Protein Composition of Wheat Apoplastic Fluid and Resistance to the Russian Wheat Aphid

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 645 ◽  
Author(s):  
AJVD Westhuizen ◽  
Z Pretorius
Keyword(s):  
Protein Composition ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Russian Wheat Aphid ◽  
Diuraphis Noxia ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Aphid Infestation ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Apoplastic Fluid ◽  
Related Proteins

The protein composition of intercellular fluids from three different wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L. cvv. Tugela DN, Molopo DN and Betta DN) with resistance to the Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko) and the corresponding near-isogenic susceptible cultivars (Tugela, Molopo and Betta) were studied under conditions of infestation and non-infestation. The aim was to gain information on the mechanism of resistance and the possible presence of molecular markers of resistance. Aphid infestation induced the accumulation of specific corresponding proteins in the intercellular fluids of resistant cultivars only. The infestation-related proteins were of different molecular mass ranges (28-33; 22-24; 18.5-19.5 and 15.5-17 kDa). Some were serologically related to PR proteins. We suspect that the infestation-related proteins are involved in resistance to the Russian wheat aphid. Although not particularly time saving, the intensified bands of infestation-related proteins on SDS-PAGE gels may be useful for determining resistance.

scholarly journals First report of Diuraphis (Holcaphis) frequens as a pest of wheat in Finland

1997 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-339
Author(s):  
Jonathan Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Russian Wheat Aphid ◽  
Diuraphis Noxia ◽  
Couch Grass ◽  
First Report ◽  
South West ◽  
Damage Symptoms

Colonies of Diuraphis (Holcaphis) frequens (Walker) were found on wheat, Triticum aestivum L. in the vicinity of Jokioinen in south-west Finland in summer 1997. The aphid was present in all wheat fields inspected, and was particularly abundant on spring wheat plants of field and plot margins. The aphid was also common on its recognised, host Elymus repens (L.) Gould (couch grass). Damage symptoms, longitudinal chlorotic streaking of tightly rolled leaves, resembled those caused by Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko), the Russian wheat aphid. Diuraphis frequens appears unlikely to become a serious pest of wheat, and its relative abundance during 1997 may have resulted from particularly hot, dry weather.

scholarly journals Yield Reductions of Wheat Cultivar Obora (UTIQUE96/FLAG-1) due to Russian Wheat Aphid (Diuraphis noxia) Infestation under Field Conditions at Selected Districts of West Showa Zone, Ethiopia

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nahil Abebe ◽  
Mulugeta Negeri ◽  
Emana Getu ◽  
Thangavel Selvara
Keyword(s):  
Yield Loss ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Russian Wheat Aphid ◽  
Diuraphis Noxia ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Cereal Crop ◽  
Cropping Season ◽  
Maximum Decrease

Background: Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an important cereal crop as being consumed as staple food in the world as well as in Ethiopia. The production of wheat in Ethiopia decreased due to the incidence of insect pests. Out of insects’ pests the Russian wheat aphid (Diuraphis noxia) is the recent one that causes yield loss either directly or indirectly. Methods: The experiment was carried out at selected districts of West Showa zone, Ethiopia during off cropping season 2019 to evaluate the yield reduction in wheat crop due to the invasion of Russian wheat aphids. Malamar, Dimethoate, neem seeds, leaves, Beaveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae were used in form of spray. Result: However, Malamar and Dimethoate highly significantly lowered the population of Diuraphis noxia. The combination of Beaveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopleae significantly lowered the population of Russian wheat aphid. The combination of Neem leaf and Neem seeds, as well as Beaveria bassiana, proved to be effective against Russian wheat aphid yet they were protected and sound against the environments. Malamar showed the maximum decrease in Diuraphis noxia populations followed by Dimethoate, the combination of Beaveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopleae.

scholarly journals Glycoproteins from Russian Wheat Aphid Infested Wheat Induce Defence Responses

2002 ◽  
Vol 57 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 867-873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohase Lintle ◽  
Amie J. van der Westhuizen
Keyword(s):  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Russian Wheat Aphid ◽  
Diuraphis Noxia ◽  
Plant Origin ◽  
Reverse Phase ◽  
Defence Responses ◽  
Plant Defence Responses

Elicitors are molecules which can induce the activation of plant defence responses. Elicitor activity of intercellular wash fluid from Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko) infested resistant (cv Tugela DN), and susceptible (cv Tugela), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), was investigated. Known Russian wheat aphid resistance related responses such as peroxidase and β-1,3-glucanase activities were used as parameters of elicitor activity. The intercellular wash fluid from infested resistant plants contains high elicitor activity while that from infested susceptible plants contains no or very little elicitor activity. After applying C-18 reverse phase and concanavalin A Sepharose chromatography, elicitor active glycoproteins were isolated from the intercellular wash fluid of Russian wheat aphid infested resistant wheat. The elicitor-active glycoproteins separated into three polypeptides during sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The isolated glycoproteins elicited peroxidase activity to higher levels in resistant than in susceptible cultivars. It was evident that the glycoproteins were probably a general elicitor of plant origin. Information gained from these studies is valuable for the development of plant activators to enhance the defence responses of plants.

Mapping quantitative trait loci for resistance against Russian wheat aphid (Diuraphis noxia) in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (12) ◽  
pp. 970 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ricciardi ◽  
E. Tocho ◽  
M. S. Tacaliti ◽  
A. Vasicek ◽  
D. O. Giménez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Trait Loci ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Russian Wheat Aphid ◽  
Diuraphis Noxia ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
New Genes ◽  
Trait Loci ◽  
Marker Loci

Diuraphis noxia (Russian wheat aphid, RWA), one of the most aggressive pests of wheat, has evolved several biotypes with virulence matching known Dn resistance genes. This paper was aimed at determining the location of plant-defence genes triggered by RWA in a set of doubled haploid (DH) lines obtained from the cross of winter wheat varieties ‘Spark’ and ‘Rialto’. Both parental lines, 110 DH and CItr2401 (a RWA-resistant line) were screened for antixenosis, tolerance and antibiotic mechanisms of resistance with a population of RWA collected in Argentina. Antixenosis was not significantly linked to any marker locus. Tolerance traits showed significant associations with several chromosomes. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) for the foliar area developed during infestation was significantly associated with marker loci Xpsp3103 on 4DS, and Xgdm3 on 5DS. QTL for chlorophyll content in the infested plants were significantly associated with the marker loci Xgwm533 on 3BS and Xpsp3094 on 7AL, and a QTL for the number of expanded leaves was associated with the marker loci Xwmc264 on 3AS and XwPt8836 on 4DS. QTL for most of the tolerance traits were significantly associated with the same chromosome intervals on chromosomes 4DS and 5DS. The 4DS QTL were linked to or had a pleiotropic effect on Rht-D1. Most of the antibiosis traits were significantly associated with the same marker loci on chromosomes 4A (XwPt7405), 1B (XwPt9032) and 5B (Xbarc109 and Xbarc74). Several novel genes conferring tolerance and antibiosis to RWA were identified and these could be transferred into wheat cultivars to enlarge the genetic base of defence against this aphid pest. These new genes can be designated as QDn.unlp genes, following the rules for gene nomenclature in wheat.

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