Genome multiplication is a generalised phenomenon in placentomal and interplacentomal trophoblast giant cells in cattle

The frequency of polyploidisation in bovine binucleate trophoblast giant cells (TGC) from placentomes (PL) and the interplacentomal allantochorion (AL) of six male fetuses with a crown–rump length between 3.5 and 103 cm was determined by in situ hybridisation with a chromosome-7-specific probe, using a probe specific for the Y chromosome to distinguish between maternal and fetal nuclei. The results showed that polyploid nuclei were essentially always of fetal origin. The frequency of tetraploid nuclei varied between 3% and 15% in both the placentomal and interplacentomal samples, with mean frequencies of 8.8% and 10.0% respectively. Octoploid nuclei were observed with a mean frequency of 1.1% in the interplacentomal samples, but were absent in samples from placentomes. Subsequent determination of nuclear DNA content by cytophotometric measurement of Feulgen-stained nuclei revealed that the frequency of nuclei with an 8C DNA content was several fold higher (AL 5.4%; PL 7.8%) than the frequency of octoploidy, suggesting that tetraploid TGC cells are arrested in the G2 phase of the cell cycle.

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Determination of nuclear DNA content in fungi using mithramycin: vegetative diploidy in Armillaria mellea confirmed

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/m83-180 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 29 (9) ◽

pp. 1179-1183 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

A. L. Franklin ◽

W. G. Filion ◽

J. B. Anderson

Keyword(s):

Dna Binding ◽

Aspergillus Nidulans ◽

Dna Content ◽

Nuclear Dna ◽

Nuclear Dna Content ◽

Phytopathogenic Fungus ◽

Armillaria Mellea ◽

Dna Measurements

Armillaria mellea, a phytopathogenic fungus, is the only member of the Agaricales (Basidiomycetes) whose fertile vegetative phase in nature is thought to be diploid, rather than dikaryotic. To examine the vegetative ploidy of A. mellea, we used the DNA-binding antibiotic, mithramycin, for fluorometry of in situ nuclear DNA. The measurements of nuclear DNA content indicated that strains derived from single basidiospores of A. mellea were haploid and that strains derived from matings of isolates of single spores were diploid. These data confirm the results of earlier genetic experiments, which show haploidy and diploidy in unmated and mated strains, respectively. Nuclear DNA measurements in known haploid and diploid strains of Aspergillus nidulans confirmed the validity of our protocol.

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Correlation between flow cytometric determination of nuclear DNA content and chromosome number in somatic hybrids within Brassicaceae

Plant Cell Reports ◽

10.1007/bf00272983 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 74-77 ◽

Cited By ~ 51

Author(s):

Jan Fahleson ◽

Johan Dixelius ◽

Eva Sundberg ◽

Kristina Glimelius

Keyword(s):

Chromosome Number ◽

Dna Content ◽

Nuclear Dna ◽

Somatic Hybrids ◽

Nuclear Dna Content ◽

Flow Cytometric

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Prognostic Implications of Nuclear DNA Content in Head and Neck Cancer

Otolaryngology ◽

10.1177/019459988910000203 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 100 (2) ◽

pp. 95-98 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

Yang-Chun Guo ◽

Lawrence Desanto ◽

Gregory V. Osetinsky

Keyword(s):

Head And Neck ◽

Dna Content ◽

Nuclear Dna ◽

Clinical Stage ◽

Nuclear Dna Content ◽

Survival Advantage ◽

Prognostic Information ◽

Diagnosis Of Cancer ◽

Well Differentiated

The nuclear DNA content was measured in formalin-fixed and deparaffined specimens of 296 oral, pharyngeal, and laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas from patients in whom the clinical outcome was known. One hundred ninety (64%) contained cells with abnormal DNA (DNA aneuploid or tetra/polypoid). Only 32% (60 of 190) of the patients with DNA nondiploid cancers survived 5 years, compared with 49% (52 of 106) of the patients with DNA diploid cancers. When the findings were controlled for clinical stage, patients whose tumors were DNA diploid had a survival advantage at each stage. Histologic grading showed less correlation, because only patients with well-differentiated carcinomas had a survival advantage if their tumors were DNA diploid. These data showed that determination of DNA content in cancers of the head and neck can offer prognostic information not provided by other means and enhance the diagnosis of cancer.

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NUCLEAR DNA CONTENT OF DENDROBIUM ORCHID SPECIES AS DETERMINED BY LASER FLOW CYTOMETRY

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.31.3.322c ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 31 (3) ◽

pp. 322c-322

Author(s):

W.E. Jones ◽

A.R. Kuehnle ◽

K. Arumuganathan

Keyword(s):

Flow Cytometry ◽

Dna Content ◽

Nuclear Dna ◽

Evolutionary Relationship ◽

Internal Standard ◽

Nuclear Dna Content ◽

Orchid Species ◽

Group Assignment ◽

Taxonomic Groups

Flow cytometry (FC) has proven to be an efficient and reliable method to estimate nuclear DNA content (genome size) in quantifiable units useful for genetic and molecular biology studies. This method also makes possible determination of the variation in nuclear DNA content between related taxa, which gives insights into the process of speciation. In this study, DNA content was determined in nuclei isolated from leaves of 21 Dendrobium species representing each of the major taxonomic groups used in the Univ. of Hawaii breeding program. Nuclei were mechanically isolated, stained with the nucleic acid-specific fluorochrom propidium iodide, and DNA content determined using a Coulter Epics 753 laser flow cytometer. Chicken erythrocyte nuclei (2C = 2.33 pg DNA) were used as an internal standard for direct comparative measurement. The mean diploid genome (2C) values for Dendrobium species ranged from 3.36 to 5.06 pg. Genome sizes were evaluated for possible use as discrete characters for taxonomic group assignment and compared to previous data on breeding compatibility and evolutionary relationship between species.

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Development of Flow Cytometric Protocol for Nuclear DNA Content Estimation and Determination of Chromosome Number in Pongamia pinnata L., a Valuable Biodiesel Plant

Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology ◽

10.1007/s12010-013-0553-z ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 172 (1) ◽

pp. 533-548 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Aadi Moolam Ramesh ◽

Supriyo Basak ◽

Rimjhim Roy Choudhury ◽

Latha Rangan

Keyword(s):

Chromosome Number ◽

Dna Content ◽

Nuclear Dna ◽

Nuclear Dna Content ◽

Pongamia Pinnata ◽

Flow Cytometric

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Chromatin characterization by banding techniques, in situ hybridization, and nuclear DNA content in Cicer L. (Leguminosae)

Genome ◽

10.1139/g96-035 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 258-265 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

I. Galasso ◽

D. Pignone ◽

M. Frediani ◽

M. Maggiani ◽

R. Cremonini

Keyword(s):

In Situ Hybridization ◽

Dna Content ◽

Nuclear Dna ◽

Hybrid Sterility ◽

Nuclear Dna Content ◽

5S Rdna ◽

Rrna Genes ◽

Evolutionary Pathway ◽

C Banding

The karyotypes of three accessions, one each from three annual species of the genus Cicer, namely Cicer arietinum, Cicer reticulation, and Cicer echinospermum, were examined and compared using C-banding, the fluorochromes chromomycin A3, DAPI, and Hoechst 33258, in situ hybridization of the 18S–5.8S–25S and 5S rDNA sequences, and silver staining. The nuclear DNA content of the three species and the amount of heterochromatin were also determined. The results suggest an evolutionary pathway in which C. reticulatum is the ancestral species from which both C. arietinum and C. echinospermum are derived with the loss of one pair of satellites; subsequently, C. echinospermum further differentiated by the accumulation of chromosomal rearrangement(s) that gave rise to a hybrid sterility barrier. Key words : Cicer, C-banding, fluorochromes, Ag staining, rRNA genes.

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