scholarly journals A Variable Energy Cyclotron

1955 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 306 ◽  
Author(s):  
DE Caro ◽  
LH Martin ◽  
JL Rouse
Keyword(s):  
Energy Range ◽  
Particle Accelerators ◽  
Energy Particle ◽  
The Past ◽  
Fixed Energy ◽  
Energy Variation ◽  
Physical Research ◽  
Variable Energy Cyclotron ◽  
Variable Energy

In the past, variable energy particle accelerators have, in general, been limited to the energy range below about 4 MeV. Many fixed energy machines have been built to operate above this energy but the field of physical research made possible by a variable energy machine between 2 and 12 MeV has been largely neglected. With particles of energy above about 10 MeV some energy variation may be achieved with absorbing foils, but this technique is unsatisfactory at lower energies.

Variable-Energy Particle Accelerators

Nature ◽  
1957 ◽  
Vol 179 (4557) ◽  
pp. 492-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. GALLOP
Keyword(s):  
Particle Accelerators ◽  
Energy Particle ◽  
Variable Energy

scholarly journals Superconducting Materials and Conductors: Fabrication and Limiting Parameters

2012 ◽  
Vol 05 ◽  
pp. 25-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Bottura ◽  
Arno Godeke
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature Superconductors ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Particle Accelerator ◽  
Superconducting Materials ◽  
High Energy Particle ◽  
Particle Accelerators ◽  
Energy Particle ◽  
The Past ◽  
Accelerator Magnets ◽  
Limiting Parameters

Superconductivity is the technology that enabled the construction of the most recent generation of high-energy particle accelerators, the largest scientific instruments ever built. In this review we trace the evolution of superconducting materials for particle accelerator magnets, from the first steps in the late 1960s, through the rise and glory of Nb–Ti in the 1970s, till the 2010s, and the promises of Nb3Sn for the 2020s. We conclude with a perspective on the opportunities for high-temperature superconductors (HTSs). Many such reviews have been written in the past, as witnessed by the long list of references provided. In this review we put particular emphasis on the practical aspects of wire and tape manufacturing, cabling, engineering performance, and potential for use in accelerator magnets, while leaving in the background matters such as the physics of superconductivity and fundamental material issues.

Energy-range relation and mean energy variation in therapeutic particle beams

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Kempe ◽  
Anders Brahme
Keyword(s):  
Energy Range ◽  
Particle Beams ◽  
Energy Variation

scholarly journals Supernovae and Single-Year Anomalies in the Atmospheric Radiocarbon Record

Radiocarbon ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Dee ◽  
Benjamin Pope ◽  
Daniel Miles ◽  
Sturt Manning ◽  
Fusa Miyake
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Radiation ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Particle ◽  
Energy Particle ◽  
The Past ◽  
Solar Events

AbstractSingle-year spikes in radiocarbon production are caused by intense bursts of radiation from space. Supernovae emit both high-energy particle and electromagnetic radiation, but it is the latter that is most likely to strike the atmosphere all at once and cause a surge in 14C production. In the 1990s, it was claimed that the supernova in 1006 CE produced exactly this effect. With the 14C spikes in the years 775 and 994 CE now attributed to extreme solar events, attention has returned to the question of whether historical supernovae are indeed detectable using annual 14C measurements. Here, we combine new and existing measurements over six documented and putative supernovae, and conclude that no such astrophysical event has yet left a distinct imprint on the past atmospheric 14C record.

Problems of Ensuring Radiation Safety of Personnel when Operating Proton Therapeutic Accelerators Using an Example of the Proton Therapy Center in Dimitrograd

2019 ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
А. Цовьянов ◽  
A. Tsoviyanov ◽  
П. Ганцовский ◽  
P. Gantsovskii ◽  
Н. Шандала ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Charged Particle ◽  
Energy Range ◽  
Proton Therapy ◽  
Radiation Safety ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Radiation Monitoring ◽  
Particle Accelerators ◽  
Ion Therapy ◽  
Therapy Center

Currently, charged particle accelerators are used not only as a tool for basic research, but they are also becoming increasingly common in industry and medicine. In Russia in the coming years it is planned to create 3 centers of proton and ion therapy. At the same time, the instrumental, methodological, metrological and regulatory support of radiation monitoring does not currently correspond to the energy range of the generated radiation. The paper analyzes the compliance of existing regulatory and advisory documents with the goals of ensuring radiation safety during proton therapy.

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