Changes in biological parameters of Atlantic sharpnose shark Rhizoprionodon terraenovae in the Gulf of Mexico: evidence for density-dependent growth and maturity?

Biological parameters of the Atlantic sharpnose shark Rhizoprionodon terraenovae in the northern Gulf of Mexico were re-examined to test for potential changes due to density dependent responses. Biological data from published studies in the Gulf of Mexico collected during the period 1979–1984 were compared with data collected during the period 1998–2001. For combined sexes, the von Bertalanffy growth parameters were L∞ = 110.8 cm total length, K = 0.39 year–1 and to = –0.86 year during 1984 and L∞ = 94.0 cm total length, K = 0.73 year–1 and to = –0.88 year during 1998–2001. Median size for males and females at maturity decreased from approximately 78.3 and 80.2�cm total length (TL), respectively, in 1979–1980 to 72.6 and 75.8 cm TL, respectively, in 1998–2001. Age at maturity for combined sexes also decreased from 2.3 years in 1979–1980 to 1.4 years in 1998–2001. Litter size was similar between periods (5.0 embryos), as was the average size of embryos close to parturition (32 cm TL; 130–150�g). Growth rates using observed mean size-at-age data were higher from 1998–2001 for early ages (0–2.5 years). The observed decrease in maturity and increased growth rate lends support to the hypothesis of a compensatory response, although it could not be fully determined whether the response was due to differences in methodology among studies, anthropogenic influences or natural causes.