SOME FACTORS INFLUENCING THE FLIGHT ACTIVITY OF HYMENOPTEROUS PARASITES

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1057-1061 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Juillet
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Wind Velocity ◽  
Flight Activity ◽  
High Relative Humidity ◽  
Pine Plantation ◽  
Parasitic Hymenoptera ◽  
Factors Influencing

Analysis of the average captures of diurnal parasitic Hymenoptera in a pine plantation in relation to some weather elements showed that ichneumonids were most active at average temperatures (70–75° F), high relative humidity, and low wind velocity; braconids at high, temperature, low relative humidity, and low wind velocity; and chalcids at high temperature and low relative humidity, hut were unaffected by wind.

Proton conductivity of perfluorosulfonate ionomers at high temperature and high relative humidity

2014 ◽  
Vol 104 (9) ◽  
pp. 091904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno R. Matos ◽  
Cleverson A. Goulart ◽  
Elisabete I. Santiago ◽  
R. Muccillo ◽  
Fabio C. Fonseca
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Proton Conductivity ◽  
High Relative Humidity

DIURNAL BEHAVIOR AND BITING HABITS OF BLACK FLIES (DIPTERA: SIMULIIDAE) IN THE FORESTS OF QUEBEC

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 489-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. S. Wolfe ◽  
D. G. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Wind Velocity ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Flight Activity ◽  
Black Flies ◽  
Late Afternoon ◽  
Early Afternoon ◽  
Diurnal Behavior

Studies in the region of Baie Comeau, Quebec, from 1954 to 1956, showed that black flies were most active in the morning 1 to 2 hours after dawn and in the evening [Formula: see text] to 1 hour before sunset. Flight activity appeared to depend on light intensity if the temperature was not below 45° F, the wind velocity not above 2 m.p.h., and the relative humidity not below 50%. In the morning, activity was greatest at higher levels of light intensity, i.e., 20 ft-c, than in the evening, 5 ft-c. Activity increased before thunderstorms and rain and the increase appeared related more to the change in light intensity than to changes in atmospheric pressure or humidity. At night, black flies moved to resting places in the tops of the trees, probably because of the more suitable light intensity at the higher levels just before dark. Oviposition commenced in the late afternoon and continued until dark except on overcast days, when it commenced in early afternoon. Simulium (Simulium) venustum Say bit man mainly on the back of the neck.

Use of Modified Lactobacillus Selective Medium and Bifidobacterium Iodoacetate Medium for Differential Enumeration of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium spp. in Powdered Nutritional Products

1999 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
STEVEN C. INGHAM
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Lactobacillus Acidophilus ◽  
Iodoacetic Acid ◽  
Selective Medium ◽  
High Relative Humidity ◽  
Bifidobacterium Lactis ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
De Man

Modified Lactobacillus selective agar (APT agar + sodium acetate and glacial acetic acid; mLBS) was compared to selective modified Lactobacillus selective medium (LBS agar + tomato juice and acetic acid; mLSM) and nonselective de Man Rogosa Sharpe (MRS) agar for the enumeration of Lactobacillus acidophilus in probiotic-containing powdered nutritional products. The mLBS agar was equivalent to MRS agar and superior to the mLSM agar for enumerating L. acidophilus in products stored in sealed cans at 22°C. When samples were analyzed for L. acidophilus concentration after high temperature storage in sealed cans or storage in open cans at high relative humidity, the mLBS and MRS agars were highly correlated (r2 = 0.93). Modified Bifidobacterium iodoacetate medium (12.5 mg iodoacetic acid/liter; mBIM) was compared to MRS agar + bile, cysteine, and dicloxacillin (MRS + BCD) for enumerating Bifidobacterium infantis or Bifidobacterium lactis in the nutritional products. The two media were equivalent for enumerating B. infantis in product stored at 22°C in sealed cans. However, the two media were poorly correlated (r2 < 0.50) for enumeration of B. infantis and B. lactis in products stored in sealed cans at high temperature or in open cans at high relative humidity. The mLBS medium has potential industry application as a relatively inexpensive, convenient differential enumeration method for L. acidophilus. The mBIM medium cannot be recommended as a sole medium for enumeration of probiotic Bifidobacterium spp. in powdered nutritional products stored under high temperature and/or high relative humidity conditions.

Effect of inoculation method on rhizobium survival and plant nodulation under adverse conditions

1977 ◽  
Vol 17 (85) ◽  
pp. 308 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Philpotts
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Gum Arabic ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
High Relative Humidity ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Arabic Gum ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
Cent Relative Humidity ◽  
Series Of Experiments

In a series of experiments, different inoculation methods applied to seeds of Glycine wightii were compared for their effect on survival of rhizobia (Rhizobium sp.) under various conditions: high temperature with and without high relative humidity, exposure to sunlight, and contact with superphosphate. Seeds were inoculated with peat inoculum in gum arabic (gum treatment), in gum arabic plus a coating of lime or rock phosphate, or with peat inoculum in water (slurry). When subjected to 50�C for eight hours a day, survival of the cowpea-type Rhizobium strain CB756 was poorer at 75 per cent relative humidity than at 40 per cent. CB756 survived better than the clover strain TA1 under high temperature and high relative humidity, and neither lime nor phosphate pelleting increased survival of the two strains over the gum treatment. Poorest survival was with phosphate for TA1 and lime for CB756. When exposed to sunlight, numbers of CB756 fell most rapidly in the gum treatment but, after a longer period in a glasshouse at about 30�C, survival was poorest in the slurry treatment. When mixed with superphosphate, lime pelleting resulted in best survival of both strains. In pot experiments, lime pelleting resulted in a higher percentage of nodulated plants and higher plant weights of Trifolium subterraneum and Glycine wightii, the advantage being greatest when low numbers of rhizobia were on the seed at sowing.

scholarly journals Experimental study on human physiology during repetitive workload simulated under high temperature and high relative humidity

2021 ◽  
Vol 1793 (1) ◽  
pp. 012077
Author(s):  
Ahmad Rasdan Ismail ◽  
Norfadzilah Jusoh ◽  
Nor Kamilah Makhtar ◽  
Raemy Md Zein ◽  
Ismail Abdul Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Human Physiology ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
High Relative Humidity

scholarly journals Factors influencing the contribution of ion-induced nucleation in a boreal forest, Finland

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 3743-3757 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Gagné ◽  
T. Nieminen ◽  
T. Kurtén ◽  
H. E. Manninen ◽  
T. Petäjä ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Charged Particle ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Energy Barrier ◽  
Particle Concentration ◽  
Formation Rate ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Total Particle

Abstract. We present the longest series of measurements so far (2 years and 7 months) made with an Ion-DMPS at the SMEAR II measurement station in Hyytiälä, Southern Finland. We show that the classification into overcharged (implying some participation of ion-induced nucleation) and undercharged (implying no or very little participation of ion-induced nucleation) days, based on Ion-DMPS measurements, agrees with the fraction of ion-induced nucleation based on NAIS measurements. Those classes are based on the ratio of ambient charged particle to steady-state charged particle concentration, known as the charging state. We analyzed the influence of different parameters on the contribution of ion-induced nucleation to the total particle formation rate. We found that the fraction of ion-induced nucleation is typically higher on warmer, drier and sunnier days compared to colder days with less solar radiation and a higher relative humidity. Also, we observed that bigger concentrations of new particles were produced on days with a smaller fraction of ion-induced nucleation. Moreover, sulfuric acid saturation ratios were smaller for days with a bigger fraction of ion-induced nucleation. Finally, we propose explanations on how these different parameters could influence neutral and ion-induced nucleation, and show that the different mechanisms seem to take place at the same time during an event. For example, we propose that these observed differences could be due to high temperature and low vapors' saturation ratios (water and sulfuric acid) increasing the height of the energy barrier a particle has to reach before it can grow and thus limiting neutral nucleation.

scholarly journals Effects of Seed Aging on Seed Germination and Seed Reserve Utilization in Mumian

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 471-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan-Ling Zheng ◽  
Huan-Cheng Ma
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
High Relative Humidity ◽  
Deciduous Tree ◽  
Seed Aging ◽  
Seed Deterioration

Mumian (Bombax ceiba) is a deciduous tree that can grow in the dry-hot valley of southwestern China. However, natural regeneration of mumian is significantly inhibited by some factors such as high temperature that can accelerate seed deterioration. The objective of this study was to identify the change of seedling growth component(s) in response to seed aging at 45 °C either at low relative humidity (15%) or at high relative humidity (100%) for 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 days. Germination assay results at 30 °C in darkness showed an interaction between relative humidity and aging duration. At high temperature and low relative humidity seedling growth, weight of used seed reserve and fraction of seed reserve depletion significantly decreased with increasing of aging duration. But the conversion efficiency of mobilized reserve to seedling tissues did not change significantly. In contrast, at high temperature and high relative humidity, seedling growth and conversion efficiency of seed reserve utilization decreased significantly, but weight of used seed reserve and fraction of seed reserve depletion did not change significantly until seeds were dead. It was concluded that there existed a different pattern of seed reserve utilization for seeds aged at low and high relative humidity, and humidification of seeds at 45 °C for 1 day is a possible way to increase germination of mumian.

Translocation of Bentazon in Soybeans and Common Cocklebur

Weed Science ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 536-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. Wills
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
High Relative Humidity ◽  
Environmental Condition ◽  
Leaf Maturity ◽  
Dry Soil ◽  
Wilting Point

Translocation of14C-labeled and toxicity of nonradiolabeled bentazon [3-isopropyl-1H-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-(4)3H-one 2,2-dioxide] was determined for common cocklebur (Xanthium pensylvanicumWallr.) and soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr.]. Significantly greater14C-movement and herbicide toxicity occurred in common cocklebur growing in wet soil at field capacity than in dry soil near the wilting point. In common cocklebur there was a trend toward greater bentazon toxicity and14C-translocation at high temperature (35 C) and high relative humidity (RH) (96%) than at low temperature (25 C) and low RH (35%). ‘Lee 68’ soybeans were injured less than 10% by bentazon under any environmental condition of this study. Translocation of14C was primarily acropetal in both common cocklebur and soybeans. Herbicide movement was affected by leaf maturity with the greatest movement of14C resulting from14C-bentazon applied to the most mature common cocklebur leaf near the base of the shoot and to soybeans at the youngest fully expanded leaf near the apex of the shoot. Bentazon was more toxic and14C translocation was greater in the soybean cultivar ‘Hurrelbrink’ than ‘Hill’ or Hill X Hurrelbrink cross.

INFLUENCE OF WEATHER ON FLIGHT ACTIVITY OF PARASITIC HYMENOPTERA

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 1133-1141 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Juillet
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Wind Velocity ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Flight Activity ◽  
High Humidity ◽  
Forest Insect ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Light Rain ◽  
Parasitic Hymenoptera ◽  
Low Humidity

The influence of temperature, relative humidity, wind velocity, light intensity, and precipitation on the flight activity of diurnal ichneumonids and braconids is discussed. Light rain stimulates flight activity, but light intensity does not affect it. Ichneumonids are most active at moderate temperature, high humidity, and low wind velocity, while braconids are most active at high temperature, low humidity, and low wind velocity. The optimum weather for maximum flight activity coincides with the fact that ichneumonids predominate on forest insect pests, and braconids on agricultural insect pests.

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