Effect of inoculation method on rhizobium survival and plant nodulation under adverse conditions

1977 ◽  
Vol 17 (85) ◽  
pp. 308 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Philpotts
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Gum Arabic ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
High Relative Humidity ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Arabic Gum ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
Cent Relative Humidity ◽  
Series Of Experiments

In a series of experiments, different inoculation methods applied to seeds of Glycine wightii were compared for their effect on survival of rhizobia (Rhizobium sp.) under various conditions: high temperature with and without high relative humidity, exposure to sunlight, and contact with superphosphate. Seeds were inoculated with peat inoculum in gum arabic (gum treatment), in gum arabic plus a coating of lime or rock phosphate, or with peat inoculum in water (slurry). When subjected to 50�C for eight hours a day, survival of the cowpea-type Rhizobium strain CB756 was poorer at 75 per cent relative humidity than at 40 per cent. CB756 survived better than the clover strain TA1 under high temperature and high relative humidity, and neither lime nor phosphate pelleting increased survival of the two strains over the gum treatment. Poorest survival was with phosphate for TA1 and lime for CB756. When exposed to sunlight, numbers of CB756 fell most rapidly in the gum treatment but, after a longer period in a glasshouse at about 30�C, survival was poorest in the slurry treatment. When mixed with superphosphate, lime pelleting resulted in best survival of both strains. In pot experiments, lime pelleting resulted in a higher percentage of nodulated plants and higher plant weights of Trifolium subterraneum and Glycine wightii, the advantage being greatest when low numbers of rhizobia were on the seed at sowing.

Proton conductivity of perfluorosulfonate ionomers at high temperature and high relative humidity

2014 ◽  
Vol 104 (9) ◽  
pp. 091904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno R. Matos ◽  
Cleverson A. Goulart ◽  
Elisabete I. Santiago ◽  
R. Muccillo ◽  
Fabio C. Fonseca
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Proton Conductivity ◽  
High Relative Humidity

SOME FACTORS INFLUENCING THE FLIGHT ACTIVITY OF HYMENOPTEROUS PARASITES

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1057-1061 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Juillet
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Wind Velocity ◽  
Flight Activity ◽  
High Relative Humidity ◽  
Pine Plantation ◽  
Parasitic Hymenoptera ◽  
Factors Influencing

Analysis of the average captures of diurnal parasitic Hymenoptera in a pine plantation in relation to some weather elements showed that ichneumonids were most active at average temperatures (70–75° F), high relative humidity, and low wind velocity; braconids at high, temperature, low relative humidity, and low wind velocity; and chalcids at high temperature and low relative humidity, hut were unaffected by wind.

Use of Modified Lactobacillus Selective Medium and Bifidobacterium Iodoacetate Medium for Differential Enumeration of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium spp. in Powdered Nutritional Products

1999 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
STEVEN C. INGHAM
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Lactobacillus Acidophilus ◽  
Iodoacetic Acid ◽  
Selective Medium ◽  
High Relative Humidity ◽  
Bifidobacterium Lactis ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
De Man

Modified Lactobacillus selective agar (APT agar + sodium acetate and glacial acetic acid; mLBS) was compared to selective modified Lactobacillus selective medium (LBS agar + tomato juice and acetic acid; mLSM) and nonselective de Man Rogosa Sharpe (MRS) agar for the enumeration of Lactobacillus acidophilus in probiotic-containing powdered nutritional products. The mLBS agar was equivalent to MRS agar and superior to the mLSM agar for enumerating L. acidophilus in products stored in sealed cans at 22°C. When samples were analyzed for L. acidophilus concentration after high temperature storage in sealed cans or storage in open cans at high relative humidity, the mLBS and MRS agars were highly correlated (r2 = 0.93). Modified Bifidobacterium iodoacetate medium (12.5 mg iodoacetic acid/liter; mBIM) was compared to MRS agar + bile, cysteine, and dicloxacillin (MRS + BCD) for enumerating Bifidobacterium infantis or Bifidobacterium lactis in the nutritional products. The two media were equivalent for enumerating B. infantis in product stored at 22°C in sealed cans. However, the two media were poorly correlated (r2 < 0.50) for enumeration of B. infantis and B. lactis in products stored in sealed cans at high temperature or in open cans at high relative humidity. The mLBS medium has potential industry application as a relatively inexpensive, convenient differential enumeration method for L. acidophilus. The mBIM medium cannot be recommended as a sole medium for enumeration of probiotic Bifidobacterium spp. in powdered nutritional products stored under high temperature and/or high relative humidity conditions.

scholarly journals Experimental study on human physiology during repetitive workload simulated under high temperature and high relative humidity

2021 ◽  
Vol 1793 (1) ◽  
pp. 012077
Author(s):  
Ahmad Rasdan Ismail ◽  
Norfadzilah Jusoh ◽  
Nor Kamilah Makhtar ◽  
Raemy Md Zein ◽  
Ismail Abdul Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Human Physiology ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
High Relative Humidity

scholarly journals Effects of Seed Aging on Seed Germination and Seed Reserve Utilization in Mumian

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 471-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan-Ling Zheng ◽  
Huan-Cheng Ma
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
High Relative Humidity ◽  
Deciduous Tree ◽  
Seed Aging ◽  
Seed Deterioration

Mumian (Bombax ceiba) is a deciduous tree that can grow in the dry-hot valley of southwestern China. However, natural regeneration of mumian is significantly inhibited by some factors such as high temperature that can accelerate seed deterioration. The objective of this study was to identify the change of seedling growth component(s) in response to seed aging at 45 °C either at low relative humidity (15%) or at high relative humidity (100%) for 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 days. Germination assay results at 30 °C in darkness showed an interaction between relative humidity and aging duration. At high temperature and low relative humidity seedling growth, weight of used seed reserve and fraction of seed reserve depletion significantly decreased with increasing of aging duration. But the conversion efficiency of mobilized reserve to seedling tissues did not change significantly. In contrast, at high temperature and high relative humidity, seedling growth and conversion efficiency of seed reserve utilization decreased significantly, but weight of used seed reserve and fraction of seed reserve depletion did not change significantly until seeds were dead. It was concluded that there existed a different pattern of seed reserve utilization for seeds aged at low and high relative humidity, and humidification of seeds at 45 °C for 1 day is a possible way to increase germination of mumian.

The importance of weight loss in reducing breakdown of Jonathan apples

1968 ◽  
Vol 8 (32) ◽  
pp. 377 ◽  
Author(s):  
KJ Scott ◽  
EA Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Calcium Chloride ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
High Relative Humidity ◽  
Cent Relative Humidity ◽  
Low Humidity ◽  
Initial Storage

Studies were made of the effect of different treatments on weight loss and breakdown of Jonathan apples. The apples were stored at 30�F under high relative humidity except while the following treatments were applied : initial storage at 30�F for 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 weeks at 65 per cent relative humidity ; storage at 30�F over calcium chloride for 8 weeks ; hydrocooling ; step-wise cooling from 36�F to 30�F ; and warming the fruit at 68�F for 24 hours. The level of breakdown in all treatments depended on the loss in weight of the fruit. Initial storage at low humidity appears to be a practical method of reducing breakdown.

Translocation of Bentazon in Soybeans and Common Cocklebur

Weed Science ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 536-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. Wills
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
High Relative Humidity ◽  
Environmental Condition ◽  
Leaf Maturity ◽  
Dry Soil ◽  
Wilting Point

Translocation of14C-labeled and toxicity of nonradiolabeled bentazon [3-isopropyl-1H-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-(4)3H-one 2,2-dioxide] was determined for common cocklebur (Xanthium pensylvanicumWallr.) and soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr.]. Significantly greater14C-movement and herbicide toxicity occurred in common cocklebur growing in wet soil at field capacity than in dry soil near the wilting point. In common cocklebur there was a trend toward greater bentazon toxicity and14C-translocation at high temperature (35 C) and high relative humidity (RH) (96%) than at low temperature (25 C) and low RH (35%). ‘Lee 68’ soybeans were injured less than 10% by bentazon under any environmental condition of this study. Translocation of14C was primarily acropetal in both common cocklebur and soybeans. Herbicide movement was affected by leaf maturity with the greatest movement of14C resulting from14C-bentazon applied to the most mature common cocklebur leaf near the base of the shoot and to soybeans at the youngest fully expanded leaf near the apex of the shoot. Bentazon was more toxic and14C translocation was greater in the soybean cultivar ‘Hurrelbrink’ than ‘Hill’ or Hill X Hurrelbrink cross.

Persistence of nosocomial bacteria on 2 biocidal fabrics based on silver under conditions of high relative humidity

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 879-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa López-Gigosos ◽  
Alberto Mariscal ◽  
Mario Gutierrez-Bedmar ◽  
Eloisa Mariscal-Lopez ◽  
Joaquín Fernández-Crehuet
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
High Relative Humidity

scholarly journals On the relative attractions of sulphuric acid for water, under particular circumstances: with suggestion of means of improving the ordinary process of manufacturing sulphuric acid

1843 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 81-82
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Dew Point ◽  
Chemical Affinity ◽  
Dilute Acid ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Open Atmosphere ◽  
Series Of Experiments

The object of the inquiry detailed in the present paper is to determine at what degree of concentration the affinity of sulphuric acid for aqueous vapour is equal to that of anhydrous space for the same vapour at given temperatures. It has long been known that concentrated sulphuric acid abstracts moisture from the atmosphere, but the amount and the rate of this absorption have never been ascertained with accuracy; and consequently, in applying this acid to purposes of exsiccation, the experimenter has often been at a loss to know whether the acid was sufficiently strong to render the space in which it was confined perfectly anhydrous. By placing portions of the acid, previously weighed, and diluted with known quantities of water, under the receiver of an air-pump, with equal portions of concentrated acid, of the specific gravity 1·8428, in similar dishes, the author ascertained that the dilute acid could be concentrated to the specific gravity 1·814, at a temperature varying from 65° to 57°: whence he concludes that acid of such strength is capable of drying a vacuum when the temperature does not exceed 57°. By making similar experiments in air, the author compared together the weights lost by ten grains of dilute sulphuric acid of the specific gravity 1·135, at three different periods of the day for six days, taking note of the dew-point and the temperature; and infers that when the affinity of space for vapour, or the evaporating force, is equal to 0·15 of an inch of mercury, it is just able to balance the affinity for water of sulphuric acid of the specific gravity 1·249. The author next instituted a series of experiments to ascertain whether the evaporation of water from dilute sulphuric acid is capable of being carried on to the same extent in air as in vacuo, and found that the evaporating force of air exerted upon such acid is less than that of a vacuum at the same temperature. He observes that his experiments offer conclusive evidence that the evaporation of water is not owing to the existence of a chemical affinity between the vapour of the liquid and atmospheric air; but thinks that they favour the notion that the obstruction to this process in the open atmosphere is rather owing to the pressure than to the inertiæ of the particles of air. He is also of opinion that improvements will hereafter arise from this inquiry with regard to the economical management of the process of manufacturing sulphuric acid, which process would be greatly expedited by the regulated admission of steam into the condensing chambers kept at a constant high temperature.

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