Microwave-Assisted Conversion of Fructose to 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural Using Sulfonated Porous Carbon Derived from Biomass

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiufeng Wang ◽  
Jiaqi Hao ◽  
Zhenbo Zhao

In this study, a series of sulfonated carbon solid acid catalysts was prepared by a template method using fructose as the carbon source and zinc chloride as the catalyst and template. The reaction involving fructose dehydration to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) was investigated using these catalysts with microwave assistance in dimethyl sulfoxide. The influence of different catalysts, catalyst amount, microwave power, fructose content, and reaction temperature, as well as the reusability of the catalyst, were investigated. The prepared catalysts were characterised by X-ray diffraction, FT-IR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, nitrogen adsorption–desorption measurement, and temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia gas, and the total numbers of surface acid sites of these carbon-based solid acid catalysts were analysed by chemical adsorption–desorption of ammonia along with the standard curve for ammonia. The results revealed that the C2-SO3H catalyst exhibited the best activity. A 5-HMF yield of 87 % and fructose conversion of 99 % were achieved at 170°C in DMSO after 3 min. The microwave-assisted synthetic strategy was advantageous compared with the traditional method because this approach could shorten the total reaction time.

Author(s):  
Yutian Qin ◽  
Jun Guo ◽  
Meiting Zhao

AbstractBiomass is a green and producible source of energy and chemicals. Hence, developing high-efficiency catalysts for biomass utilization and transformation is urgently demanded. Metal–organic framework (MOF)-based solid acid materials have been considered as promising catalysts in biomass transformation. In this review, we first introduce the genre of Lewis acid and Brønsted acid sites commonly generated in MOFs or MOF-based composites. Then, the methods for the generation and adjustment of corresponding acid sites are overviewed. Next, the catalytic applications of MOF-based solid acid materials in various biomass transformation reactions are summarized and discussed. Furthermore, based on our personal insights, the challenges and outlook on the future development of MOF-based solid acid catalysts are provided. We hope that this review will provide an instructive roadmap for future research on MOFs and MOF-based composites for biomass transformation.


ChemInform ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 38 (44) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shainaz M. Landge ◽  
Valentina Atanassova ◽  
Muralidhara Thimmaiah ◽  
Bela Toeroek

2010 ◽  
Vol 51 (10) ◽  
pp. 1356-1360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurore Richel ◽  
Pascal Laurent ◽  
Bernard Wathelet ◽  
Jean-Paul Wathelet ◽  
Michel Paquot

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (8) ◽  
pp. 719-728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indika Thushari ◽  
Sandhya Babel

Waste utilization is essential and challenging. Utilization of wastes gives environmental, economic, and social benefits. In this study, inexpensive, sulfonated solid acid catalysts were successfully prepared from palm empty fruit bunch (PEFB), coconut meal residue (CMR), and coconut coir husk (CH) waste by a simple protocol. It was found that prepared PEFB–BCS–SO3H, CMR–BCS–SO3H, and CH–BCS–SO3H catalysts have 4.79, 3.75, and 2.80 mmol g-1 acid density and 739.0, 89.77, and 61.49 m2 g-1 surface areas, respectively. Further, the presence of active functional groups on the surface of the catalysts was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Thermal stability of the catalysts was found below 150°C. Results show that biodiesel yield increases with increasing reaction time and methanol loading, when using microwave heating for biodiesel production from waste palm oil (WPO) and prepared catalysts. A maximum biodiesel yield of 95.5% was obtained by PEFB–BCS–SO3H in 60 minutes using 20:1 methanol:oil (molar ratio) at 70°C. CMR–BCS–SO3H and CH–BCS–SO3H obtained 88.7 and 88.5% biodiesel yields in 60 minutes, using 20:1 and 16:1 methanol:oil (molar ratio), at 70 and 110°C, respectively. Even though, the activity of the catalysts decreased during reuse, these are still of interest as the waste biomass of PEFB, CMR, and CH can be used for catalyst preparation and microwave-assisted biodiesel production from WPO.


2007 ◽  
Vol 48 (29) ◽  
pp. 5161-5164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shainaz M. Landge ◽  
Valentina Atanassova ◽  
Muralidhara Thimmaiah ◽  
Béla Török

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (128) ◽  
pp. 106053-106060 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Wang ◽  
Ting Qu ◽  
Minsi Liang ◽  
Zhenbo Zhao

Microwave assisted efficient conversion of fructose into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural over solid acid catalysts in a very short reaction time.


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