Impact of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus on the growth and nutrition of fifteen crop and pasture plant species

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Binh T. T. Tran ◽  
Stephanie J. Watts-Williams ◽  
Timothy R. Cavagnaro
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizas ◽  
Allium Ampeloprasum ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonisation ◽  
Pasture Plant ◽  
Diverse Plant Species

The formation of arbuscular mycorrhizas (AM) can result in positive, neutral or negative responses in the growth and mineral nutrition of host plants, particularly that of P, Zn and other micronutrients. This study examined the growth and nutritional responses of 15 agriculturally important plant species, including cereals, legumes and vegetables, with and without inoculation with the AM fungus (AMF) Rhizophagus irregularis. Furthermore, we explored whether the responses differed between different functional groups of plants such as monocots and dicots, C3 and C4 plants, and N-fixing and non-N-fixing plants. We found that that mycorrhizal colonisation of roots, plant growth and plant nutrient responses differed between plant species. Among the species analysed, leek (Allium ampeloprasum L. var. porrum) was the most mycorrhiza-responsive, displaying the highest mycorrhizal colonisation and biomass response, and the greatest increases in most mineral nutrients. In other plant species, the concentration of P, Cu, Zn and S were generally enhanced by inoculation with AMF. Furthermore, ionomes differed more greatly between plant species than in response to inoculation with AMF. This research further improves our understanding of the responses of different and diverse plant species to the formation of AM in terms of growth and ionomics under standardised growth conditions. The results of this study may be used in further studies and to inform agricultural practices.

scholarly journals The methylome of the model arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, Rhizophagus irregularis, shares characteristics with early diverging fungi and Dikarya

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anurag Chaturvedi ◽  
Joaquim Cruz Corella ◽  
Chanz Robbins ◽  
Anita Loha ◽  
Laure Menin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Rhizophagus Irregularis ◽  
Functional Differences ◽  
Phosphate Regulation ◽  
Very High

AbstractEarly-diverging fungi (EDF) are distinct from Dikarya and other eukaryotes, exhibiting high N6-methyldeoxyadenine (6mA) contents, rather than 5-methylcytosine (5mC). As plants transitioned to land the EDF sub-phylum, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF; Glomeromycotina) evolved a symbiotic lifestyle with 80% of plant species worldwide. Here we show that these fungi exhibit 5mC and 6mA methylation characteristics that jointly set them apart from other fungi. The model AMF, R. irregularis, evolved very high levels of 5mC and greatly reduced levels of 6mA. However, unlike the Dikarya, 6mA in AMF occurs at symmetrical ApT motifs in genes and is associated with their transcription. 6mA is heterogeneously distributed among nuclei in these coenocytic fungi suggesting functional differences among nuclei. While far fewer genes are regulated by 6mA in the AMF genome than in EDF, most strikingly, 6mA methylation has been specifically retained in genes implicated in components of phosphate regulation; the quintessential hallmark defining this globally important symbiosis.

scholarly journals Phosphorus nutrition of ectomycorrhizal and arbuscular mycorrhizal tree seedlings from a lowland tropical rain forest in Korup National Park, Cameroon

1998 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
BERNARD MOYERSOEN ◽  
IAN J. ALEXANDER ◽  
ALASTAIR H. FITTER
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizas ◽  
Phosphorus Availability ◽  
Tropical Rain Forests ◽  
High Phosphorus ◽  
Korup National Park ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonisation

The relationship between mycorrhizal colonisation and phosphorus acquired by seedlings of the arbuscular mycorrhizal tree Oubanguia alata Bak f. (Scytopetalaceae) and the ectomycorrhizal tree Tetraberlinia moreliana Aubr. (Caesalpiniodeae) was evaluated at low and high inorganic phosphorus availability. AM colonisation was positively correlated with phosphorus uptake by O. alata at low, but not at high phosphorus availability. Seedlings growth was positively related to arbuscular mycorrhizal colonisation at both low and high phosphorus availability, suggesting that growth promotion by arbuscular mycorrhizas is not simply related to an increase of phosphorus uptake. In contrast, phosphorus uptake by T. moreliana was correlated with EM colonisation at both low and high phosphorus availability, but there was no relationship between growth and ectomycorrhizal colonisation. Promotion of phosphorus uptake by arbuscular mycorrhizas and ectomycorrhizas at low phosphorus availability is consistent with the co-occurrence of the two types of mycorrhiza in tropical rain forests where available soil phosphorus is low. However, ectomycorrhizal colonisation may also be of advantage where inputs of phosphorus rich litter raise the phosphorus status of the soil, as seen in the groves of ectomycorrhizal trees in Korup National Park, and may be one of the factors reinforcing local dominance by these trees.

The influences of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus on phytostabilization of lead/zinc tailings using four plant species

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 739-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai-Hong Gu ◽  
Zheng Zhou ◽  
Yu-Qian Gao ◽  
Xue-Tao Yuan ◽  
Yan-Jun Ai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Lead Zinc

scholarly journals Plant health status effects on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with Lavandula angustifolia and Lavandula intermedia infected by Phytoplasma in France

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie- Noëlle Binet ◽  
Camille Marchal ◽  
Justine Lipuma ◽  
Roberto A. Geremia ◽  
Olivier Bagarri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Plant Health ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Lavandula Angustifolia ◽  
Amf Communities

AbstractWe investigated root communities of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in relation to lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) and lavandin (Lavandula intermedia) health status from organic and conventional fields affected by Phytoplasma infection. The intensity of root mycorrhizal colonization was significantly different between diseased and healthy plants and was higher in the latter regardless of agricultural practice. This difference was more pronounced in lavender. The root AMF diversity was influenced by the plant health status solely in lavender and only under the conventional practice resulting in an increase in the AMF abundance and richness. The plant health status did not influence the distribution of root AMF communities in lavandin unlike its strong impact in lavender in both agricultural practices. Finally, among the most abundant molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs), four different MOTUs for each plant species were significantly abundant in the roots of healthy lavender and lavandin in either agricultural practice. Our study demonstrated that the plant health status influences root colonization and can influence the diversity and distribution of root AMF communities. Its effects vary according to plant species, can be modified by agricultural practices and allow plants to establish symbiosis with specific AMF species.

scholarly journals Benefits of Native Mycorrhizal Amendments to Perennial Agroecosystems Increases with Field Inoculation Density

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liz Koziol ◽  
Timothy E. Crews ◽  
James D. Bever
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Field Inoculation ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Inoculation Density

Perennial polyculture cropping systems are a novel agroecological approach used to mirror some of the ecological benefits provided by native perennial ecosystems including increased carbon and nitrogen storage, more stable soils, and reduced anthropogenic input. Plants selected for perennial agroecosystems are often closely related to native perennials known to be highly dependent on microbiome biota, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. However, most plantings take place in highly disturbed soils where tillage and chemical use may have rendered the AM fungal communities less abundant and ineffective. Studies of mycorrhizal amendments include inoculation densities of 2–10,000 kg of inocula per hectare. These studies report variable results that may depend on inocula volume, composition, or nativeness. Here, we test the response of 19 crop plant species to a native mycorrhizal fungal community in a greenhouse and field experiment. In our field experiment, we chose eight different densities of AM fungal amendment, ranging from 0 to 8192 kg/hectare, representing conventional agricultural practices (no AM fungi addition), commercial product density recommendations, and higher densities more typical of past scientific investigation. We found that plant species that benefited from native mycorrhizal inocula in the greenhouse also benefited from inoculation in the field polyculture planting. However, the densities of mycorrhizal inocula suggested on commercial mycorrhizal products were ineffective, and higher concentrations were required to detect significant benefit plant growth and survival. These data suggest that higher concentrations of mycorrhizal amendment or perhaps alternative distribution methods may be required to utilize native mycorrhizal amendment in agroecology systems.

Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal colonisation on shoot and root decomposition of different plant species and species mixtures

2011 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 466-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Urcelay ◽  
María Victoria Vaieretti ◽  
Marisela Pérez ◽  
Sandra Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Root Decomposition ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonisation ◽  
Species Mixtures

scholarly journals ATP-Dependent but Proton Gradient-Independent Polyphosphate-Synthesizing Activity in Extraradical Hyphae of an Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus

2009 ◽  
Vol 75 (22) ◽  
pp. 7044-7050 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiharu Tani ◽  
Ryo Ohtomo ◽  
Mitsuru Osaki ◽  
Yukari Kuga ◽  
Tatsuhiro Ezawa
Keyword(s):  
Gradient Centrifugation ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizas ◽  
Compartment System ◽  
Extraradical Hyphae ◽  
System A ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Mesh Bag

ABSTRACT Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi benefit their host plants by supplying phosphate obtained from the soil. Polyphosphate is thought to act as the key intermediate in this process, but little is currently understood about how polyphosphate is synthesized or translocated within arbuscular mycorrhizas. Glomus sp. strain HR1 was grown with marigold in a mesh bag compartment system, and extraradical hyphae were harvested and fractionated by density gradient centrifugation. Using this approach, three distinct layers were obtained: layers 1 and 2 were composed of amorphous and membranous materials, together with mitochondria, lipid bodies, and electron-opaque bodies, and layer 3 was composed mainly of partially broken hyphae and fragmented cell walls. The polyphosphate kinase/luciferase system, a highly sensitive polyphosphate detection method, enabled the detection of polyphosphate-synthesizing activity in layer 2 in the presence of ATP. This activity was inhibited by vanadate but not by bafilomycin A1 or a protonophore, suggesting that ATP may not energize the reaction through H+-ATPase but may act as a direct substrate in the reaction. This report represents the first demonstration that AM fungi possess polyphosphate-synthesizing activity that is localized in the organelle fraction and not in the cytosol or at the plasma membrane.

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