Translocation of Bentazon in Soybeans and Common Cocklebur

Weed Science ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 536-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. Wills
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
High Relative Humidity ◽  
Environmental Condition ◽  
Leaf Maturity ◽  
Dry Soil ◽  
Wilting Point

Translocation of14C-labeled and toxicity of nonradiolabeled bentazon [3-isopropyl-1H-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-(4)3H-one 2,2-dioxide] was determined for common cocklebur (Xanthium pensylvanicumWallr.) and soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr.]. Significantly greater14C-movement and herbicide toxicity occurred in common cocklebur growing in wet soil at field capacity than in dry soil near the wilting point. In common cocklebur there was a trend toward greater bentazon toxicity and14C-translocation at high temperature (35 C) and high relative humidity (RH) (96%) than at low temperature (25 C) and low RH (35%). ‘Lee 68’ soybeans were injured less than 10% by bentazon under any environmental condition of this study. Translocation of14C was primarily acropetal in both common cocklebur and soybeans. Herbicide movement was affected by leaf maturity with the greatest movement of14C resulting from14C-bentazon applied to the most mature common cocklebur leaf near the base of the shoot and to soybeans at the youngest fully expanded leaf near the apex of the shoot. Bentazon was more toxic and14C translocation was greater in the soybean cultivar ‘Hurrelbrink’ than ‘Hill’ or Hill X Hurrelbrink cross.

Translocation of14C-Glyphosate in Soybeans (Glycine max) and Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense)

Weed Science ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. McWhorter ◽  
T. N. Jordan ◽  
G. D. Wills
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Moisture Absorption ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Total Absorption ◽  
Wilting Point

Absorption and translocation of14C-glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] in johnsongrass [Sorghum halepense(L.) Pers.] and soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Lee 68’] were evaluated under various environmental conditions. The toxicity of unlabeled glyphosate applied similarly was determined in soybeans under similar conditions. In johnsongrass, absorption of14C-glyphosate nearly doubled and translocation increased as air temperature increased from 24 to 35 C. Translocation in johnsongrass and soybeans was often greater at a relative humidity (RH) of 100% than at 45% and at a soil moisture level of 20% (field capacity) than at 12% (near the wilting point). In soybeans, absorption of14C-glyphosate increased about 100%, translocation increased between 100 and 1200%, and glyphosate toxicity increased more than 200% as temperature decreased from 35 to 24 C. At 35 C, translocation in soybeans was often greater at 20% than 12% soil moisture. Absorption of14C-glyphosate in soybeans was greater when the herbicide was applied to mature rather than immature leaves and stems, but the age of the treated tissue had less effect on14C translocation. The addition of surfactant plus KH2PO4to the treatment solution increased glyphosate absorption and translocation in soybeans, but addition of surfactant alone reduced translocation and addition of KH2PO4alone increased translocation. Injury to six soybean cultivars from application of unlabeled glyphosate at 0.4 kg/ha ranged from 37% to 95% while total absorption of14C-glyphosate into treated leaves of the same six cultivars ranged from 23% to 74% of the amount applied.

Proton conductivity of perfluorosulfonate ionomers at high temperature and high relative humidity

2014 ◽  
Vol 104 (9) ◽  
pp. 091904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno R. Matos ◽  
Cleverson A. Goulart ◽  
Elisabete I. Santiago ◽  
R. Muccillo ◽  
Fabio C. Fonseca
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Proton Conductivity ◽  
High Relative Humidity

MOSQUITOES OF MANITOBA: II. THE EFFECT OF STORAGE TEMPERATURE AND RELATIVE HUMIDITY ON HATCHING OF EGGS OF AEDES VEXANS AND AEDES ABSERRATUS (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE)

1969 ◽  
Vol 101 (12) ◽  
pp. 1285-1291 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Brust ◽  
R. A. Costello
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Aedes Vexans ◽  
Hatching Time ◽  
Saturated Atmosphere

AbstractOptimum storage conditions for eggs of Aedes vexans (Meigen) were found to be a temperature of 2 °C and a saturated atmosphere. These conditions are also suitable for storing eggs of Aedes abserratus (Felt and Young) but this species can be stored at lower temperatures. When eggs of both species are stored at 2 °C and placed in a hatching medium at 2 °C, hatching begins in A. abserratus but not in A. vexans. A comparable hatch in the latter occurs at 10°–15 °C. Desiccation and death of A. vexans embryos occur rapidly at a low relative humidity (20%) and a high temperature (21 °C) but slowly at low relative humidity and a low temperature (4 °C). Eggs that lose a substantial amount of water will still hatch and the larvae develop normally, but hatching time is delayed. The hatching time may be twice as long as in eggs kept in a saturated atmosphere at similar temperatures, indicating that embryos must regain some of the lost water before hatching can occur.

SOME FACTORS INFLUENCING THE FLIGHT ACTIVITY OF HYMENOPTEROUS PARASITES

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1057-1061 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Juillet
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Wind Velocity ◽  
Flight Activity ◽  
High Relative Humidity ◽  
Pine Plantation ◽  
Parasitic Hymenoptera ◽  
Factors Influencing

Analysis of the average captures of diurnal parasitic Hymenoptera in a pine plantation in relation to some weather elements showed that ichneumonids were most active at average temperatures (70–75° F), high relative humidity, and low wind velocity; braconids at high, temperature, low relative humidity, and low wind velocity; and chalcids at high temperature and low relative humidity, hut were unaffected by wind.

Use of Modified Lactobacillus Selective Medium and Bifidobacterium Iodoacetate Medium for Differential Enumeration of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium spp. in Powdered Nutritional Products

1999 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
STEVEN C. INGHAM
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Lactobacillus Acidophilus ◽  
Iodoacetic Acid ◽  
Selective Medium ◽  
High Relative Humidity ◽  
Bifidobacterium Lactis ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
De Man

Modified Lactobacillus selective agar (APT agar + sodium acetate and glacial acetic acid; mLBS) was compared to selective modified Lactobacillus selective medium (LBS agar + tomato juice and acetic acid; mLSM) and nonselective de Man Rogosa Sharpe (MRS) agar for the enumeration of Lactobacillus acidophilus in probiotic-containing powdered nutritional products. The mLBS agar was equivalent to MRS agar and superior to the mLSM agar for enumerating L. acidophilus in products stored in sealed cans at 22°C. When samples were analyzed for L. acidophilus concentration after high temperature storage in sealed cans or storage in open cans at high relative humidity, the mLBS and MRS agars were highly correlated (r2 = 0.93). Modified Bifidobacterium iodoacetate medium (12.5 mg iodoacetic acid/liter; mBIM) was compared to MRS agar + bile, cysteine, and dicloxacillin (MRS + BCD) for enumerating Bifidobacterium infantis or Bifidobacterium lactis in the nutritional products. The two media were equivalent for enumerating B. infantis in product stored at 22°C in sealed cans. However, the two media were poorly correlated (r2 < 0.50) for enumeration of B. infantis and B. lactis in products stored in sealed cans at high temperature or in open cans at high relative humidity. The mLBS medium has potential industry application as a relatively inexpensive, convenient differential enumeration method for L. acidophilus. The mBIM medium cannot be recommended as a sole medium for enumeration of probiotic Bifidobacterium spp. in powdered nutritional products stored under high temperature and/or high relative humidity conditions.

Effects of Environment on the Toxicity of Glyphosate to Johnsongrass(Sorghum halepense)and Soybeans(Glycine max)

Weed Science ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 605-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. McWhorter ◽  
W. R. Azlin
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Environmental Condition ◽  
Over The Top

Johnsongrass [Sorghum halepense(L.) Pers.] and soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Lee 68’] were treated over-the-top with glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] at 0.2 and 0.4 kg/ha with surfactant in spray solutions and 0.4 and 0.7 kg/ha without surfactant in spray solutions. Treated plants were maintained in the growth chamber for 2 weeks after treatment at 24, 29, and 35 C; 45 and 100% relative humidity (RH); and 12 and 20% soil moisture. Glyphosate at 0.4 kg/ha applied without surfactant controlled johnsongrass better at 100% than at 45% RH. Johnsongrass control was better with 20% than with 12% soil moisture. Averaged over all evironments, the order of glyphosate toxicity to johnsongrass at 0.4 and 0.7 kg/ha was 35 C > 29 C > 24 C. The environmental condition of 45% RH and 12% soil, moisture resulted in least johnsongrass control regardless of temperature. The order of glyphosate toxicity to soybeans when applied without surfactant was 24 C > 29 C > 35 C. Glyphosate applied without surfactant was more toxic to soybeans at 100% than at 45% RH and more toxic at 12% than at 20% soil moisture. Surfactant in spray solutions increased glyphosate toxicity to johnsongrass and soybeans.

Low-temperature gas–solid carbonation of magnesia and magnesium hydroxide promoted by non-immersive contact with water

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (92) ◽  
pp. 89655-89664 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Highfield ◽  
Jason Chen ◽  
Mojtaba Haghighatlari ◽  
Jacob Åbacka ◽  
Ron Zevenhoven
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Magnesium Hydroxide ◽  
High Relative Humidity

From high-pressure gas–solid thermogravimetry, the presence of water at high relative humidity (>25% RH) caused a drastic acceleration in the rate of CO2 absorption into MgO and Mg(OH)2 producing magnesite and hydrocarbonate precursors below 200 °C.

Effect of inoculation method on rhizobium survival and plant nodulation under adverse conditions

1977 ◽  
Vol 17 (85) ◽  
pp. 308 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Philpotts
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Gum Arabic ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
High Relative Humidity ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Arabic Gum ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
Cent Relative Humidity ◽  
Series Of Experiments

In a series of experiments, different inoculation methods applied to seeds of Glycine wightii were compared for their effect on survival of rhizobia (Rhizobium sp.) under various conditions: high temperature with and without high relative humidity, exposure to sunlight, and contact with superphosphate. Seeds were inoculated with peat inoculum in gum arabic (gum treatment), in gum arabic plus a coating of lime or rock phosphate, or with peat inoculum in water (slurry). When subjected to 50�C for eight hours a day, survival of the cowpea-type Rhizobium strain CB756 was poorer at 75 per cent relative humidity than at 40 per cent. CB756 survived better than the clover strain TA1 under high temperature and high relative humidity, and neither lime nor phosphate pelleting increased survival of the two strains over the gum treatment. Poorest survival was with phosphate for TA1 and lime for CB756. When exposed to sunlight, numbers of CB756 fell most rapidly in the gum treatment but, after a longer period in a glasshouse at about 30�C, survival was poorest in the slurry treatment. When mixed with superphosphate, lime pelleting resulted in best survival of both strains. In pot experiments, lime pelleting resulted in a higher percentage of nodulated plants and higher plant weights of Trifolium subterraneum and Glycine wightii, the advantage being greatest when low numbers of rhizobia were on the seed at sowing.

scholarly journals Effect of High and low temperature and different relative humidity on biology of old Serew worm Chrvsomya bezziana (Villeneuve) Diptera: calliphoridae

2004 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-64
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Laboratory Condition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Old World ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Suitable Temperature ◽  
Lower Temperature

The effect of some environment faetor (different temperature and relative humidity) on the biology of the old world- screw worm, were studied under laboratory condition, the result showed that non of the eggs hatched at 15°c and under dried eondition which relative humidity between 20-40%, also result showed that the mature larvae needs one days to become pupa since it leaves the larval died at the temperature ranged between 25-40°C at different humidity rates. While it needs 3 days under lower temperature and different humidity to become pu^, on the other hand the results showed that either low temperature and dried condition or high temperature at different humidity rates cause non of pupa became adult. While low temperature (15-20) °c at suitable humidity rate will elongate pupal, further more it is also noticed that the suitable temperature ??'? pupa? development ranged between 25- 35°C under different relative humidity rate and it ranged between 5-8 days.

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