The basal phylogeny of Scarabaeoidea (Insecta : Coleoptera) inferred from larval morphology

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasily V. Grebennikov ◽  
Clarke H. Scholtz
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Total Evidence ◽  
Larval Morphology ◽  
Consensus Tree ◽  
Strict Consensus Tree ◽  
The Family ◽  
Evidence Analysis

Larvae of 60 genera representing the following families and subfamilies of Scarabaeoidea were studied and analysed phylogenetically: Lucanidae (Aesalinae, Nicaginae, Syndesinae, Lampriminae, Lucaninae), Passalidae (Passalinae, Aulacocyclinae), Trogidae, Pleocomidae, Geotrupidae (Taurocerastinae, Lethrinae, Geotrupinae), Bolboceratidae, Ceratocanthidae, Hybosoridae, Glaphyridae, Scarabaeidae (Aphodiinae, Scarabaeinae, Melolonthinae, Dynastinae, Cetoniinae). Seventy-eight larval morphological characters were employed in the analysis. Our data confirm that Dascillidae are not closely related to Scarabaeoidea. The monophyly of the superfamily is supported by 20 apomorphic character states, 18 of them unique. Monophyly of the following scarabaeoid clades is supported (with the number of larval synapomorphies followed by the bootstrap value in parentheses): Scarabaeoidea without Passalidae (6/67), Passalidae (9/100), Pleocomidae (11/93), Trogidae (8/93), Glaphyridae (10/96), Lucanidae (9/95), Ceratocanthidae + Hybosoridae (5/74), Scarabaeinae (9/98). The family Ceratocanthidae was found to be paraphyletic with respect to Hybosoridae. Monophyly of the family Scarabaeidae is not supported. The resolution of the basal parts of the strict consensus tree is higher when using Dascillidae + Eulichadidae v. Agyrtidae + Helophoridae as an outgroup, but the differences in topology become insignificant after bootstrapping. It is suggested that larval morphology alone is not an adequate tool to address basal relationships of Scarabaeoidea and a total evidence analysis should be performed.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic relationships within the Pylochelidae (Decapoda: Anomura: Paguroidea): A cladistic analysis based on morphological characters

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2022 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
RAFAEL LEMAITRE ◽  
PATSY A. MCLAUGHLIN ◽  
ULF SORHANNUS
Keyword(s):  
Hermit Crab ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Data Matrix ◽  
Parsimony Analysis ◽  
Consensus Tree ◽  
Strict Consensus Tree ◽  
The Family

Phylogenetic relationships within the “symmetrical” hermit crab family Pylochelidae were analyzed for 41 of the 45 species and subspecies currently considered valid. In the analyses, 78 morphological characters comprised the data matrix and the outgroup consisted of Thalassina anomala, a member of the Thalassinidae, and Munida quadrispina, a member of the Galatheidae. A poorly resolved strict consensus tree was obtained from a heuristic parsimony analysis of unweighted and unordered characters, which showed the family Pylochelidae and the subfamilies Pylochelinae and Pomatochelinae to be monophyletic taxa – the latter two groups had the highest Bremer support values. Additionally, while the subgenus Pylocheles (Pylocheles) was strongly supported, the subgenera Xylocheles, and Bathycheles were not. More fully resolved trees were obtained when using implied weighting, which recognized the monotypic subfamilies Parapylochelinae, Cancellochelinae and Mixtopagurinae. The subfamily Trizochelinae was found to have four distinct clades and several ambiguously placed taxa.

Phylogeny of the family Spongicolidae (Crustacea: Stenopodidea): evolutionary trend from shallow-water free-living to deep-water sponge-associated habitat

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomomi Saito ◽  
Masatsune Takeda
Keyword(s):  
Deep Water ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Evolutionary Trend ◽  
Consensus Tree ◽  
Strict Consensus Tree ◽  
Free Living ◽  
The Family ◽  
Outgroup Species ◽  
Hexactinellid Sponges

The phylogenetic relationships within the family Spongicolidae were examined based on a cladistic analysis of 38 adult morphological characters with reference to two outgroup species of the family Stenopodidae. The strict consensus tree identified Microprosthema as the most basal genus, followed by Paraspongicola, Spongicola and the remaining genera. The Spongicoloides represents the most derived genus among spongicolids. The genera Spongicola, Spongicoloides and Spongiocaris should be redefined, because they formed paraphyletic clades. The cladogram indicates that symbiosis with the hexactinellid sponges is coincident with the loss of gills, exopods on maxillipeds 2 and 3, and with the loss of spination on carapace, pereopods, abdomen, tail fan etc. These losses in the spongicolids are thought to be secondarily derived in relation to their sponge-associated habitat.

A giant within Carpocorini (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae): Description of Adustonotus graziae sp. nov.

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4958 (1) ◽  
pp. 489-502
Author(s):  
FILIPE MICHELS BIANCHI
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characters ◽  
The Other ◽  
Total Evidence ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Internal Genitalia ◽  
Evidence Analysis ◽  
Heteroptera Pentatomidae

The Carpocorini are distributed worldwide, and it is one of the most speciose tribes within the Pentatomidae with 127 genera and more than 500 valid species. Recently, Adustonotus Bianchi was described to contain eight species formerly placed within Euschistus Dallas. Among them, Adustonotus grandis (Rolston) and Adustonotus latus (Dallas) are remarkable for their large size. Herein, the phylogenetic position of a new taxon is inferred by a total evidence analysis based on 85 morphological characters and four molecular markers. Adustonotus graziae sp. nov. is described, and is recovered in a polytomic lineage, including A. grandis and A. latus. These species share a solid combination of features that enable them to be separated from the other Adustonotus species (e.g., large size, the humeral angles spatulate and exceptionally produced, and the capsula seminalis shortened). Illustrations of external and internal genitalia, and a distributional map are provided. 

A cladistic analysis of the Old World species of Lotus L. (Fabaceae: Loteae)

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana M Arambarri
Keyword(s):  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Comparison Method ◽  
Data Matrix ◽  
Consensus Tree ◽  
Strict Consensus Tree ◽  
World Species ◽  
Old World ◽  
Species Phylogeny ◽  
The World

The diagnostic characters of the genus Lotus L. are a claw with a thickened infolded margin, diadelphous stamens, and a style hardened from the base. This genus contains about 100 species that are distributed throughout the world. To investigate the phylogeny of the Old World species of Lotus, subgenus Edentolotus, sections Krokeria, Xantholotus, and Erythrolotus, a cladistic analysis was performed using 31 morphological characters. To test the phylogenetic relationships among species of Lotus-Edentolotus and Dorycnium, Pedrosia, and Tetragonolobus, these taxa were included as part of the ingroup. The polarity of the characters was based on the outgroup comparison method, using Anthyllis as one outgroup and Tripodion as another. The analysis with Anthyllis as outgroup yielded eight equally parsimonious trees (with all characters equally weighted), each with 62 steps, a consistency index of 0.53, and a retention index of 0.75. All trees (including the strict consensus tree from the eight initial trees) showed that genus Lotus, subgenus Edentolotus, and sections Xantholotus and Erythrolotus are polyphyletic, with only section Krokeria appearing as monophyletic. On the other hand, the groups of species Lotus angustissimus, Lotus corniculatus, Lotus creticus, and Lotus peregrinus are monophyletic. Identical results were derived from the data matrix using Tripodion as the outgroup. Results are compared with previous cytogenetic and biochemical evidence.Key words: cladistic analysis, Fabaceae, Loteae, Lotus, Old World species, phylogeny.

Larval morphology of the Palaearctic genera Deronectes Sharp and Scarodytes Gozis (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Hydroporinae), with implications for the phylogeny of the Deronectes-group of genera

1999 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Hendrich ◽  
Yves Alarie ◽  
Anders N. Nilsson
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Larval Morphology ◽  
Consensus Tree ◽  
Strict Consensus Tree ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Monophyletic Origin ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Statistical Support

AbstractDescription of larval instars of Deronectes depressicollis Rosenhauer 1856, D. lareynii (Fair-maire 1858), D. latus (Stephens 1829), D. aubei (Mulsant 1843), and Scarodytes halensis (Fabricius 1787) is presented including a detailed chaetotaxic and porotaxic analysis of the cephalic capsule, head appendages, legs, last abdominal scgment and urogomphi. A phylogenetic analysis of 14 genera of the tribe Hydroporini, based on 22 larval characteristics was conducted with Hennig86. Three of the branches of the strict consensus tree have a statistical support greater than 60% according to the Parsimony Jackknifer. One of the supported clades is Antiporus Sharp + Nebrioporus Régimbart + Neonectes J. Balfour-Browne + Oreodytes Seidlitz + Stictotarsus Zimmermann + Scarodytes Gozis, of which the sister-group is the genus Deronectes Sharp. Consequently larval characters, in contrast to adult characters support the inclusion of Antiporus, Neonectes and Oreodytes in the Deronectes-group of genera. All members of this clade are characterized by: (i) presence of an occipital suture in first instar, (ii) presence of a constriction at level of occipital suture, (iii) absence of maxillary cardo, and (iv) insertion of the primary seta MX I on the maxillary stipes. Scarodytes is postulated to share a monophyletic origin with Nebrioporus, Stictotarsus, and Antiporus based on (i) the presence of natatory setae on femora, tibiae, and tarsi and (ii) the shape of the urogomphomere I which is more than 3.10 times longer than urogomphomere 2.

Siamosuchus phuphokensis, a new goniopholidid from the Early Cretaceous (ante-Aptian) of northeastern Thailand

2007 ◽  
Vol 178 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Komsorn Lauprasert ◽  
Gilles Cuny ◽  
Eric Buffetaut ◽  
Varavudh Suteethorn ◽  
Kumthorn Thirakhupt
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Postcranial Skeleton ◽  
Consensus Tree ◽  
Caudal Part ◽  
Strict Consensus Tree ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Right ◽  
High Median ◽  
Northeastern Thailand

Abstract A new taxon of a broad-snouted goniopholidid, Siamosuchus phuphokensis, gen. et sp. nov., was discovered in the Sao Khua Formation (ante-Aptian), northeastern Thailand. The specimen is described on the basis of an incomplete skeleton showing the premaxillae, maxillae, nasals, left lacrimal, frontal, left jugal, right postorbital, caudal part of the cranial table, most of the right part of the postcranial skeleton, and several heavily sculptured osteoderms. S. phuphokensis is distinguished from the other broad-snouted goniopholidids on the basis of the following characters: penetration of the nasals in the narial border; presence of a robust and high median ridge on the interorbital surface; lateral margin of the frontal forming the medial edge of the orbit; supraoccipital exhibiting a wide pentagonal shape. A phylogenetic analysis using 101 characters for 29 mesoeucrocodylian taxa and 3 outgroup taxa supports the monophyly of the family Goniopholididae. In addition, the Thai specimen forms a clade with the European Goniopholis. Based on our strict consensus tree, the generic name Goniopholis should be restricted to the European forms only.

scholarly journals An appraisal of the phylogenetic relationships of Hypoptopomatini cascudinhos with description of two new genera and three new species (Siluriformes: Loricariidae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Laura S. Delapieve ◽  
Pablo Lehmann A ◽  
Roberto E. Reis
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Taxa ◽  
Retention Index ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Data Matrix ◽  
New Genera ◽  
Consensus Tree ◽  
Strict Consensus Tree ◽  
Three New Species

ABSTRACT The discovery of three new taxa of Hypoptotopomatini with ambiguous generic assignment prompted a reanalysis of the phylogenetic relationships of the tribe. The analysis focused on a data matrix of 56 terminals and 107 morphological characters comprising the three new taxa, most species of Hypoptopoma and Otocinclus, and all other species of the tribe. The 162 maximally parsimonious trees of 382 steps, consistency index of 0.41, and retention index of 0.83 were then summarized in a strict consensus tree. The results confirm the monophyly of the Hypoptopomatini, recover four genera as monophyletic (Acestridium, Hypoptopoma, Niobichthys, and Otocinclus), revealed Hypoptopoma and Oxyropsis to be non-monophyletic; and revealed two new genera within Hypoptopomatini. Additionally, Otocinclus was found to be sister to a group with all remaining genera of the tribe; Acestridium and Niobichthys were found to be sister to each other and that clade sister to a group formed by ((Leptotocinclus + Hypoptopoma [part]) + (Nannoxyropsis (Oxyropsis + Hypoptopoma [part]))). Based on this framework, changes to the classification and the taxonomy of the Hypoptopomatini are suggested and the new taxa are described.

scholarly journals Revision of the larval morphology (Zoea I) of the family Hippolytidae (Decapoda, Caridea), with a description of the first stage of the shrimp Hippolyte obliquimanus Dana, 1852

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2624 (1) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARIANA TEROSSI ◽  
JOSE A. CUESTA ◽  
INGO S. WEHRTMANN ◽  
FERNANDO L. MANTELATTO
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Intraspecific Variability ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Costa Rican ◽  
Zoeal Stage ◽  
Morphological Aspect ◽  
Ventral Margin ◽  
Larval Morphology ◽  
Anal Spine ◽  
The Family

The aim of this study was to summarize the available data on larval morphology of the first zoea of the family Hippolytidae and describe the first zoeal stage of H. obliquimanus from two geographically distinct populations, Brazilian and Caribbean in order to discuss interand intraspecific variability. Ovigerous females of Hippolyte obliquimanus were collected at Cahuita (Limón, Costa Rica) and at Ubatuba (São Paulo, Brazil). We compiled the published descriptions of all available hippolytid Zoea I (66 spp., 21%), and all zoeae share several characteristics. However, such morphological features cannot be used to distinguish the first zoeae of Hippolytidae from other caridean larvae. Historically, the presence of an exopodal seta at the maxillule and the absence of the anal spine/papilla have been considered as characteristic for the Zoea I of the genus Hippolyte. The results of our revision, however, did not support these conclusions: although H. obliquimanus showed an exopodal seta at the maxillule, four congeners did not bear such structure; moreover, H. obliquimanus as well as one other congener have an anal spine/papilla. All morphological characters observed in the first zoeal stage of H. obliquimanus are shared with others species of the family Hippolytidae. Intraspecific variability in Hippolyte obliquimanus was detected in one morphological aspect: the first zoea had four denticles on the ventral margin of the carapace in the Brazilian population, while specimens from the Costa Rican population had three.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic Systematics of the Family Pentacerotidae(Actinopterygii: Order Perciformes)

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3366 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
SEONG-YONG KIM
Keyword(s):  
Family Members ◽  
Monophyletic Group ◽  
Phylogenetic Systematics ◽  
Consensus Tree ◽  
Strict Consensus Tree ◽  
Center Of Origin ◽  
Region I ◽  
The Family ◽  
Lateral Ethmoid ◽  
Transformation Series

The osteologic and myologic characteristics of the family Pentacerotidae are described in detail. The family Pentaceroti-dae is a monophyletic group supported by 11 synapomorphies found in all family members. Of their synapomorphies, two(the second infraorbital and endopterygoid articulate with lateral ethmoid conditions) are considerably rare in percoidsand strongly support the monophyly of the family. A comparison of 44 transformation series among all species revealedfour equally parsimonious trees, and a strict consensus tree was adopted. On the basis of the inferred phylogenetic rela-tionships of the Pentacerotidae, this family was cladistically classified into two subfamilies and seven genera: Histiopter-inae (Histiopterus, Evistias, Zanclistius, Pentaceropsis, Paristiopterus, and Parazanclistius) and Pentacerotinae(Pentaceros). The center of origin of pentacerotids was inferred to be the Southern Australian region. I propose that the two families, Ostracoberycidae and Chaetodontidae, are closely related with Pentacerotidae.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic systematics of the driftwood catfishes (Siluriformes: Auchenipteridae): a combined morphological and molecular analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 187 (3) ◽  
pp. 661-773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bárbara B Calegari ◽  
Richard P Vari ◽  
Roberto E Reis
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Optimality Criteria ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Systematics ◽  
Species Relationships ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Consensus Tree ◽  
Strict Consensus Tree ◽  
The Family

Abstract A comprehensive phylogeny of species relationships of the Auchenipteridae is reconstructed here with a large-scale taxon sampling based on combined morphological and molecular datasets. The hypothesized phylogeny includes most species of Auchenipteridae (97 of 124 valid species) and multiple members of siluriform families as an outgroup (32 species) to embrace the diversity of forms among related catfishes. As the first large-scale phylogeny of the Auchenipteridae, comparison between taxa included information from both morphology (264 characters) and mitochondrial and nuclear molecular markers (3490 nucleotides) from five genes: coI, 16S, rag2, myh6 and SH3PX3. Trees were generated under two different optimality criteria (Maximum Parsimony and Bayesian Inference). A new classification for the family is presented herein to bring the taxonomy more in line with the new phylogenetic hypothesis. The strict consensus tree corroborates the monophyly of superfamily Doradoidea, family Auchenipteridae and its two subfamilies, Centromochlinae and Auchenipterinae. The new classification scheme proposes nine tribes in Auchenipteridae, based on the monophyly of major groups in both subfamilies. Centromochlus, Glanidium and Tatia are each recovered as paraphyletic. To maintain a monophyletic classification, some species treated as Tatia and Centromochlus are assigned to genera not previously recognized as valid.

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