Accuracy of alternative methods of estimating weekly yields of milk fat and protein

1984 ◽  
Vol 24 (127) ◽  
pp. 464 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Clarke ◽  
A McGowan
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Sampling Frequency ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Fat Yield ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

Thirty-four procedures were used to estimate the weekly yields of milk, milk fat and milk protein of 19 grazing cows on five occasions between the third and eighth months of lactation. The standard deviation of daily milk yield, fat and protein percentage of individual cows averaged 1 .3 litres, 0.58% fat and 0 - 10% protein, respectively. The four factors involved were: sampling frequency, sampling distribution, basis of compositing subsamples for compositional analyses, and the use of total weekly yields or milk yields on day(s) of sampling, for estimating yields of fat and protein. There were no substantial interactions between the 34 procedures and stage of lactation. The average difference between the estimate of weekly milk yield from any one day's yield and the true weekly milk yield (accuracy) was 7.2 litres/week. The equivalent values for fat and protein yields were 0.59 and 0.22 kg/week. When sampling frequency and measurement of milk yield was increased from one to six days per week, the accuracy of the weekly estimate of milk yield (MY) improved by 5.7 litres/week and that of fat yield (FY) by 0.49 kg/week. If total weekly milk yield was used to estimate fat yield, instead of using milk yield on days of testing only, the improvement in accuracy ranged from 0. 15 to 0.03 kg/week for one and six samplings, respectively. Two equally spaced sampling days gave a marginally better (0.74 litres/week) estimate of milk yield than two consecutive days but a marginally poorer (0.10 kg/week) estimate of fat yield. Yield weighting of subsamples for fat or protein analyses did not improve the estimate of fat yield. As the day to day variation in level of protein in the milk was low, frequency and method of sampling for protein analysis was not important but the accuracy of estimating milk yield had a large effect on estimated weekly protein yield.

scholarly journals Betaine Improves Milk Yield in Grazing Dairy Cows Supplemented with Concentrates at High Temperatures

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Dunshea ◽  
Kehinde Oluboyede ◽  
Kristy DiGiacomo ◽  
Brian Leury ◽  
Jeremy Cottrell
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Fat Yield ◽  
Grazing Dairy Cows ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Betaine Supplementation ◽  
Daily Milk

Betaine is an organic osmolyte sourced from sugar beet that accumulates in plant cells undergoing osmotic stress. Since the accumulation of betaine lowers the energy requirements of animals and, therefore, metabolic heat production, the aim of this experiment was to investigate if betaine supplementation improved milk yield in grazing dairy cows in summer. One hundred and eighteen Friesian × Holstein cows were paired on days in milk and, within each pair, randomly allocated to a containing treatment of either 0 or 2 g/kg natural betaine in their concentrate ration for approximately 3 weeks during February/March 2015 (summer in Australia). The mean maximum February temperature was 30 °C. Cows were allocated approximately 14 kg dry matter pasture and 7.5 kg of concentrate pellets (fed in the milking shed) per cow per day and were milked through an automatic milking system three times per day. Betaine supplementation increased average daily milk yield by over 6% (22.0 vs. 23.4 kg/day, p < 0.001) with the response increasing as the study progressed as indicated by the interaction (p < 0.001) between betaine and day. Milk fat % (p = 0.87), milk protein % (p = 0.90), and milk somatic cell count (p = 0.81) were unchanged by dietary betaine. However, betaine supplementation increased milk protein yield (677 vs. 719 g/day, p < 0.001) and fat yield (874 vs. 922 g/day, p < 0.001) with responses again being more pronounced as the study progressed. In conclusion, dietary betaine supplementation increased milk and component yield during summer in grazing dairy cows.

scholarly journals Effect of season, genotype and lactation on milk yield and composition of local and crossbred dairy cows reared under different feed base region

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 50-65
Author(s):  
MA Baset ◽  
KS Huque ◽  
NR Sarker ◽  
MM Hossain ◽  
MN Islam
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Base Region ◽  
Total Solids ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

A total of 160 cows, 10 cows in each of native (local cow) and crossbred (local × Holstein Friesian) origins differing in lactation were used in 2×2×2×2 factorial experiment using Randomized Block Design (RBD) to evaluate milk yield and composition of cows considering regions (good & poor feed base region), seasons (dry: Nov.–Feb. 2009 & wet: Jun.–Oct. 2009), genotypes and lactation. A “good and/or poor feed base” region was classified based on the availability of quantity and quality roughages throughout the year. The study revealed that the daily milk yield and 4% FCM of cows under good feed base condition were 6.76 and 6.49 kg, respectively and under poor feed base condition were 3.67 and 3.31 kg, respectively. Feed base region did not affect on milk fat and it was observed that the milk protein, lactose, solids-not-fat (SNF), minerals and total solids under good feed base condition were 37.9, 54.9, 100.9, 6.3 and 140.6 g/kg, respectively, whereas, under poor feed base condition the values were 36.3, 52.9, 98.0, 6.1 and 135.2 g/kg, respectively. Season did not affect milk yield and composition except minerals (6.5 g/kg vs. 5.9 g/kg). Genotypes significantly (p?0.01) influenced daily milk yield, the milk protein and minerals. Lactation did not affect milk yield and the milk protein, but influenced the fat, lactose, SNF, minerals and total solids. The interaction of feed base regions and seasons significantly (p?0.01) influenced milk yield and the milk fat and SNF. The milk protein and lactose was influenced by the interaction of feed bases region, seasons and lactation. Milk yield negatively correlated with fat per cent. The percentage of fat significantly (p?0.01) correlated with protein, lactose, SNF, and minerals %. The percentage protein correlated with lactose, SNF and minerals. Lactose % significantly (p?0.01) correlated with SNF%. It may be concluded that milk yield and composition depends on feed base region, genotype and lactation of cows. Season did not influence milk yield and the composition. Milk yield negatively correlated with the percentage of fat, protein, lactose, SNF and milk composition strongly correlated with each other.Bangladesh J. of Livestock Res. 19(1-2): 50-65, Jan-Dec 2012

scholarly journals The effect of spring shearing on milk yield and milk composition in Tsigai ewes

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-249
Author(s):  
Y. Aleksiev
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Daily Output ◽  
Lactose Concentration ◽  
Nutrient Partitioning ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

Milk yield and milk composition responses to shearing were assessed in Tsigai ewes kept indoors. Sheep was offered 700g/head daily concentrate and chopped hay administered ad libitum and was milked twice daily - at 08:00 and at 18:00 h. Average for the two weeks post-shearing, daily milk yield dropped by 7.2 % due to the 8.2 and 2.2 %, respectively, reduction in the morning and in the afternoon milk yields. Fat and protein concentrations in the morning and in the afternoon milk on day 1, day 7 and day 14 after shearing surpassed vastly pre-shearing values whilst milk lactose concentration showed a trend towards postshearing reduction. On the three sampling post-shearing days daily output of different milk constituents exceeded the corresponding mean pre-shearing values by 16.2, 11.6 and 9.1 % in milk fat, 1.6, 3.5 and 6.2 % in milk protein, and 4.1, 7.2 and 2.2 % in total solids. The increase in daily output of milk constituents occurred despite the decline in daily milk yield. Lactose daily output, on the contrary, dropped by 6.9, 7.7 and 9.3 % relative to the mean pre- shearing value. Postshearing adaptive adjustments including changes in nutrient partitioning appear to underlie the alterations in milk yield and milk composition. It may be concluded that post-shearing changes in milk composition makes for the improvement of milk processing characteristics.

Dairy productivity of zaanen type goats hybrids from crossing with the nubian breed bucks

2021 ◽  
pp. 28-32
Author(s):  
М.Ю. САННИКОВ ◽  
С.И. НОВОПАШИНА ◽  
С.А. ХАТАТАЕВ ◽  
Е.И. КИЗИЛОВА
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Commercial Farming ◽  
Milk Protein Content ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Qualitative Characteristics ◽  
Daily Milk

Изучена молочная продуктивность потомства I, II и III поколений при скрещивании молочных коз в типе зааненской породы с козлами нубийской породы. Установлено, что самый высокий удой за лактацию (576,5±11,62) был у чистопородных зааненских коз (n=72) — на 10,8—25,3% (P≦0,05) больше, чем у помесных животных за счет более длительной лактации (на 13,0%). Среднесуточный удой за лактацию был на 2,1% выше у помесей I поколения (n=26), чем у зааненских, на 4,9% — чем у помесей II (n=24) и на 13,5% — чем у помесей III поколений (n=21) (P≦0,05). Козоматки III поколения по содержанию жира превосходили сверстниц на 0,14—0,50 абс. процента, а белка — на 0,18—0,37 абс. процента. Среднесуточное количество молочного жира было выше у помесей I поколения на 0,9—7,3%, молочного белка — на 1,5—5,1%. За счет более продолжительного периода лактации козоматки зааненской породы превосходили своих помесных сверстниц по количеству молочного жира на 5,3—11,8% (1,2—2,5 кг) и по количеству молочного белка — на 7,7—11,3% (1,2—1,7 кг). Таким образом, поглотительное скрещивание является эффективным приемом для получения чистопородных животных нубийской породы. И может быть использовано в качестве селекционного приема в товарных хозяйствах для повышения качественных показателей молока коз в типе зааненской породы. Milk productivity of the offspring of generations I, II, and III during milk goat breeding in the type of the Saanen breed with goats of the Nubian breed was studied. It was found that the highest milk yield per lactation (576.5±11.62) was demonstrated by purebred Saanen goats (n=72) — by 10.8—25.3% (P≦0.05) more than in crossbred animals due to prolonged lactation (by 13.0%). Average daily milk yield per lactation was 2.1% higher in crossbred animals of generation I (n=26) compared to the Saanen breed, 4.9% higher than in crossbred animals of generation II (n=24), and 13.5% higher than in crossbred animals of generation III (n-21) (P≦0.05). By fat content the breeding goats of generation III are superior to their age-mates by 0.14—0.50 absolute percent, and by protein — by 0.18—0.37 absolute percent. Average daily milk fat content was 0.9—7.3% higher in crossbred animals of generation I; average daily milk protein content was 1.5—5.1% higher. Due to prolonged lactation breeding goats of the Saanen breed were superior to their crossbred age-mates in milk fat quantity by 5.3—11.8% (1.2—2.5 kg), and in milk protein quantity — by 7.7—11.3% (1.2—1.7 kg). Accordingly, accumulation cross breeding is an effective method of obtaining purebred animals of the Nubian breed. It can be used as a selection technique in commercial farming to increase qualitative characteristics of goat milk in the type of the Saanen breed.

scholarly journals Relationships between milk protein polymorphisms and production traits in cattle: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Memis Ozdemir ◽  
Sinan Kopuzlu ◽  
Mehmet Topal ◽  
Omer Cevdet Bilgin
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Milk Protein Genes ◽  
Fat Yield ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

Abstract. Many researchers who have studied the relationships between milk protein polymorphisms and some yield traits in dairy cattle have reported incompatible results. In this study, in order to examine the overall relationships between milk protein genes known as major genes (CSN1S1, CSN2, CSN3, and BLG) and some yield traits (daily milk yield, lactation milk yield, fat yield, fat content, protein yield, and protein content), a meta-analysis was performed using some genetic models reported in the results of previous studies on cattle. The results suggest that the relationships of major milk protein genes with other factors should be studied using the codominant genetic model in general. Relationships among some CSN3 genotypes and fat yield, fat content, and protein content, and relationships between some BLG genotypes and daily milk yield, fat content, protein yield, and protein content were significant (P<0.05). No significant (P>0.05) relationships were found between these genotypes and other milk production traits. In addition, no significant (P>0.05) relationships between the CSN1S1 and CSN2 genotypes with the milk production traits examined were observed.

scholarly journals Effect of Rumen Protected Methionine Supplementation on Early Lactational Responses of Dairy Cows Fed a Grass Silage and Cereals Diet

1999 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefania Iwańska ◽  
Danuta Strusińska ◽  
Barbara Pysera
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

To investigate the milk production limiting potential of a diet based on grass silage (40%), hay (15%), dried sugar beet pulp (13%) and grain compound mixture (32%), 28 multiparous cows in early lactation were randomly assigned to two treatment groups: a control group and a group receiving supplementary rumen protected methionine (RPMet) treatment (12 g intestinally available methionine/ cow/day, given 1–120 days postpartum; Smartamine™; RPAN’s technology). The diet was formulated to meet the requirements for protein and net energy. RPMet supplementation had no significant effect on DMI (kg/cow/day), milk dry mass, milk lactose and milk urea contents. Responses for mean daily milk yield, mean milk fat and milk protein yields were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in cows supplied with RPMet than in controls. Mean daily milk yield, milk protein and milk fat yields increased by 2.4 kg, 108 g and 124 g, respectively. The mean daily milk protein and casein contents were increased by 1.8 g and 0.9 g and milk fat content by 1.2 g in 1 kg of milk, respectively. The results suggest that in cows fed grass silage and a grain compound mixture milk production is limited by methionine insufficiency, but milk production performance can be increased significantly by the addition of RPMet to the diet.

scholarly journals Milk production and its relationship with milk composition, body and udder morphological traits in Bedouin goat reared under arid conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 42552
Author(s):  
Fatima Kouri ◽  
Salima Charallah ◽  
Amina Kouri ◽  
Zaina Amirat ◽  
Farida Khammar
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Arid Conditions ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

 This research aims to assess the performances of lactating Bedouin goat under arid conditions, focusing on the relationship of milk yield with body and udder morphology and growth traits. Fourteen goats and their kids were followed during early lactation (90 days post-partum). Mean daily milk yield was 0.56 kg. Milk fat, proteins, lactose, solids non-fat and minerals were respectively 34.9, 38.9, 48.8, 107 and 6.7 g L-1. Mean kids’ birth weight, adjusted body weight at 90 days of age and average daily gain were respectively 2 kg, 6.6 kg and 51.4 g day-1. Daily milk yield was correlated with goats’ body weight, withers height, rump height, udder width and udder circumference but not with linear udder score and growth performances. These results provide important data about the milk production of Bedouin goat emphasizing its correlation with body and udder morphological traits which can help to elaborate a specific breeding program for this breed. 

scholarly journals DAY-TO-DAY VARIATIONS IN FAT PERCENT OF COW'S MILK

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 731-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. ATWAL ◽  
J. D. ERFLE
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Supplemental Feeding ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Milk Fat Depression ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

Large day-to-day variations in milk fat, particularly for the morning milkings, were observed in 36 Holstein cows. Changes in percent fat were gradual and produced wavelike patterns in a number of instances. Supplemental feeding of long hay had no effect on acetate/propionate ratio in rumen fluid, daily milk yield or weighted milk fat percentage. Key words: Dairy cows, milk, fat depression, hay

scholarly journals Bioenergetic and ethological features of the first-calf heifers of different genotypes

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-55
Author(s):  
O. O. Borshch ◽  
S. Yu. Ruban ◽  
O. V. Borshch ◽  
V. M. Polishchuk
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Exchange Energy ◽  
Brown Swiss ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Dairy Breed ◽  
Slight Advantage ◽  
Daily Milk

The aim of this work was to study bioenergetic and ethological indicators in crossbred first-calf heifers compared to purebred first-calf heifers. The research was conducted on the first-calf heifers of Ukrainian Black-Pied dairy breed and first-generation crossbreeds obtained as a result of crossing with Brown Swiss breed, as well as, on the first-calf heifers of Ukrainian Red-Pied dairy breed and first-generation crossbreeds obtained as a result of crossing Ukrainian Red-Pied dairy with Montbéliarde breed. The purebred Black-and Red-Pied first-calf heifers prevailed over crossbreed first-calf heifers on the indicator of milk yield for 305 days of lactation by 106.45 and 218.36 kg, respectively. Accordingly, the indicators of average daily milk yield were also higher by 0.35 and 0.72 kg and the indicators of average daily milk yield adjusted by 4 % fat content per 0.15 and 0.16 kg. At the same time, the indicator of average fat content in milk prevailed in crossbreeds of Black-Pied and Brown Swiss breed by 0.08 % compared to purebred Black-Pied breeds, and in Red-Pied crossbreeds with Montbéliarde breed by 0.16 % compared to purebred Red-Pied breeds. The purebred Black-Pied first-calf heifers had an advantage by 2.04 MJ compared to crossbreeds, while the Red-Pied first-calf heifers had a slight advantage by 0.06 MJ compared to crossbreed first-calf heifers on the indicator of daily cost of exchange energy (EE). The purebred Black-and Red-Pied first-calf heifers had higher cost of exchange energy allocated with milk compared to crossbreed first-calf heifers by 0.42 and 0.82 MJ. They also had higher cost of exchange energy rates for heat products by 0.79 and 0.25 MJ. According to the energy index indicator, purebred Black - and Red-Pied first-calf heifers prevailed over crossbreeds first-calf heifers by 0.16 and 0.07 %, respectively. The same trend was observed in relation to the productive index indicator. The purebred Black-and Red-Pied first-calf heifers had a slight advantage by 0.001 and 0.002 kg adjusted by 4 % of milk fat content per 1 MJ. According to the indicators of daily behavioral reactions, no special differences between a purebred and crossbreed were found.

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