scholarly journals Effect of nutrient enrichments on the bacterial assemblage of Antarctic soils contaminated by diesel or crude oil

Polar Record ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 309-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Delille ◽  
E. Pelletier ◽  
B. Delille ◽  
F. Coulon
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Oil Contamination ◽  
Bacterial Assemblage ◽  
Antarctic Soils ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Terre Adélie

There is an urgent need to develop new technologies to address the problem of soil remediation in high-latitude regions. A field study was initiated in January 1997 in two contaminated soils in Terre Adélie (Antarctica) with the objective of determining the long-term effectiveness of two bioremediation agents on total and hydrocarbon-degrading microbial assemblages under severe Antarctic conditions. This study was conducted in two steps, from January to July 1997 and from February to November 1999 in the Géologie Archipelago (Terre Adélie, 66°40′S, 140°01′E). Changes in bacterial communities were monitored in situ after crude oil or diesel addition in a series of 600 cm2 soil sectors (20×30 cm). Four contaminated sectors were used for each experiment: diesel oil (10 ml), diesel oil (10 ml) + fertilizer (1 ml), Arabian light crude oil (10 ml), and crude oil (10 ml) + fertilizer (1 ml). Two different bioremediation agents were used: a slow release fertilizer Inipol EAP-22 (Elf Atochem) in 1997 and a fish compost in 1999. Plots were sampled on a regular basis during a three-year period. All samples were analysed for total, saprophytic psychrophilic, and hydrocarbon-utilising bacteria. A one order of magnitude increase of saprophytic and hydrocarbon-utilising micro-organisms occurred during the first month of the experiment in most of the contaminated enclosures, but no clear differences appeared between fertilized and unfertilized plots. Diesel-oil contamination induced a significant increase of all bacterial parameters in all contaminated soils. Crude-oil contamination had no clear effects on microbial assemblages. It was clear that the microbial response could be rapid and efficient in spite of the severe weather conditions. However, microbial growth was not clearly improved in the presence of bioremediation agents.

scholarly journals Stabilization of Crude Oil Contaminated Soils with Alkali-Activated Slag

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 117-125
Author(s):  
Hossein Sadighi ◽  
Mohammad Ali Rowshanzamir
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Sodium Silicate ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
High Exposure ◽  
Alkali Activated

The high exposure of areas in the vicinity of oil plants and refineries to crude oil and oil product contaminations and the problems they cause for the physical expansion of these facilities underscore the importance of stabilization of oil-contaminated soils. Soil stabilization with cost-effective stabilizing agents is widely regarded as a simple and fast way of limiting the impacts of such contaminations. For decades, cement and lime have been the standard binders for soil remediation and stabilization applications, but with the increasing awareness about their environmental impact and the notion of sustainable development in general, there is now a growing interest in the use of cleaner alternatives based on new technologies for this purpose. In recent years, alkali-activated binders have been the subject of much interest because of their high strength and durability and limited environmental impacts. The soil treatment solution investigated in this study is the use of slag, which is a steel production byproduct mostly consisting of calcium and magnesium alumina silicates, in combination with two activators, namely sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate. Direct shear tests were performed on the crude oil contaminated soil specimens in order to determine the best alkali-activated designs and the effect of exposure time, slag content, and treatment time on the outcomes. The test results showed that adding 10% slag, 1.15% sodium silicate, and 1.61% sodium hydroxide (all by dry weight of soil) to the crude oil contaminated soil improved its cohesion and friction angle by 70% and 50% respectively.

Effect of Oil Contamination on Atterberg Limits of Soil

2011 ◽  
Vol 374-377 ◽  
pp. 336-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Tong ◽  
Wei Sheng Chen ◽  
Xi Lai Zheng ◽  
Mei Li
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Atterberg Limits ◽  
Oil Contamination ◽  
Plastic Limit ◽  
Atterberg Limit ◽  
Key Factor

Atterberg limit tests were preformed on diesel oil contaminated soil and crude oil contaminated soil. The results show that Atterberg limits reduced with increasing of diesel oil content. When crude oil content changed from 0 to 8%, it has little effect on Atterberg limits. However, it rose from 8% to 16%, plastic limit slightly decreased, but liquid limit increased remarkably. A "pseudo-viscosity" caused by crude oil is the key factor for this phenomenon.

scholarly journals An Exploratory Study on the Effect of Petroleum Hydrocarbon on Soils Using Hyperspectral Longwave Infrared Imagery

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ran Pelta ◽  
Eyal Ben-Dor
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbon ◽  
Mean Squared Error ◽  
Oil Contamination ◽  
Electromagnetic Spectrum ◽  
Crude Oil Contamination ◽  
Negative Impacts

Manmade crude oil contamination, which has negative impacts on the environment and human health, can be found in various ecosystems all over the globe. Hyperspectral remote sensing (HRS) is an efficient tool to investigate this crude oil contamination where its electromagnetic spectrum is analyzed. This exploratory study used an innovative HRS imagery sensor to study the effect of petroleum hydrocarbon (PHC), found in crude oil, on the spectrum of soils across the longwave infrared (LWIR 8–12 μm) spectral region. This contrasts with previous studies that focused on shortwave and midwave infrared (SWIR 1–2.5 and MWIR 3–8 μm, respectively) regions. An outdoor HRS image of three different types of soils, contaminated with 11 PHC concentrations, was processed and analyzed. Since PHC is spectrally featureless in the LWIR region, the analysis focused on the spectral alteration of the dominant minerals in the soils. Good evaluation metrics of R2 > 0.83 and a root-mean-squared-error (RMSE) between 1.06 and 1.33 wt % showed that the PHC level can be predicted with relatively good accuracy, even without direct spectral features of crude oil PHC, using an airborne LWIR camera in field conditions. This study can be used as a proof of concept for future airborne remote sensing of PHC-contaminated soils.

Prediction of the Consequences of Accidental Releases From Liquid Pipelines

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. Ronnie
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Correct Order ◽  
Accidental Release ◽  
Sensitive Areas ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Accidental Releases

Pipelines are one of the safest ways of transporting hazardous liquids, such as crude oil, gasoline, kerosene and diesel oil. However, few models exist that predict the spread of a liquid over a general topography following accidental release from a pipeline. The methodology presented in this paper allows the route taken by an accidental release of liquid from a pipeline to be predicted. The porosity of the ground is included to enable the extent of spread of the liquid and the proportion of the release reaching an important location, such as a river, to be established. The resulting flow for any given release and topography is determined by interpolation between data contained in a series of tables constructed from simulations using liquid spread software. The methodology has been applied to a release and subsequent fire, which occurred in Bellingham, Washington, in 1999. The extents of the pipeline, which, should a release occur, would result in the spill reaching sensitive areas, have been established. The results obtained are of the correct order of magnitude and are realistic. However, more data on the case studies would be required to quantitatively assess the accuracy of the methodology.

scholarly journals Ship Handling in Unprotected Waters: A Review of New Technologies in Escort Tugs to Improve Safety

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-62
Author(s):  
Santiago Iglesias-Baniela ◽  
Juan Vinagre-Ríos ◽  
José M. Pérez-Canosa
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Hull Form ◽  
Best Available Technologies ◽  
Adverse Weather Conditions ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
New Type ◽  
Technological Challenge ◽  
And Performance

It is a well-known fact that the 1989 Exxon Valdez disaster caused the escort towing of laden tankers in many coastal areas of the world to become compulsory. In order to implement a new type of escort towing, specially designed to be employed in very adverse weather conditions, considerable changes in the hull form of escort tugs had to be made to improve their stability and performance. Since traditional winch and ropes technologies were only effective in calm waters, tugs had to be fitted with new devices. These improvements allowed the remodeled tugs to counterbalance the strong forces generated by the maneuvers in open waters. The aim of this paper is to perform a comprehensive literature review of the new high-performance automatic dynamic winches. Furthermore, a thorough analysis of the best available technologies regarding towline, essential to properly exploit the new winches, will be carried out. Through this review, the way in which the escort towing industry has faced this technological challenge is shown.

Development of a plant microbiome bioremediation system for crude oil contamination

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 105401
Author(s):  
Maimona Saeed ◽  
Noshin Ilyas ◽  
Muhammad Arshad ◽  
Muhammad Sheeraz ◽  
Iftikhar Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Contamination ◽  
Crude Oil Contamination ◽  
Plant Microbiome

scholarly journals Comparison of plant growth and remediation potential of pyrochar and thermal desorption for crude oil-contaminated soils

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noshin Ilyas ◽  
Uzma Shoukat ◽  
Maimona Saeed ◽  
Nosheen Akhtar ◽  
Humaira Yasmin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Thermal Desorption ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Oil Contamination ◽  
Slow Pyrolysis ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Crude Oil Contamination ◽  
Germination And Growth

AbstractCrude oil contamination is a serious environmental threat for soil and plants growing in it. This study provides the first experimental evidence for comparison of the efficacy of pyrochar (slow pyrolysis biochar), thermal desorption and their combined application for degradation of crude oil contaminated soil (0%, 10%, and 20%), and growth of lettuce under glasshouse conditions. Pyrochar was produced by pyrolysis of sawdust at 350 °C, whereas thermal desorption was done by soil pyrolysis at 500 °C. Soil incubations were done for 120 days. The results of soil analysis showed that the crude oil degradation efficiency for the combined application was highest (40%), whereas pyrochar and thermal desorption was 25% and 19.6%, respectively. The maximum degradation products of crude oil were manifested by the detection of low molecular weight hydrocarbons (ranged between 173 and 422) in the soil with combined application treatment using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis. Crude oil contamination significantly reduced the germination and growth of the lettuce plants. Similarly, the combined application also improved plant growth by an increase of 24% in germination percentage, 35.5% in seedling vigor index, and 27% in promptness index under 20% crude oil contamination. Remediation caused a significant increase in fresh and dry biomass (40%), leaf area (30%), total chlorophyll (21%), water potential (23.6%), osmotic potential (27%), and membrane stability index (40%). Moreover, there was an increase in the contents of proline (32%), total amino acids (29%), soluble sugars (37%), proteins (27%), and antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (19%), catalase (33%) and peroxidase (38%). This study confirmed the efficacy of pyrochar (slow pyrolysis biochar), thermal desorption, and their combined application for crude oil decontamination of soil at laboratory scale and also in improving soil usability by improved germination and growth of lettuce.

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