Use of stereo baited remote underwater video systems to estimate the presence and size of white sharks (Carcharodon carcharias)

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 1391 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Harasti ◽  
K. A. Lee ◽  
R. Laird ◽  
R. Bradford ◽  
B. Bruce
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Fish Assemblages ◽  
New South ◽  
Underwater Video ◽  
Carcharodon Carcharias ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Video Systems ◽  
Near Shore ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Non Destructive

Stereo baited remote underwater video systems (stereo-BRUVs) are commonly used to assess fish assemblages and, more recently, to record the localised abundance and size of sharks. The present study investigated the occurrence and size of white sharks (Carcharodon carcharias) in the near-shore environment off Bennett’s Beach, part of a known nursery area for the species in central New South Wales, Australia. Six stereo-BRUV units were deployed approximately fortnightly between August and December 2015 for periods of 5h in depths of 7–14m. Stereo-BRUVs successfully recorded 34 separate sightings of 22 individual white sharks. The highest number of individuals detected during a single day survey was eight. All C. carcharias observed on stereo-BRUVs were juveniles ranging in size from 1.50 to 2.46-m total length (mean±s.e., 1.91±0.05m; n=22). The time to first appearance ranged from 15 to 299min (mean±s.e., 148±15min). This study demonstrates that the use of stereo-BRUVs is a viable, non-destructive method to obtain estimates of the size and presence of white sharks, and may be useful in estimating relative abundance in near-shore environments where white sharks are known to frequent.

Spatial variability in the nekton of a canal estate in southern New South Wales, Australia, and its implications for estuarine management

1995 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 715 ◽  
Author(s):  
MP Lincoln Smith ◽  
PMH Hawes ◽  
FJ Duque-Portugal
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Estuarine Management ◽  
Main Canal ◽  
Number Of Individuals

The nekton of a canal development in NSW, Australia, is described. Two sites each were sampled from the main canal and in end canals. The main canal had more species of fish than did the end canals, but the number of individuals was similar between locations. Abundance of particular species showed three patterns: species that were more abundant in either location, species that varied between locations and sites, and species that did not differ significantly in abundance. There was little evidence that the nekton from the end canals, which are presumably less well flushed, was depauperate compared with the main canal. Surveys of nekton in canal estates should incorporate spatial variability at two or more scales so that the effects of these human developments can be assessed properly.

scholarly journals The association between general practitioner regularity of care and ‘high use’ hospitalisation

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachael E. Moorin ◽  
David Youens ◽  
David B. Preen ◽  
Cameron M. Wright
Keyword(s):  
General Practitioner ◽  
New South ◽  
Population Attributable Fraction ◽  
Productive Efficiency ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Hypothetical Scenario ◽  
Extended Length ◽  
Sequential Reduction ◽  
Gp Care ◽  
Number Of Individuals

Abstract Background In Australia, as in many high income countries, there has been a movement to improve out-of-hospital care. If primary care improvements can yield appropriately lower hospital use, this would improve productive efficiency. This is especially important among ‘high cost users’, a small group of patients accounting for disproportionately high hospitalisation costs. This study aimed to assess the association between regularity of general practitioner (GP) care and ‘high use’ hospitalisation. Methods This retrospective, cohort study used linked administrative and survey data from the 45 and Up Study, conducted in New South Wales, Australia. The exposure was regularity of GP care between 1 July 2005 and 30 June 2009, categorised by quintile (lowest to highest). Outcomes were ‘high use’ of hospitalisation (defined as ≥3 and ≥ 5 admissions within 12 months), extended length of stay (LOS, ≥30 days), a combined metric (≥3 hospitalisations in a 12 month period where ≥1 hospitalisation was ≥30 days) and 30-day readmission between 1 July 2009 and 31 December 2017. Associations were assessed using multivariable logistic regression. Potential for outcome prevention in a hypothetical scenario where all individuals attain the highest GP regularity was estimated via the population attributable fraction (PAF). Results Of 253,500 eligible participants, 15% had ≥3 and 7% had ≥5 hospitalisations in a 12-month period. Five percent of the cohort had a hospitalisation lasting ≥30 days and 25% had a readmission within 30 days. Compared with lowest regularity, highest regularity was associated with between 6% (p < 0.001) and 11% (p = 0.027) lower odds of ‘high use’. There was a 7–8% reduction in odds for all regularity levels above ‘low’ regularity for LOS ≥30 days. Otherwise, there was no clear sequential reduction in ‘high use’ with increasing regularity. The PAF associated with a move to highest regularity ranged from 0.05 to 0.13. The number of individuals who could have had an outcome prevented was estimated to be between 269 and 2784, depending on outcome. Conclusions High GP regularity is associated with a decreased likelihood of ‘high use’ hospitalisation, though for most outcomes there was not an apparent linear association with regularity.

scholarly journals Complex yet fauna-deficient seagrass ecosystems at risk in southern Myanmar

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin L. Jones ◽  
Leanne C. Cullen-Unsworth ◽  
Robert Howard ◽  
Richard K.F. Unsworth
Keyword(s):  
Fish Assemblages ◽  
Marine Ecosystems ◽  
Global Studies ◽  
Baseline Assessment ◽  
Underwater Video ◽  
Associated Fauna ◽  
Seagrass Meadows ◽  
Marine Park ◽  
Video Systems ◽  
Seagrass Ecosystems

AbstractDependence on seafood across Southeast Asia is extensive. Myanmar is no exception, but the country’s provisioning marine ecosystems are threatened. Seagrass is one habitat that is frequently overlooked in management as an important fisheries resource, despite its nursery function. In Myanmar, research on seagrass habitats is particularly sparse, and as a result, our understanding of seagrass exploitation remains limited. In this study, we provide a baseline assessment of the seagrass-associated fish assemblages at four locations in the Myeik Archipelago in southern Myanmar using mono Baited Remote Underwater Video systems. Across the sites surveyed only 12 taxa of motile fauna were recorded. Relative to other regional and global studies, this figure is meagre. Our data adds to a growing literature suggesting that the marine ecosystems of Myanmar are in a worrying state. Despite the lack of recorded seagrass associated fauna, our study revealed minimal impacts to seagrass meadows from eutrophication or sedimentation, and the meadows included appeared to be healthy. The sites with the highest number of motile fauna were within Myanmar’s only National Marine Park offering some optimism for the effectiveness of protection, but further assessments are required to allow targeted management of Myanmar’s seagrass meadows.

Spatial, seasonal and biological analysis of sharks caught in the New South Wales protective beach meshing programme

1994 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 1087 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Krogh
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Carcharodon Carcharias ◽  
Galeocerdo Cuvier ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Catch Rates ◽  
Regional Associations ◽  
High Catch ◽  
Carcharias Taurus

Data for the catches of sharks at each beach meshed in New South Wales are presented for the period from October 1972 to December 1990. High catch rates of sharks were observed at a number of these beaches. Comparison of the catches of sharks at each beach by means of hierarchical clustering and nonmetric multidimensional scaling revealed regional associations as well as some unusual relationships. Beaches at either end of each netted region (i.e. Newcastle, Sydney or Wollongong) tended to have higher catches than did beaches in the centre of each region. Hammerhead sharks (Sphyrna spp.) had significantly higher catch rates on long open beaches. Significantly higher catches of whaler (Carcharhinus spp.), white (Carcharodon carcharias), and tiger (Galeocerdo cuvier) sharks occurred when deeper water was closer to the beach. Limited biological and seasonal data are also presented for the 11 species or species groups: Sphyrna spp., Carcharhinus spp., Squatina austmlis, Heterodontus spp., Carcharodon carcharias, Galeocerdo cuvier, Carcharias taurus, Notorynchus cepedianus, Alopias spp., Isurus oxyrinchus and Orectolobus spp.

Fire, humans and climate as drivers of environmental change on Broughton Island, New South Wales, Australia

The Holocene ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (11) ◽  
pp. 1528-1539
Author(s):  
Scott D. Mooney ◽  
Geoffrey Hope ◽  
Dylan Horne ◽  
Johan Kamminga ◽  
Alan N. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Fire Regime ◽  
New South ◽  
Climatic Variability ◽  
Fire Regimes ◽  
Anthropogenic Activity ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Arboreal Pollen ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Near Shore ◽  
Obvious Feature

In Australia, the drivers of precolonial fire regimes remain contentious, with some advocating an anthropogenic-dominated regime, and others highlighting the importance of climate, climatic variability or alternatively some nexus between climate and human activity. Here, we explore the inter-relationships between fire, humans and vegetation using macroscopic charcoal, archaeology and palynology over the last ~5430 cal. year BP from Broughton Island, a small, near-shore island located in eastern Australia. We find a clear link between fire and the reduction of arboreal pollen and rainforest indicators on the island, especially at ~4.0 ka and in the last ~1000 years. Similarities with comparable palaeoenvironmental records of fire in the region and a record of strong El Niño (dry, fire-prone) events supports the contention that climate was a significant influence on the fire regimes of Broughton Island. However, two periods of enhanced fire activity, at ~4000 years BP and ~<600 years BP have weaker links to climate, and perhaps reflect anthropogenic activity. Changes to the fire regime in the last ~600 years corresponds with the earliest evidence of Indigenous archaeology on the island, and coincides with implications that Polynesian people were present in the region. After the mid-Twentieth Century a human-dominated fire regime is also an obvious feature of the reconstructed fire record on Broughton Island.

Distribution and Relative Abundance of Feral Goats in the Rangelands of Eastern Australia.

1993 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 331 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Southwell ◽  
K Weaver ◽  
N Sheppard ◽  
P Morris
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Aerial Survey ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Goat Population ◽  
Arid Rangelands ◽  
Feral Goat ◽  
Semi Arid

An aerial survey of 966,000 km2 of the arid/semi-arid rangelands of Queensland and New South Wales in the winter of 1992 indicated a minimum feral goat population of almost 1 million animals (density 0.97�0.12/km2). Observed density (f standard error) was higher in New South Wales (1.51�0.23/km2) than in Queensland (0.47�0.09/km2).

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