Behavioural responses of Polinices incei (Gastopoda : Naticidae) to diesel oil contamination in sediments

1988 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 435 ◽  
Author(s):  
HF Chapman ◽  
RL Kitching ◽  
JM Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Significant Response ◽  
Oil Contamination ◽  
Lethal Effects ◽  
Behavioural Responses ◽  
Total Length ◽  
Intertidal Gastropod

The effects of diesel oil on burying and crawling behaviour in the intertidal gastropod Polinices incei are presented. Burying was examined by recording the number of animals buried after exposure to pollutant for 30 min and 24 h. Crawling activity was estimated by measuring the total length of track left in the sediment by a given number of snails over a set time. Both activities were reduced in the presence of diesel oil. Concentrations required to produce a significant response in terms of burial after 30 min and of crawling activity were greater than the 96-h LD50. Only the burying response after 24 h paralleled the 96-h LD50; its potential as an indicator of lethal effects is discussed.

scholarly journals Simulation of Microbial Response to Accidental Diesel Spills in Basins Containing Brackish Sea Water and Sediment

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijuan Yan ◽  
Nan Hui ◽  
Suvi Simpanen ◽  
Laura Tudeer ◽  
Martin Romantschuk
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Ecological Impact ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Oil Contamination ◽  
Bacterial Phyla ◽  
Littoral Sediment

The brackish Baltic Sea is under diesel oil pollution risk due to heavy ship traffic. The situation is exasperated by densely distributed marinas and a vigorous although seasonal recreational boating. The seasonality and physical environmental variations hamper the monitoring of microbial communities in response to diesel oil spills. Hence, an 8-week simulation experiment was established in metal basins (containing 265 L sea water and 18 kg quartz sand or natural shore sand as the littoral sediment) to study the effect of accidental diesel oil spills on microbial communities. Our results demonstrated that microbial communities in the surface water responded to diesel oil contamination, whereas those in the littoral sediment did not, indicating that diesel oil degradation mainly happened in the water. Diesel oil decreased the abundance of bacteria and fungi, but increased bacterial diversity in the water. Time was the predominant driver of microbial succession, attributable to the adaption strategies of microbes. Bacteria were more sensitive to diesel oil contamination than fungi and archaea. Diesel oil increased relative abundances of bacterial phyla, Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Flavobacteriia and Cytophagia, and fungal phylum Ascomycota in the surface water. Overall, this study improves the understanding of the immediate ecological impact of accidental diesel oil contamination, providing insights into risk management at the coastal area.

Differentiation Between Natural Hydrocarbons and Low Level Diesel Oil Contamination in Cooked Lobster Meat

1975 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 316-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Paradis ◽  
R. G. Ackman
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Column Chromatography ◽  
Lipid Extraction ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Extraction Column ◽  
Oil Contamination ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Total Lipid Extraction ◽  
Temperature Programmed ◽  
Normal Background

A combination of total lipid extraction, column chromatography, and temperature-programmed gas chromatography was required to demonstrate disputed low level diesel oil contamination in cooked lobster meat. A specific diesel oil contaminant was indicated but identifiable components were not greatly in excess of the same compounds which were also found to be a normal background in organoleptically acceptable canned lobster meat.

scholarly journals Effect of nutrient enrichments on the bacterial assemblage of Antarctic soils contaminated by diesel or crude oil

Polar Record ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 309-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Delille ◽  
E. Pelletier ◽  
B. Delille ◽  
F. Coulon
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Oil Contamination ◽  
Bacterial Assemblage ◽  
Antarctic Soils ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Terre Adélie

There is an urgent need to develop new technologies to address the problem of soil remediation in high-latitude regions. A field study was initiated in January 1997 in two contaminated soils in Terre Adélie (Antarctica) with the objective of determining the long-term effectiveness of two bioremediation agents on total and hydrocarbon-degrading microbial assemblages under severe Antarctic conditions. This study was conducted in two steps, from January to July 1997 and from February to November 1999 in the Géologie Archipelago (Terre Adélie, 66°40′S, 140°01′E). Changes in bacterial communities were monitored in situ after crude oil or diesel addition in a series of 600 cm2 soil sectors (20×30 cm). Four contaminated sectors were used for each experiment: diesel oil (10 ml), diesel oil (10 ml) + fertilizer (1 ml), Arabian light crude oil (10 ml), and crude oil (10 ml) + fertilizer (1 ml). Two different bioremediation agents were used: a slow release fertilizer Inipol EAP-22 (Elf Atochem) in 1997 and a fish compost in 1999. Plots were sampled on a regular basis during a three-year period. All samples were analysed for total, saprophytic psychrophilic, and hydrocarbon-utilising bacteria. A one order of magnitude increase of saprophytic and hydrocarbon-utilising micro-organisms occurred during the first month of the experiment in most of the contaminated enclosures, but no clear differences appeared between fertilized and unfertilized plots. Diesel-oil contamination induced a significant increase of all bacterial parameters in all contaminated soils. Crude-oil contamination had no clear effects on microbial assemblages. It was clear that the microbial response could be rapid and efficient in spite of the severe weather conditions. However, microbial growth was not clearly improved in the presence of bioremediation agents.

Water monitoring system for oil contamination using polymer-coated quartz crystal microbalance chemical sensor

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 175-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ueyama ◽  
K. Hijikata ◽  
J. Hirotsuji
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Quartz Crystal Microbalance ◽  
Quartz Crystal ◽  
Chemical Sensor ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Water Monitoring ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Organic Polymer ◽  
Oil Contamination

A water monitoring system with a new chemical sensor for oil contamination was developed. The sensor had an organic polymer film on a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). The organic film was a hydrocarbon polymer and had high affinities for the organic compounds of petroleum products such as gasoline, kerosene, diesel oil and fuel oil. The monitoring system was composed of a sampling part, a purging part, a humidity control part and a sensor part. The oil in contaminated river water could be detected whose threshold odour number (TON) was less than three. The detecting time was less than 5 min depending on the oil kindness. This system was tested using artificially contaminated river water with the oils, to be found that the sensitivity was kept steady for longer than 6 months with 400 detections of diesel oil and heavy oil. Moreover, the oil kind could be discriminated with only one sensor device by analyzing the desorption response curves obtained by flowing a clean air on the sensor instead of the purging air.

scholarly journals The influence of diesel oil contamination on soil enzymes activity

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 58-62
Author(s):  
J. Wyszkowska ◽  
J. Kucharski ◽  
E. Wałdowska
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Oil Contamination ◽  
Soil Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Soil Urease ◽  
Soil Enzymes Activity ◽  
Properties Of Soil

A pot experiment was conducted in order to examine the influence of soil contamination with diesel oil at 0.0, 2.4, 4.8 and 7.2 ml/kg on the activity of dehydrogenases, urease, acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase. The results indicated that diesel oil contamination of soil strongly inhibited the activity of dehydrogenases and soil urease, but had only a slight effect on the activity of acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase. The negative influence of diesel oil on the activity of dehydrogenases and urease was attenuated by soil inoculation with Streptomyces intermedius spores. The potential biochemical index of soil fertility computed from the soil enzymatic activity and carbon content was negatively correlated with diesel oil contamination and positively correlated with crop yield. Biochemical properties of soil were improved by oat cultivation.

Effect of Oil Contamination on Atterberg Limits of Soil

2011 ◽  
Vol 374-377 ◽  
pp. 336-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Tong ◽  
Wei Sheng Chen ◽  
Xi Lai Zheng ◽  
Mei Li
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Atterberg Limits ◽  
Oil Contamination ◽  
Plastic Limit ◽  
Atterberg Limit ◽  
Key Factor

Atterberg limit tests were preformed on diesel oil contaminated soil and crude oil contaminated soil. The results show that Atterberg limits reduced with increasing of diesel oil content. When crude oil content changed from 0 to 8%, it has little effect on Atterberg limits. However, it rose from 8% to 16%, plastic limit slightly decreased, but liquid limit increased remarkably. A "pseudo-viscosity" caused by crude oil is the key factor for this phenomenon.

scholarly journals Behavioural Responses and Mortality of Clarias gariepinus Juveniles Exposed to Acute Concentrations of Paraquat

2021 ◽  
pp. 49-54
Author(s):  
Okey I. B. ◽  
Ayotunde E. O. ◽  
Patrick B. U.
Keyword(s):  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Relative Toxicity ◽  
Lethal Effects ◽  
Cumulative Mortality ◽  
Behavioural Responses ◽  
Behavioural Changes ◽  
Aquatic Pollutants ◽  
Loss Of Balance ◽  
Toxicity Factor ◽  
Lethal Time

Paraquat is the most common contact and non- selective herbicide for exterminating vegetative pest. Fish are ideal sentinels for detecting aquatic pollutants and are largely used as bio indicators of environmental pollution. This study is aimed to determine the behavioural changes, lethal concentrations (LCs) and mean lethal time (MLT) of paraquat exposed to Clarias gariepinus. A 96 hours renewable bioassay was conducted with various paraquat concentrations 0.0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.0 and 1.25 mg/l. Behavioural changes and cumulative mortality were observed and recorded at 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hour. Behavioural changes such as air gulping, erratic swimming, loss of balance, excessive mucus secretion, discolouration and death were observed with severity increasing as concentration and duration of exposure increases. The LC50 values were decreased from 0.191mg/l (0.171 – 0.222) in 12 hour to 0.107mg/l (0.065 – 0.150) in 96 hour, while relative toxicity factor (TF) was increased from 1 to 1.79 times respectively. The 96hr MLT values were decreased from 91.18 hours (54.09-105.64) at the lowest concentration to 16.22 hours (9.06 – 25.15) at the highest concentration with relative toxicity time (RTT) increasing from 1 to 5.62 times. Herbicide should be apply with caution and studies on the sub lethal effects of paraquat on the haematological, biochemical and histological parameters of C. gariepinus juveniles will be necessary.

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