Establishment of four pasture grasses and Siratro from seed oversown into dense and open speargrass pastures

1984 ◽  
Vol 24 (126) ◽  
pp. 360 ◽  
Author(s):  
SJ Cook
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Brachiaria Decumbens ◽  
Heteropogon Contortus ◽  
Pasture Grasses ◽  
Macroptilium Atropurpureum ◽  
Signal Grass ◽  
Native Pastures ◽  
Better Than

In two experiments, seed of Gayndah and Biloela buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris), green panic (Panicum maximum var. trichoglume), signal grass (Brachiaria decumbens) and Siratro (Macroptilium atropurpureum) was broadcast into a range of seedbeds imposed on native speargrass (Heteropogon contortus) pastures that had either been cleared of trees 4-5 years before sowing (C) or had the trees killed at sowing (K). The seedbeds were: untreated control (NP); mown to 3 cm before and at sowing (M); M followed by regular clipping (MD); burnt (B); B followed by regular clipping (BD); and herbicide (H). Seed was also sown into a cultivated seedbed (P) in C. The number of plants established 15-16 months after sowing was highest in the cultivated seedbed and lowest in seedbeds where competition from the native grasses was greatest. Competition was greater in C than in K, the native pastures in C having about three times more dry matter than those in K. Burning reduced competition but also reduced seedling emergence. It increased establishment slightly in K but not in C. The M and MD treatments failed to increase establishment over that of the NP control. Herbicides reduced competition and increased establishment in C and K, but only for signal grass and Siratro in C when drier conditions occurred in the second experiment. Siratro established better than the grasses in the presence of competition when weather conditions were favourable, but there was little Siratro or grass establishment when water deficits occurred soon after emergence, especially in C

Effect of fertilizer, root and shoot competition on the growth of Siratro (Macroptilium atropurpureum) and green panic (Panicum maximum var. trichoglume) seedlings in a native speargrass (Heteropogon contortus) sward

1985 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 233 ◽  
Author(s):  
SJ Cook ◽  
D Ratcliff
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Root Competition ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Leaf Production ◽  
Heteropogon Contortus ◽  
Shoot Competition ◽  
Native Grassland ◽  
Supplementary Irrigation ◽  
Macroptilium Atropurpureum

The effect of root and shoot competition and the application of fertilizer on the growth of Siratro (Macroptilium atropurpureum) and green panic (Panicum maxinzum var. trichoglume) seedlings under supplementary irrigation in an existing native grassland dominated by Heteropogon contortus was studied. The seedlings were grown in both the presence and absence of root competition and varying levels of shoot competition. Root competition was prevented by the use of steel tubes while shoot competition was varied by: clipping the native pasture to a height of either 3-5 cm or 10-15 cm every 7-10 days, leaving the native sward unclipped, and unclipped sward with wire-netting guards fitted around each seedling to prevent overtopping and facilitate light penetration. Seedling growth was assessed by determining dry weights after 29 days and also by measuring plant heights, leaf and tiller numbers and the leaf widths at 7-day intervals during this period. Application of superphosphate and nitrogen fertilizer increased the growth of both species, the initial effects being evident within 1-2 days of seedling emergence. However, at both fertilizer levels the growth of both species was primarily affected by root competition for nutrients. Where fertilizer was applied and no root competition was present heavy shading in the lower 5-10 cm of the sward canopy restricted seedling growth by reducing tiller and leaf production. The removal of shoot competition increased seedling yields fivefold whereas the removal of root competition and the removal of both root and shoot competition increased yields by 25- and 45-fold, respectively. Siratro and green panic yields were the same in the absence of root competition but Siratro yields were 11 times those of green panic where root competition was present.

Spring fire effects on two Aristida/Bothriochloa native pastures in central Queensland, Australia

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 485
Author(s):  
R. G. Silcock ◽  
T. J. Hall ◽  
P. Jones ◽  
P. G. Filet ◽  
J. Douglas
Keyword(s):  
Prescribed Burning ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Marked Change ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Fire Effects ◽  
Heteropogon Contortus ◽  
Eucalypt Woodlands ◽  
Native Pastures ◽  
The Many

Controlled burns are commonly used to suppress woody plant regrowth and to remove accumulated unpalatable pasture from rangelands and occasionally to alter pasture composition in native pastures in central Queensland, Australia. Outcomes can be somewhat unpredictable and short-term, and reliable evidence is needed to confirm the likely long-term efficacy of such fires. We imposed a regime of repeated spring burns on native Aristida/Bothriochloa pastures growing in two contrasting eucalypt woodlands of central Queensland to determine the effects on pasture composition, ground cover, landscape stability and woody plant recruitment, all in the absence of grazing. The sites selected were a silver-leaved ironbark (Eucalyptus melanophloia F.Muell.) woodland and a poplar box (E. populnea F.Muell.) woodland. Weather conditions precluded spring burns in 3 years out of 7 at the silver-leaved ironbark site and in 2 years out of 8 at the poplar box site. The burn intensity was variable, and frequent fires produced a marked change in abundance of only a few pasture species. Depending on the site, fires significantly increased the frequency of Enneapogon spp., Bothriochloa bladhii (Retz.) S.T.Blake and Dichanthium sericeum (R.Br.) A.Camus and reduced the frequency of some minor components such as Cymbopogon spp., Panicum effusum R.Br., Cenchrus ciliaris L. and, ephemerally, that of some forbs. Contrary to expectation, only Aristida calycina R.Br. declined in abundance among the many Aristida species present, and the abundance of Heteropogon contortus (L.) P.Beauv. ex Roem. & Schult. barely increased under regular spring fires. The total germinable seeds of herbaceous species in the soil each spring was significantly reduced by burning in the previous spring. Repeated spring fires rarely reinforced any initial change induced by burning, and slightly lowered average ground cover as well as various indices of landscape stability and ecosystem functionality. Changes produced were not always consistent across the two communities. Though prescribed burning is often important for maintaining grazing productivity and landscape values, very regular use is not recommended.

THE EFFECT OF TIME OF INITIAL CUTTING ON FORAGE YIELD AND QUALITY OF THREE PASTURE GRASSES AT SHIKA, NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 93-97
Author(s):  
O. S. Onifade ◽  
A. M. Adamu ◽  
E. C. Agishi
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Brachiaria Decumbens ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
June July August ◽  
Pasture Grasses ◽  
June July

The effect of time of cutting on yield and nutritive value of three year old pastures of signal (Brachiaria decumbens), green panic (Panicum maximum var. trichoglume) and buffel (Cenchrus ciliaris ev. Gayndah) grasses were studied. The pastures were harvested for hay yield on 5th November, 1977 and allowed to rest until subjection to initial cut in June, July, August or September, 1978. Immediately after the July cut, all the plots received 100kg N/ha and 40kg P205/ha. Regrowths from the initial cuts and the control (uninterrupted growth) were all cut on 16th November, 1978. The dry matter (DM) yields of the grasses increased with increasing stage of maturity. Signal grass was more productive (P < 0.05) (17.3t/ha) than the other grasses averaged over the cutting dates. The yields of green panic and buffel grasses were 8.3 and 11.0t/ha respectively. The regrowth DM yields declined with a delay in the initial cut. Except for the increases in CP (6.9%) and IVDMD (50.1%) contents of the primary growth in August, these parameters declined as the grasses aged. Deferring the initial cutting date resulted in significant (P < 0.05) increases in CP and IVDMD contents of the regrowths. Percent increases as a result of cutting at the different date over the control for DM and CP yield were 28 and 74, respectively. Further evaluation of the three species in grazing trial is suggested. 

Preliminary studies on the establishment of Townsville lucerne (Stylosanthes humilis) in uncleared pasture at Katherine, N.T

1968 ◽  
Vol 8 (30) ◽  
pp. 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
HP Miller ◽  
RA Perry
Keyword(s):  
Soil Surface ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Surface Treatments ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Stylosanthes Humilis ◽  
Native Pastures ◽  
Uncultivated Land ◽  
Early Establishment ◽  
Better Than

The effects of surface treatments, soil type and type of seed sown on the early establishment of Townsville lucerne (Stylosanthes humilis H.B.K.) in native pastures at Katherine, N.T., were studied on microplots in the 1965-66 wet season. In experiment 1, six soil surface treatments were compared in burnt and unburnt native perennial pastures on Tippera clay loam on three occasions. In experiment 2, seeds were compared with pods, cleared cultivated land with uncleared uncultivated land, and Tippera clay loam with Cockatoo sand on two occasions. The results indicate that, given favourable weather conditions, Townsville lucerne can be established on untreated soil surfaces in uncleared native pastures, either annual or perennial ; that weather conditions affect early establishment, presumably through the length of the period that the soil surface remains wet ; that seeds perform two to three times better than pods ; and that early establishment is approximately three times better in the presence of growing native pasture than in its absence, possibly because of the higher atmospheric humidity within the protective grass cover.

Unraveling the mechanisms controlling Cd accumulation and Cd‐tolerance in Brachiaria decumbens and Panicum maximum under summer and winter weather conditions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávio Henrique Silveira Rabêlo ◽  
Salete Aparecida Gaziola ◽  
Monica Lanzoni Rossi ◽  
Neidiquele Maria Silveira ◽  
Małgorzata Wójcik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Winter Weather ◽  
Brachiaria Decumbens ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
Cd Tolerance

Changes in Levels of Solutes During Osmotic Adjustment to Water Stress in Leaves of Four Tropical Pasture Species

1981 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 77 ◽  
Author(s):  
CW Ford ◽  
JR Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Osmotic Adjustment ◽  
Inorganic Ions ◽  
Arid Environment ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Buffel Grass ◽  
Heteropogon Contortus ◽  
Macroptilium Atropurpureum

Three tropical grasses, green panic (Panicum maximum var. trichoglume), buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris), and spear grass (Heteropogon contortus), and a tropical legume, siratro (Macroptilium atropurpureum), were field-grown in a semi-arid environment. One set of plants was well watered, while another set was subjected to a continuous 35-day drying cycle. Samples of specific leaves were taken at the beginning, middle and end of the drying cycle, and 1, 5 and 14 days after rewatering. The major low-molecular-weight solutes which accumulated in the grasses during water stress were the inorganic ions sodium (green panic), potassium (buffel and spear grass) and chloride (all grasses). Accumulation of these ions largely accounted for the osmotic adjustments determined from a previous study of water relations of the leaves. Concentrations of the minor constituents glucose and fructose increased only slightly in the stressed grasses, whereas levels of sucrose, the major carbohydrate component, increased substantially, particularly in spear grass. Inositol accumulated to a small extent in spear grass. Differences between the grasses were evident in the organic acid spectrum and also in changes in concentration of organic acids due to water stress. In water-stressed tissue, malate levels increased in green panic and spear grass but were reasonably constant in buffel grass. Aconitate concentrations (not detected in buffel grass) decreased in stressed green panic, but increased in spear grass. Oxalate (only trace quantities in spear grass) was a major component in green panic and buffel grass, but did not appear to vary with increase in water stress. Succinate accumulated only in stressed spear grass. The contribution of carbohydrates and organic acids to the osmotic adjustment was relatively small. Proline accumulated to varying degrees in all stressed grasses. Betaine occurred only in trace amounts in spear grass, but accumulated substantially in green panic and buffel grass. Water-stressed leaves of siratro did not accumulate inorganic ions, sugars, organic acids, proline or betaine, but pinitol levels increased. Implications of the results relating osmotic adjustment to changes in chemical composition are discussed.

Effects of moisture supply in the dry season and subsequent defoliation on persistence of the savanna grasses Themeda triandra, Heteropogon contortus and Panicum maximum

1992 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 241 ◽  
Author(s):  
JJ Mott ◽  
MM Ludlow ◽  
JH Richards ◽  
AD Parsons
Keyword(s):  
Growing Season ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Carbon Gain ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Themeda Triandra ◽  
Heteropogon Contortus ◽  
Moisture Conditions ◽  
Sheath Material

The close correlation between grazing-induced mortality and major climatic patterns in Australian savannas, led us to the hypothesis that moisture conditions during the dry, non-growing season could affect sensitivity to grazing in the subsequent growing season. Using three widespread savanna species (Themeda triandra, Heteropogon contortus and Panicum maximum), this hypothesis was tested experimentally and the mechanisms controlling this response examined and quantified. In T. triandra drought during the dry season led to major mortality in defoliated plants in the next growing season. This mortality was caused by a synchrony of tillering at the commencement of the wet season, leaving few buds for replacement once parent tillers were killed by defoliation. T. triandra was also the most sensitive species to defoliation. This sensitivity was due to the poor ability of the plant to maintain positive carbon gain after defoliation. Several factors contributed to this poor ability, including: low total photosynthetic rate, low specific leaf area, and a large proportion of sheath material with poor photosynthetic capacity remaining after cutting. Both H. contortus and P. maximum growing under irrigated and fertilized conditions did not display any effects of previous moisture treatments when defoliated during the next wet season and were much less sensitive to defoliation than T. triandra.

Beef production from native pastures sown to fine-stem stylo in the Burnett region of south-eastern Queensland

1979 ◽  
Vol 19 (97) ◽  
pp. 140 ◽  
Author(s):  
EJ Bowen ◽  
KG Rickert
Keyword(s):  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Management Options ◽  
North West ◽  
Heteropogon Contortus ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Continuous Grazing ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Native Pastures ◽  
Stocking Rates

At Gayndah, south-eastern Queensland, a native Heteropogon contortus pasture, sown to fine-stem stylo (Stylosanthes guianensis var. intermedia), and invaded by red natal grass (Rhynchelytrum repens), was grazed by weaner steers from June 1 in three treatments : heavy and light put-and-take grazing for five years from 1971, and set-stocked at 1.37 animals ha-1 for two years from 1974. Weight gains in the put-and-take treatments were not significantly different. The mean annual liveweight gain was 167 kg animal-1 at a mean equivalent stocking rate of 1.47 animals ha-1. Over the same period unsown native pasture, cleared of timber, gave a gain of 62 kg animal-1 at 0.62 animals ha-1. In all seasons except summer, weight gains declined linearly with stocking rate and in 1972-73, with a mean equivalent stocking rate of 2.66 animals ha-1, the annual gain was almost halved. When equivalent stocking rates were 0.9, 0.9, 1.8 and 1.2 animals ha-1 in winter, spring, summer and autumn, the respective gains were 4, 73, 65 and 45 kg animal-1. The set-stocked treatment had a mean annual gain of 147 kg animal-1. At another site 116 km north-west of Gayndah, two paddocks of Heteropogon contortus and fine-stem stylo were set-stocked with weaners over four years. One paddock had four applications of superphosphate of 250 kg ha-1. The mean annual liveweight gains were significantly different, being 154 and 143 kg animal-1 in the fertilized and unfertilized paddocks at mean stocking rates of 0.83 and 0.74 animals ha-1, respectively. In a grazing protection experiment the density of fine-stem stylo declined exponentially with an accumulation of pasture dry matter in spring and summer. Heavy continuous grazing, an annual hay cut and an accidental fire all increased the density of fine-stem stylo. Management options to maintain the density of fine-stem stylo and the relative importance of the legume and grass to animal production are discussed.

Localization and Chemical Speciation of Pb in Roots of Signal Grass (Brachiaria decumbens) and Rhodes Grass (Chloris gayana)

2008 ◽  
Vol 42 (12) ◽  
pp. 4595-4599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter M. Kopittke ◽  
Colin J. Asher ◽  
F. Pax C. Blamey ◽  
Graeme J. Auchterlonie ◽  
Yanan N. Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Speciation ◽  
Brachiaria Decumbens ◽  
Rhodes Grass ◽  
Chloris Gayana ◽  
Signal Grass

scholarly journals Controle de dez espécies daninhas em cana-de-açúcar com o herbicida mesotrione em mistura com ametryn e metribuzin

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 585-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.T. Carvalho ◽  
R.M. Castro ◽  
R.I. Otsubo ◽  
F.A.R. Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Bidens Pilosa ◽  
Brachiaria Decumbens ◽  
Ipomoea Nil

Existem muitas opções de herbicidas para aplicações em pré-emergência em cana-de-açúcar, mas o grande desafio atual para a cultura é o controle pós-emergente. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficácia do herbicida mesotrione em mistura com ametryn e metribuzin no controle em pós-emergência de 10 espécies daninhas semeadas em cana-de-açúcar, variedade RB 86-7515. As espécies daninhas selecionadas para o experimento foram: Brachiaria decumbens, Brachiaria plantaginea, Cenchrus echinatus, Digitaria horizontalis, Panicum maximum, Amaranthus deflexus, Bidens pilosa, Euphorbia heterophylla, Ipomoea nil e Sida glaziovii, semeadas nas entrelinhas após a emergência da cultura. Os herbicidas foram aplicados aos 45 dias após o plantio da cana-de-açúcar, com as plantas daninhas monocotiledôneas na fase de terceiro perfilho e as dicotiledôneas com três a quatro pares de folhas, e constaram dos seguintes tratamentos: mesotrione (120 g ha-1); ametryn (2.000 g ha-1); metribuzin (1.920 g ha-1); mesotrione + ametryn (120 g + 2.000 g ha-1); mesotrione + metribuzin (120 g + 1920 g ha-1) e testemunhas no mato e no limpo. Concluiu-se que os herbicidas isolados ou em mistura foram seletivos à cana-de-açúcar. Com relação à eficácia, observou-se que o herbicida mesotrione foi eficiente no controle de A. deflexus; ametryn, no controle de A. deflexus, B. pilosa e I. nil; metribuzin, no controle de A. deflexus, B. pilosa e S. glaziovii; mesotrione + ametryn, no controle de B. decumbens, B. plantaginea, D. horizontalis, P. maximum, A. deflexus, B. pilosa, I. nil e S. glaziovii; e mesotrione + metribuzin, no controle de B. plantaginea, D. horizontalis, P. maximum, A. deflexus, B. pilosa e S. glaziovii. Foi constatado elevado efeito sinergístico do mesotrione com os herbicidas testados, sendo o efeito mais pronunciado na mistura com o ametryn.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document