Bistetrachloronitrophenylmercury compounds

1975 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 1499 ◽  
Author(s):  
GB Deacon ◽  
JM Miller ◽  
BSF Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Sulphonic Acid ◽  
Sodium Sulphite ◽  
Barium Salt ◽  
Iodide Ions ◽  
Acid Cleavage ◽  
Mercuric Salt

The bistetrachloronitrophenylmercurials R2Hg (R = o-, m- or p-O2NC6Cl4) have been prepared by mercuration of the appropriate tetrachloronitrobenzenes with mercuric trifluoroacetate under forcing conditions. Bis(2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-4-nitrophenyl)mercury could not be obtained analytically pure by this method, but pyrolysis of mercuric 2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-4-nitrobenzenesulphonate gave the pure mercurial. Sodium 2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-4-nitrobenzenesulphonate was prepared by reaction of 2,3,5,6- tetrachloro-1,4-dinitrobenzene with sodium sulphite, and was converted into the mercuric salt via the barium salt and free sulphonic acid. Cleavage of the bistetrachloronitrophenylmer- curials with iodine in N,N-dimethylformamide gave the corresponding tetrachloroiodonitrobenzenes. When the mercurials were cleaved with triiodide ions, the resulting tetrachloroiodonitrobenzenes contained impurities, e.g. tetrachloronitrobenzenes or tetrachlorodiiodobenzenes, which were formed by reaction of iodide ions (derived from I3-) either with the mercurials or with their cleavage products.

Sodium sulphite pulping of Scots pine under neutral and mildly alkaline conditions (NS pulping)

Holzforschung ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 70 (7) ◽  
pp. 603-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saara Hanhikoski ◽  
Elina Warsta ◽  
Antero Varhimo ◽  
Klaus Niemelä ◽  
Tapani Vuorinen
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Kappa Number ◽  
Sulphonic Acid ◽  
Sodium Sulphite ◽  
Residual Lignin ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Alkaline Conditions ◽  
Ph Range

Abstract Sodium sulphite pulping of Scots pine chips in the initial pH range of 7.5–9 was investigated at 180°C and 165°C (for 120–240 min), using chemical charges between 25 and 50% and anthraquinone (AQ) charges 0–0.2%. As a result, pulps with yields of 52–73% and kappa numbers of 35–106 were produced. Delignification was accelerated by higher Na2SO3 charges and temperatures, and by AQ addition, whereas the effect of initial pH was negligible. The high pulp yields at a given kappa number were attributable to high retention of hemicelluloses, especially that of galactoglucomannan. The relatively low viscosities of pulps were apparently caused by depolymerisation of cellulose by sulphite. The sulphonic acid groups in the pulps correlated well with the residual lignin content, although some sulphonation of polysaccharides may also be possible. The results indicate that pulping of softwood in buffer-free (without Na2CO3 and/or NaOH) sodium sulphite liquor may result in pulps with tailored characteristics.

STUDIES IN THE FORMATION OF DDT

1947 ◽  
Vol 25b (6) ◽  
pp. 509-524
Author(s):  
T. A. Eastwood ◽  
D. L. Garmaise ◽  
D. J. Morantz ◽  
C. A. Winkler
Keyword(s):  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Side Reaction ◽  
Sulphonic Acid ◽  
Barium Salt ◽  
Molar Amount ◽  
Sulphuric Acid Concentration

In the condensation of chloral and chlorobenzene in sulphuric acid to yield DDT, the yield of DDT is increased and the rate of formation of DDT decreased by (1) decreased sulphuric acid concentration, (2) decreased molar amount of sulphuric acid, and (3) lowered temperatures. Reversible sulphonation of chlorobenzene is the major side reaction; the presence of 4-chlorobenzene-sulphonic acid reduces the extent of this reaction. Increased yields (based on chloral) can be obtained by using excess chlorobenzene. A mechanism is proposed involving 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethanol, which has been isolated from the reaction, and 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-tricholorethyl bisulphate, whose barium salt reacts with chlorobenzene in sulphuric acid to give DDT.

The formation of sulphonic acids from the reactions of reducing sugars with sulphite

1962 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 342 ◽  
Author(s):  
DL Ingles
Keyword(s):  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Sulphonic Acid ◽  
Sodium Sulphite

β-Sulphopropionic acid has been isolated from the reaction of glucose or fructose with sodium sulphite. The source of this acid has been studied by using glucose-1-, -2-, and -6-[14C]. A sulphonic acid, probably 3,4-dideoxy-4-sulpho-D-hexosone, has been isolated from the reaction of glucose with sulphite at pH 6.5. The mechanism of the formation of this acid is discussed.

RATES OF REACTION OF HYPOCHLORITE IONS WITH SULPHITE AND IODIDE IONS

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (12) ◽  
pp. 3013-3020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. W. Lister ◽  
P. Rosenblum
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Sodium Iodide ◽  
Hypochlorous Acid ◽  
Sodium Sulphite ◽  
Acid Form ◽  
Iodide Ions ◽  
Rapid Flow

The rates of reaction of sodium hypochlorite with sodium iodide and sodium sulphite have been measured by means of a rapid-flow technique. The measurements were made over a range of temperature and hydroxide concentrations, and show that the actual slow steps of the reactions are [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]and[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]with time in seconds.The decomposition of hypoiodite ions was also measured.These results, and those for other reactions of hypochlorite ions, or hypochlorous acid, form a series similar to the reactions of peroxides. It is found that the regularities observed for peroxides apply to some extent to the present reactions, and other possible regularities are also examined.

Fluorocitrate Neural Dystrophy of the Guinea Pig Cochlea

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 368-369
Author(s):  
G.J. Spector ◽  
C.D. Carr ◽  
I. Kaufman Arenberg ◽  
R.H. Maisel
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Hair Cells ◽  
Sodium Phosphate ◽  
Sensory Cells ◽  
Barium Salt ◽  
Perfusion Medium ◽  
Cochlear Hair Cells ◽  
Neural Degeneration ◽  
Sodium Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Cochlear Neurons

All studies on primary neural degeneration in the cochlea have evaluated the end stages of degeneration or the indiscriminate destruction of both sensory cells and cochlear neurons. We have developed a model which selectively simulates the dystrophic changes denoting cochlear neural degeneration while sparing the cochlear hair cells. Such a model can be used to define more precisely the mechanism of presbycusis or the hearing loss in aging man.Twenty-two pigmented guinea pigs (200-250 gm) were perfused by the perilymphatic route as live preparations using fluorocitrate in various concentrations (15-250 ug/cc) and at different incubation times (5-150 minutes). The barium salt of DL fluorocitrate, (C6H4O7F)2Ba3, was reacted with 1.0N sulfuric acid to precipitate the barium as a sulfate. The perfusion medium was prepared, just prior to use, as follows: sodium phosphate buffer 0.2M, pH 7.4 = 9cc; fluorocitrate = 15-200 mg/cc; and sucrose = 0.2M.

IONIC EFFECTS ON THE UPTAKE OF CHLOROMERCURIBENZENE-p-SULPHONIC ACID BY PANCREATIC ISLETS

1977 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 552-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Söderberg ◽  
Inge-Bert Täljedal
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Islets ◽  
Islet Cell ◽  
Choline Chloride ◽  
Inorganic Ions ◽  
Sulphonic Acid ◽  
Cell Uptake ◽  
Β Cells ◽  
Sulphydryl Groups ◽  
Microdissected Pancreatic Islets ◽  
Ionic Effects

ABSTRACT Effects of inorganic ions on the uptake of chloromercuribenzene-p-sulphonic acid (CMBS) were studied in microdissected pancreatic islets of non-inbred ob/ob-mice. Na2SO4 stimulated the total islet cell uptake of CMBS but decreased the amount of CMBS remaining in islets after brief washing with L-cysteine. CaCl2 stimulated both the total and the cysteine-non-displaceable uptake; the stimulatory effect of CaCl2 on the cysteine-non-displaceable CMBS uptake was counteracted by Na2SO4. NaCl, KCl or choline chloride had no significant effect on the total islet cell uptake of CMBS, whereas LiCl was stimulatory. It is concluded that β-cells resemble erythrocytes in having a permeation path for CMBS that is inhibited by SO42−. By analogy with existing models of the erythrocyte membrane, it is suggested that the SO42−-sensitive path leads to sulphydryl groups controlling monovalent cationic permeability in β-cells.

An Efficient Synthesis of 2-Substituted Quinazolin-4(3H)-ones by Using Recyclable Wang Resin Supported Sulfonic Acid Catalyst

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalyani K. ◽  
Srinivasa Reddy Kallam
Keyword(s):  
Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Sulphonic Acid ◽  
Isatoic Anhydride ◽  
Efficient Synthesis ◽  
Wang Resin ◽  
Polymer Supported ◽  
High Yields

Abstract:: An efficient synthesis of 2-substituted Quinazolin-4(3H)-ones has been developed from isatoic anhydride with various amidoximes by using recyclable polymer supported sulphonic acid catalyst. Excellent functional group compatibil-ity and high yields are the important features of this protocol.

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