The effect of elevated CO2 and virus infection on the primary metabolism of wheat

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (9) ◽  
pp. 892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Vassiliadis ◽  
Kim M. Plummer ◽  
Kevin S. Powell ◽  
Piotr Trębicki ◽  
Jo E. Luck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Disease Status ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Primary Metabolism ◽  
Total N ◽  
Co2 Concentrations ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus

Atmospheric CO2 concentrations are predicted to double by the end of this century. Although the effects of CO2 fertilisation in crop systems have been well studied, little is known about the specific interactions among plants, pests and pathogens under a changing climate. This growth chamber study focuses on the interactions among Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV), its aphid vector (Rhopalosiphum padi) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Yitpi) under ambient (aCO2; 400µmolmol–1) or elevated (eCO2; 650µmolmol–1) CO2 concentrations. eCO2 increased the tiller number and biomass of uninoculated plants and advanced the yellowing symptoms of infected plants. Total foliar C content (percentage of the total DW) increased with eCO2 and with sham inoculation (exposed to early herbivory), whereas total N content decreased with eCO2. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry approaches were used to quantify the products of primary plant metabolism. eCO2 significantly increased sugars (fructose, mannitol and trehalose), irrespective of disease status, whereas virus infection significantly increased the amino acids essential to aphid diet (histidine, lysine, phenylalanine and tryptophan) irrespective of CO2 concentration. Citric acid was reduced by both eCO2 and virus infection. Both the potential positive and negative biochemical impacts on wheat, aphid and BYDV interactions are discussed.

Annual variation in strains of barley yellow dwarf virus in Manitoba, and the occurrence of greenbug-specific isolates

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 1277-1283 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. Gill
Keyword(s):  
Annual Variation ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Schizaphis Graminum ◽  
Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Efficient Vector ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
High Degree

Seventeen isolates of the aphid-borne barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV), collected in southern Manitoba in 1966, were transmitted from oats to oats most efficiently by Rhopalosiphum padi. They were transmitted also by Macrosiphum avenae and all but two were transmitted by Schizaphis graminum and Acyrthosiphon dirhodum. Most of these isolates were not transmitted by R. maidis.Only 3 of 25 isolates collected in 1967 were transmitted by the five species of aphids in a pattern similar to that of the isolates collected in 1966. Twenty of the remainder were transmitted with a moderate to high degree of specificity by R. maidis, R. padi, or S. graminum. Two of the latter isolates were transmitted only by S. graminum. When the transmissibility of one of the isolates, for which S. graminum was the most efficient vector, was examined more critically, both the relative and the specific efficiency of the three vectors varied with the age of the infection in the source plants, though S. graminum was always the most efficient vector.

Crop loss assessment studies on the effects of barley yellow dwarf virus in wheat in Victoria

1982 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 179 ◽  
Author(s):  
PR Smith ◽  
RJ Sward
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Loss Assessment ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Individual Grains

The effect of barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) infection on grain yield of wheat, cv. Olympic, was determined over 3 years at three sites in Victoria in field plots inoculated with infective Rhopalosiphum padi (L.). Inoculation before tillering lowered grain yields by 9-79 %, whereas inoculation at early stem extension lowered yields by only 6-9 %. There was a linear relationship between the percentage of plants infected with BYDV at an early stage of growth and grain yield at all sites. Other components of yield affected included numbers of tillers, numbers of heads with sterile terminal spikelets, grain weight per head and weight of individual grains.

Survey of Barley yellow dwarf virus incidence in winter cereal crops, and assessment of wheat and barley resistance to the virus

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (10) ◽  
pp. 1054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Beoni ◽  
Jana Chrpová ◽  
Jana Jarošová ◽  
Jiban Kumar Kundu
Keyword(s):  
Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Winter Cereal ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus

A survey of Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) incidence in cereal crops in the Czech Republic over 4 years showed, on average, 13.3% BYDV-positive, randomly tested wheat and barley samples. The cultivated wheat and barley cultivars had different levels of susceptibility to BYDV infection. Field trials were performed with different barley and wheat breeding lines and cultivars, and resistance traits were evaluated after artificial inculcation by the viruliferous aphid vector Rhopalosiphum padi L. with BYDV-PAV. Our results showed high variability of visual symptom score (VSS) and reduction in grain weight per spike (GWS-R) in trials within the tested lines and cultivars. The barley line (WBON 96-123) and cultivars (Wysor, Travira) that contained RYd2 differed significantly from other cultivars in VSS. Line WBON 96-123 and cvv. Wysor and Yatzi showed the lowest GWS-R. Wheat line PSR 3628 and cvv. Altigo, Elan, Sparta, Aladin and Hewit showed significant difference from other cultivars in VSS. PSR 3628, Sparta, and Elan showed the lowest GWS-R. Similar results were obtained from BYDV titre analysis by RT-qPCR corresponding to the VSS and GWS-R traits. A low virus titre corresponded to low VSS and GWS-R. Hence, our results suggest that laborious and time-consuming GWS-R analysis could be replaced in some cases by qPCR-based BYDV titre analysis and, together with VSS evaluation, could enhance the efficiency of resistance assessment.

Grassy Weeds and Corn as Potential Sources of Barley yellow dwarf virus Spread Into Winter Wheat

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. PDIS-05-20-1004
Author(s):  
Mahnaz Rashidi ◽  
Regina K. Cruzado ◽  
Pamela J. S. Hutchinson ◽  
Nilsa A. Bosque-Pérez ◽  
Juliet M. Marshall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Virus Titer ◽  
Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Virus Spread ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus

Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) is an important vector-borne pathogen of cereals. Although many species of grasses are known to host BYDV, knowledge of their role in virus spread in regional agroecosystems remains limited. Between 2012 and 2016, Idaho winter wheat production was affected by BYDV. BYDV-PAV and the bird cherry-oat aphid (BCOA) (Rhopalosiphum padi L.) vector were commonly present in the affected areas. A series of greenhouse bioassays were performed to examine whether two types of corn (Zea mays L.), dent and sweet, and three commonly found grassy weeds, downy brome (Bromus tectorum L.), green foxtail (Setaria viridis L.), and foxtail barley (Hordeum jubatum L.), can be inoculated with BYDV (species BYDV-PAV) by BCOA and also act as sources of the virus in winter wheat. BCOA successfully transmitted BYDV-PAV to both corn types and all weed species. Virus titers differed between the weed species (P = 0.032) and between corn types (P = 0.001). In transmission bioassays, aphids were able to survive on these host plants during the 5-day acquisition access period and later successfully transmitted BYDV-PAV to winter wheat (var. SY Ovation). Transmission success was positively correlated with the virus titer of the source plant (P < 0.001) and influenced by weed species (P = 0.028) but not corn type. Overall, the results of our inoculation and transmission assays showed that the examined weed species and corn types can be inoculated with BYDV-PAV by BCOA and subsequently act as sources of infections in winter wheat.

Winter Wheat Responses to Bird Cherry‐Oat Aphids and Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus Infection

Crop Science ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 158-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter E. Riedell ◽  
Robert W. Kieckhefer ◽  
Scott D. Haley ◽  
Marie A. C Langham ◽  
Paul D. Evenson
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus

Resistance to RPV barley yellow dwarf virus in the genus Bromus

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monique Beuve ◽  
Hervé Lapierre
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus

Susceptibility to barley yellow dwarf RPV (BYD – RPV) relative to BYD – PAV has been studied for 21 species of the genus Bromus. The following species belonging to sections Bromus (B. arvensis L., B. commutatus Shrad, B. danthoniae Trin., B. grossus Desf. ex DC. B. hordeaceus L., B. lanceolatus Roth., B. scoparius L.), Stenobromus (B. diandrus Roth., B. madritensis L., B. sterilis L., B. rubens L., B. tectorum L.), and Neobromus (B. trinii Desvaux) are all susceptible to BYD–RPV. Of the three species of the Pnigma section, B. erectus Hudson is susceptible to BYD–RPV, although the percentage of infected plants is low; B. setifolius Presl. is resistant to BYD–RPV; and the two biotypes of B. inermis Leyss. that were tested are both resistant to BYD–RPV. Most biotypes of the species in section Ceratochloa are resistant to BYD–RPV and susceptible to BYD–PAV. In B. catharticus Vahl. a few biotypes are also susceptible to both viruses. The resistance to BYD–RPV in different biotypes of Ceratochloa and in one biotype of B. setifolius cannot be explained by the resistance to the vector Rhopalosiphum padi L., as BYD – PAV is efficiently transmitted to these biotypes by the same aphid species. These results show that most biotypes of the species in section Ceratochloa are probably immune to BYD–RPV and that the virus has a restricted host range in the genus Bromus compared with BYD –PAV. Key words: BYDV, RPV, PAV, Bromus genus.

SUSCEPTIBILITY OF COMMON AND DURUM SPRING WHEATS TO BARLEY YELLOW DWARF VIRUS

1967 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 571-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. Gill
Keyword(s):  
Common Wheat ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Temporary Decrease

Nine varieties of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and four varieties of durum wheat (T. durum Desf.) were inoculated with three isolates of barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) in the greenhouse. All varieties proved susceptible to BYDV, and yields were severely reduced. Yellow discoloration and chlorosis of leaves was slight in most varieties inoculated with the two stronger isolates, though stunting, delay in heading and a reduction in the number of tillers were apparent. In the most susceptible varieties, the rate of growth suffered a marked temporary decrease during the early shock phase of infection.Manitou, one of the varieties of common wheat tested in the greenhouse, was also inoculated with one of the virus isolates in a field plot. The yield from plants inoculated at the three-leaf stage was 64% less than that from uninfected plants. There was a reduction of 40% in yield from plants inoculated when each plant had four to five tillers and the average height was 20.3 cm. Stunting and reduction in the number of tillers and size of heads were apparent in mature plants inoculated at the three-leaf stage. The only symptom on plants inoculated when tillers had developed was a slight yellowing of the leaf tips, first noticeable about 18 days after inoculation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document