypetinae, Trypetini), which includes four additional genera: Anomoia Walker, Chetostoma Rondani, Myoleja Rondani (s. str.), and Montiludia Ito. Hypothesized synapomorphies for the Chetostoma group are also discussed. In addition, the taxonomic status of New World tephritids formerly placed in Myoleja is clarified, resulting in the following nomenclatural changes: transfer of Myoleja limata (Coquillett), Acidia fallax Johnson, and Hamouchaeta ogloblini Blanchard to Parastenopa Hendel and synonymization of Hamouchaeta Blanchard with Parastenopa.

scholarly journals Systematic Placement of the Enigmatic Southeast Asian Genus Paralamium and an Updated Phylogeny of Tribe Pogostemoneae (Lamiaceae Subfamily Lamioideae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Zhao ◽  
Yi-Wen Wu ◽  
Bryan T. Drew ◽  
Gang Yao ◽  
Ya-Ping Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chloroplast Dna ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Systematic Position ◽  
Monotypic Genus ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Generic Level ◽  
Phylogenetic Placement ◽  
Dichotomous Key ◽  
Generic Relationships

Paralamium (Lamiaceae) is a monotypic genus within the subfamily Lamioideae and has a sporadic distribution in subtropical mountains of southeast Asia. Although recent studies have greatly improved our understanding of generic relationships within Lamioideae, the second most species-rich subfamily of Lamiaceae, the systematic position of Paralamium within the subfamily remains unclear. In this study, we investigate the phylogenetic placement of the genus using three datasets: (1) a 69,276 bp plastome alignment of Lamiaceae; (2) a five chloroplast DNA region dataset of tribe Pogostemoneae, and (3) a nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region dataset of Pogostemoneae. These analyses demonstrate that Paralamium is a member of Pogostemoneae and sister to the monotypic genus Craniotome. In addition, generic-level phylogenetic relationships within Pogostemoneae are also discussed, and a dichotomous key for genera within Pogostemoneae is provided.

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