scholarly journals Simulation of Microbial Response to Accidental Diesel Spills in Basins Containing Brackish Sea Water and Sediment

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijuan Yan ◽  
Nan Hui ◽  
Suvi Simpanen ◽  
Laura Tudeer ◽  
Martin Romantschuk
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Ecological Impact ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Oil Contamination ◽  
Bacterial Phyla ◽  
Littoral Sediment

The brackish Baltic Sea is under diesel oil pollution risk due to heavy ship traffic. The situation is exasperated by densely distributed marinas and a vigorous although seasonal recreational boating. The seasonality and physical environmental variations hamper the monitoring of microbial communities in response to diesel oil spills. Hence, an 8-week simulation experiment was established in metal basins (containing 265 L sea water and 18 kg quartz sand or natural shore sand as the littoral sediment) to study the effect of accidental diesel oil spills on microbial communities. Our results demonstrated that microbial communities in the surface water responded to diesel oil contamination, whereas those in the littoral sediment did not, indicating that diesel oil degradation mainly happened in the water. Diesel oil decreased the abundance of bacteria and fungi, but increased bacterial diversity in the water. Time was the predominant driver of microbial succession, attributable to the adaption strategies of microbes. Bacteria were more sensitive to diesel oil contamination than fungi and archaea. Diesel oil increased relative abundances of bacterial phyla, Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Flavobacteriia and Cytophagia, and fungal phylum Ascomycota in the surface water. Overall, this study improves the understanding of the immediate ecological impact of accidental diesel oil contamination, providing insights into risk management at the coastal area.

Study on Purification of Oil-Polluted Sea Water by Rice Hull Adsorbent

2013 ◽  
Vol 295-298 ◽  
pp. 1245-1248
Author(s):  
Mei Yu Zhao ◽  
Yu Bo Cui ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
Ying Hui Liu ◽  
Hong Xin Li
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spills ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Rice Hull ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Marine Oil ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
Treatment Measures ◽  
Ocean Ecosystem

Oil spills and leakage accidents caused by oil exploitation, processing, transportation and use continue to pose environmental threat to global marine ecosystem. It has become an urgent task to prevent the ocean ecosystem from oil pollution and protect the marine resources. This paper introduces the negative effects of marine oil pollution and conventional treatment measures, briefly analyzes the great potential of rice hull adsorbent for purification of oil-polluted sea water and initially explored the adsorption effects of rice hull adsorbent. The experimental results indicated that after static adsorption at different dosage of rice hull adsorbent (0g, 4g, 8g, 12g, 16g, 20g), the oil removal efficiency got 65.3% when treated by rice hull adsorbent carbonized under the temperature of 350°C at dosage of 12g, which is prospective to help in treatment of marine oil residues in the future.

The effect of exposure to simulated ship fire-fighting spray systems on the transfer factor for the lung

1985 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 154-160
Author(s):  
Caroline S. M. Searing ◽  
F St C Golden
Keyword(s):  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Transfer Factor ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Sprinkler System ◽  
Fire Fighting ◽  
Oil Contamination ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Before And After

SummaryThe effect of inhalation of sea water mists of four different intensities (10, 20, 30 and 40 1 m−2 min−1) from a firefighting sprinkler system was investigated in seven volunteer subjects. Measurements of transfer factor taken before and after exposure to the sprays showed no consistent changes. Those changes that were evident were more pronounced following exposure to the less intense sprays, but it was considered that these were attributable to diesel oil contamination on that occasion. The effects of aspiration of diesel contaminated water and the diurnal variation in transfer factor are discussed.

scholarly journals Oil Pollution Affects the Central Metabolism of Keystone Vachellia (Acacia) Trees

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6660
Author(s):  
Marco Ferrante ◽  
Anuma Dangol ◽  
Shoshana Didi-Cohen ◽  
Gidon Winters ◽  
Vered Tzin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spills ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Keystone Species ◽  
Desert Ecosystem ◽  
Arid Environments ◽  
Central Metabolism ◽  
Adult Trees ◽  
Metabolite Profiles ◽  
One Year

Vachellia (formerly Acacia) trees are native to arid environments in Africa and the Arabian Peninsula, where they often support the local animal and plant communities acting as keystone species. The aim of this study was to examine whether oil pollution affected the central metabolism of the native keystone trees Vachellia tortilis (Forssk.) and V. raddiana (Savi), as either adults or seedlings. The study was conducted in the Evrona Nature Reserve, a desert ecosystem in southern Israel where two major oil spills occurred in 1975 and in 2014. Leaf samples were collected to analyze the central metabolite profiles from oil-polluted and unpolluted adult trees and from Vachellia seedlings growing in oil-polluted and unpolluted soils in an outdoor setup. We found that oil pollution had a stronger effect on one-year-old seedlings than on adult trees, reducing the levels of amino acids, sugars, and organic acids. While adult trees are mildly affected by oil pollution, the effects on young seedlings can cause a long-term reduction in the population of these keystone desert trees, ultimately threatening this entire ecosystem.

Compulsory civil liability insurance, financial security: An integral component of compensation for ship-source oil pollution damage

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 435-441
Author(s):  
Pham Van Tan
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Civil Liability ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Liability Insurance ◽  
Financial Security ◽  
Pollution Damage ◽  
Significant Harm ◽  
Oil Tankers

Oil pollution damage caused by oil spills at sea generally occurs on a large scale across numerous regions and countries, causing significant harm to marine ecosystems as well as worldwide economic loss. The costs are so severe in many instances that the owner of the ship responsible for the pollution cannot afford to pay compensation to those who have suffered loss. As a consequence, the need to cover oil pollution damages has given rise to compulsory liability insurance, which provides a financial guarantee against the costs of oil spills. Compulsory civil liability insurance has therefore become an indispensable part of the liability regime for owners of oil tankers and bunkers.

scholarly journals Characterization of microbial response to petroleum hydrocarbon contamination in a lacustrine ecosystem

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilio D’Ugo ◽  
Milena Bruno ◽  
Arghya Mukherjee ◽  
Dhrubajyoti Chattopadhyay ◽  
Roberto Giuseppetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbon ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Hydrocarbon Contamination ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbon Contamination ◽  
Microbial Response ◽  
Pollution Event ◽  
Hydrocarbonoclastic Potential

AbstractMicrobiomes of freshwater basins intended for human use remain poorly studied, with very little known about the microbial response to in situ oil spills. Lake Pertusillo is an artificial freshwater reservoir in Basilicata, Italy, and serves as the primary source of drinking water for more than one and a half million people in the region. Notably, it is located in close proximity to one of the largest oil extraction plants in Europe. The lake suffered a major oil spill in 2017, where approximately 400 tons of crude oil spilled into the lake; importantly, the pollution event provided a rare opportunity to study how the lacustrine microbiome responds to petroleum hydrocarbon contamination. Water samples were collected from Lake Pertusillo 10 months prior to and 3 months after the accident. The presence of hydrocarbons was verified and the taxonomic and functional aspects of the lake microbiome were assessed. The analysis revealed specialized successional patterns of lake microbial communities that were potentially capable of degrading complex, recalcitrant hydrocarbons, including aromatic, chloroaromatic, nitroaromatic, and sulfur containing aromatic hydrocarbons. Our findings indicated that changes in the freshwater microbial community were associated with the oil pollution event, where microbial patterns identified in the lacustrine microbiome 3 months after the oil spill were representative of its hydrocarbonoclastic potential and may serve as effective proxies for lacustrine oil pollution.

scholarly journals Multi-domain probiotic consortium as an alternative to chemical remediation of oil spills at coral reefs and adjacent sites

Microbiome ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise P. Silva ◽  
Helena D. M. Villela ◽  
Henrique F. Santos ◽  
Gustavo A. S. Duarte ◽  
José Roberto Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Oil Contamination ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Corexit 9500 ◽  
Coral Health ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Beginning in the last century, coral reefs have suffered the consequences of anthropogenic activities, including oil contamination. Chemical remediation methods, such as dispersants, can cause substantial harm to corals and reduce their resilience to stressors. To evaluate the impacts of oil contamination and find potential alternative solutions to chemical dispersants, we conducted a mesocosm experiment with the fire coral Millepora alcicornis, which is sensitive to environmental changes. We exposed M. alcicornis to a realistic oil-spill scenario in which we applied an innovative multi-domain bioremediator consortium (bacteria, filamentous fungi, and yeast) and a chemical dispersant (Corexit® 9500, one of the most widely used dispersants), to assess the effects on host health and host-associated microbial communities. Results The selected multi-domain microbial consortium helped to mitigate the impacts of the oil, substantially degrading the polycyclic aromatic and n-alkane fractions and maintaining the physiological integrity of the corals. Exposure to Corexit 9500 negatively impacted the host physiology and altered the coral-associated microbial community. After exposure, the abundances of certain bacterial genera such as Rugeria and Roseovarius increased, as previously reported in stressed or diseased corals. We also identified several bioindicators of Corexit 9500 in the microbiome. The impact of Corexit 9500 on the coral health and microbial community was far greater than oil alone, killing corals after only 4 days of exposure in the flow-through system. In the treatments with Corexit 9500, the action of the bioremediator consortium could not be observed directly because of the extreme toxicity of the dispersant to M. alcicornis and its associated microbiome. Conclusions Our results emphasize the importance of investigating the host-associated microbiome in order to detect and mitigate the effects of oil contamination on corals and the potential role of microbial mitigation and bioindicators as conservation tools. Chemical dispersants were far more damaging to corals and their associated microbiome than oil, and should not be used close to coral reefs. This study can aid in decision-making to minimize the negative effects of oil and dispersants on coral reefs.

scholarly journals Carbon-14 in the Southern Indian Ocean

Radiocarbon ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 684-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgette Delibrias
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Vertical Profiles ◽  
Carbon 14 ◽  
Middle Latitudes ◽  
The North ◽  
The Indian Ocean

14C measurements were carried out on sea water samples collected in 1973, in the Indian ocean. The results obtained for 9 vertical profiles between 27° S and 48°S are presented. In surface water, the bomb 14C content is maximum at middle latitudes. A time lag relative to the north hemisphere bomb 14C delivery is apparent. In the more southern latitudes, 14C content remains very low.

scholarly journals Interaction between Groundwater and Surface Water / Sea Water

2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-42
Author(s):  
Makoto TANIGUCHI ◽  
Hiroyuki TOSAKA
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Sea Water

Oil pollution studies of the Solbergstrand mesocosms

1987 ◽  
Vol 316 (1181) ◽  
pp. 641-654 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Dominant Species ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Benthic Communities ◽  
Ascophyllum Nodosum ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Benthic Macrofauna ◽  
Sediment Chemistry ◽  
Littorina Littorea ◽  
Species Structure ◽  
Laminaria Digitata

Two medium-scale ecosystems (mesocosms) were built on the Oslofjord: one a hard-bottom intertidal system and the other a subtidal soft-sediment system. The hard-bottom mesocosm consists of four basins, two controls and two which were dosed with diesel-oil (129 μg 1 -1 a high oil (HO) dose and 29 μg 1 -1 a low oil (LO) dose). Both oil doses caused high mortality of Mytilus edulis and growth was reduced in the macroalgae Ascophyllum nodosum and Laminaria digitata . Recruitment of Littorina littorea was also affected by oil so that populations declined over time. Subtidal benthic communities have been established in the mesocosm and show variations in sediment chemistry within the range found in the field. Although recruitment of benthic macrofauna is reduced, dominant species and species structure remain closely similar to that in the field over six months. Bioturbation effects studied in the mesocosm have shown the important influence of large, rare species in structuring benthic communities, a finding which would not be possible in nature by diving or by the use ofsubmersibles. Preliminary results from a community taken from 200 m depth and established in the mesocosm suggest that it is now possible to do detailed manipulation experiments on communities simulating the whole continental shelf.

Stable isotopes in planktonic and benthic foraminifera from Arctic Ocean surface sediments

1988 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 701-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Aksu ◽  
G. Vilks
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Ocean Surface ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Size Fractions ◽  
Isotopic Compositions ◽  
Isotopic Analyses ◽  
Stable Isotopic ◽  
Surface Water Salinity

Oxygen and carbon isotopic analyses have been performed on the tests of Planulina wuellerstorfi and three size fractions of sinistral Neogloboquadrina pachyderma recovered from 33 Arctic Ocean surface-sediment samples. Stable isotopic compositions of N. pachyderma are found to be dependent on the test size: larger specimens show considerable enrichment in both δ18O and δ18C. The difference between the isotopic compositions of the 63–125 and 125–250 μm size fractions in N. pachyderma can be explained by biogenic fractionation effects during foraminiferal test growth. Larger (250–500 μm) N. pachyderma displayed accretions of secondary calcite, i.e., the outermost shell contained significant amounts of inorganically precipitated magnesium calcite. Thus, larger foraminifera may not be suited for down-core stable isotopic studies. There is a difference of ~2‰ between δ18O values of surface samples from the eastern and western Arctic Ocean, reflecting large differences between surface-water salinity in these regions. Therefore, oxygen isotopic data may have limited use as a chronostratigraphic tool in down-core studies in the Arctic Ocean, but we can use them to infer past variations in surface-water salinities. Planulina wuellerstorfi also showed depletions of both δ18O and δ18C in its calcite tests relative to calcite precipitated in isotopic equilibrium with ambient sea water; these depletions ranged from −0.8 to −0.9‰ in δ18Oand −1.2 to −0.9‰ in δ18C. This taxon is found to deposit its shell very close to the δ18C of ΣCO2 of bottom waters.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document