A chequered history: the taxonomy of Ficus platypoda and F. leucotricha (Moraceae: Urostigma sect. Malvanthera) unravelled

2001 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale J. Dixon
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Multidimensional Scaling ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Phenetic Analysis ◽  
Morphometric Characters ◽  
Clustering Techniques ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Species Complexes

A revision of the species complexes of ‘Ficus platypoda’ and ‘Ficus leucotricha’ (Moraceae: Urostigma sect. Malvanthera Corner) is presented. A phenetic analysis of morphometric characters using clustering techniques and multidimensional scaling was used to identify the taxa in each species complex. Two species from each complex are recognised and include Ficus brachypoda (Miq.) Miq. and here described Ficus atricha D.J. Dixon from the ‘F. platypoda’ complex and F. platypoda (Miq.) A. Cunn. ex Miq. and here describedFicus cerasicarpa D.J. Dixon from the ‘F. leucotricha’ complex. Each Ficus species is pollinated by a morphologically distinct pollinator wasp. Ficus platypoda is pollinated by Pleistodontes cuneatusWiebes. Ficus cerasicarpa, F. atricha and F. brachypodaare pollinated by wasps that are new species yet to be described. The nomenclature of F. brachypoda and F. platypoda is discussed and a key to the species as well as notes and distribution maps are provided for all four species.

Figuring out the figs: the Ficus obliqua-Ficus rubiginosa Complex (Moraceae: Urostigma sect. Malvanthera)

2001 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale J. Dixon ◽  
B. R. Jackes ◽  
L. M. Bielig
Keyword(s):  
Multidimensional Scaling ◽  
Phenetic Analysis ◽  
Morphometric Characters ◽  
Clustering Techniques ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Infraspecific Taxa

A revision of the Ficus obliqua—F. rubiginosa complex (Moraceae: Urostigma sect. Malvanthera Corner) is presented. A phenetic analysis of morphometric characters using clustering techniques and multidimensional scaling was used to identify the taxa in this complex. Three taxa are recognised, F. obliqua G.Forst., F. rubiginosa Desf. ex Vent. f. rubiginosa and F. rubiginosa f. glabrescens (F.M.Bailey) D.J.Dixon. Each taxon is redescribed. The epithet glabrescens of F. rubiginosa f. glabrescens is resurrected with a change in status. The data from the pollinator wasps strongly supports the taxonomy, with F. obliqua pollinated by Pleistodontes greenwoodi (Grandi) and F. rubiginosa sens lat. pollinated by P. imperialis Saunders. A key to the species and infraspecific taxa of F. rubiginosa as well as notes and distribution maps are provided for both species.

Morphological Variation within the Boronia grandisepala Group (Rutaceae) and the Description of Nine Taxa Endemic to the Northern Territory, Australia

1997 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco F. Duretto ◽  
Pauline Y. Ladiges
Keyword(s):  
Multidimensional Scaling ◽  
Morphological Variation ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Northern Territory ◽  
Phenetic Analysis ◽  
Clustering Techniques ◽  
Arnhem Land ◽  
Western Portion ◽  
Related Complex

Within Boronia Sm. section Valvatae (Benth.) Engl. the B. grandisepala F.Muell. species group is characterised by a calyx as large or larger than the corolla, simple leaves, and multiangular stellate hairs. The group includes B. grandisepala, a related complex of species, and six newly described species: B. amplectens Duretto, B. quadrilata Duretto, B. suberosa Duretto, B. verecunda Duretto, B. viridiflora Duretto and B. xanthastrum Duretto. All taxa are endemic to the Northern Territory. A phenetic analysis using clustering techniques and multidimensional scaling was used to define taxa within the B. grandisepala species complex. Four taxa were recognised in the complex and three, B. grandisepala subsp. acanthophida Duretto, B. laxa Duretto, and B. prolixa Duretto, are described here. Boronia grandisepala is lectotypified. A key to the species is provided. High levels of diversity and endemism in the flora of the western portion of the Arnhem Land plateau are discussed.

scholarly journals Distribution of naked amoebae in the soils of the steppe zone of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
pp. 159-166
Author(s):  
M. Patsyuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Multidimensional Scaling ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Molecular Clusters ◽  
The Other ◽  
Steppe Region ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
Naked Amoebae

As a result of the study, in the steppe zone of Ukraine (Odessa, Mykolaiv, Kirovohrad region), 12 species of naked amoebas were identified, which according to the modern Eukaryot system belong to three molecular clusters Tubulinea Smirnov et al., 2005, Discosea Cavalier-Smith, 2004., Discoba Simpson and Hampl et al., 2009. This species Vahlkampfia sp. (1), Vahlkampfia sp. (2), Deuteramoeba mycophaga Page, 1988, Saccamoeba stagnicola Page, 1974, Vexillifera sp., Vannella sp. Ripellaplatypodia Smirnov, Nassonova, Chao et Cavalier-Smith, 2007, Cochliopodium sp. (1), Mayorella sp., Thecamoeba striata Penard, 1890, Stenamoeba stenopodia (Page, 1969) Smirnov et al., 2007, Acanthamoeba sp. (1). In the studied steppe soils, the most common were Vahlkampfia sp. (2), S. stenopodia, Vahlkampfia sp. (1), Vexillifera sp., Cochliopodium sp. (1); the least common – R. platypodia, D. mycophaga, T. striata, Mayorella sp. As a result of the cluster analysis, it was found that the largest share of common species is observed between Mykolaiv and Kirovograd regions (0.71) and Odessa and Kirovograd regions (0.53); the smallest is between the Odessa and Mykolaiv regions (0.43). According to the results of cluster analysis, the faunistic complexes of soil species of amoebae of the steppe region of Ukraine are united into two clusters: one of them being complexes characteristic of the Odessa region, and the other complexes of the Mykolaiv and Kirovograd regions. According to the results of nonparametric multidimensional scaling, it is established that the species complex of soil amoebae in the Kirovograd and Mykolaiv regions is determined by the increased soil temperature and acidity, compared to the Odessa region. As for moisture, this factor has little effect on the species complexes amoebae steppe region of Ukraine.

Revision of the taxonomy and distribution of the Neotropical Copris incertus species complex (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 150 (5) ◽  
pp. 539-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D.G. Darling ◽  
François Génier
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Species Distribution ◽  
Male Genitalia ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
New World ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Multiple Species ◽  
A New Species

AbstractCopris incertus Say, 1835 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Coprini) has been described as a New World coprophagous scarab distributed from Mexico to Ecuador with large discontinuities in its range between the Yucatán province and Costa Rica. The C. incertus species complex of the Copris minutus (Drury, 1773) species group consists of C. incertus, Copris laeviceps Harold, 1869, and Copris lugubris Boheman, 1858. Based on external morphology and male genitalia, we discovered that multiple species have been classified as C. incertus. Of these species, five are new: Copris amazonicusnew species, Copris brevicornisnew species, Copris davidinew species, Copris moroninew species, and Copris susanaenew species. Herein, we revise the organisation of the C. incertus species complex and propose a new species complex, the C. laeviceps species complex, which includes: C. davidi, Copris igualensis Warner, 1990, and C. laeviceps, formerly included in the C. incertus species complex. We provide an identification key along with species distribution maps, images of habitus, and diagnostic characters.

Four new species of Phrynus, Lamarck (Arachnida: Amblypygi) from Mexico

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4948 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-183
Author(s):  
DANIEL CHIRIVI JOYA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Population Studies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Genetic Population ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Taxonomic Information ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
Morphologic Variation ◽  
Mexican Species

Mexico is the country with the largest diversity of the genus Phrynus (Amblypygi: Phrynidae); however, many species could remain hidden due to the conservative morphology of the group. Two of the Mexican species, P. operculatus, and P. jalisco show enough variation, between populations from different localities, to be considered as possible species complexes. The scarce taxonomic information of these species and the few analyses of their variation could cause misidentifications and sub estimation of the diversity. Specimens morphologically similar to P. operculatus from different Mexican localities were analyzed, using characters from the male and female genitals. Four new species are described, presenting illustrations of SEM for the male genitals. Details of the morphologic variation in this group of species are discussed, as well as the usefulness of sexual characters like the size proportions, and sclerotization in the female gonopods, and ornaments in males, to improve the diagnoses of the Mexican Phrynus. The known distribution of P. operculatus is large in comparison with those of the other species, after the result of this research, the possibility that it is a larger species complex is evident, thus, it is necessary to increase the morphologic and genetic population studies in this group. 

scholarly journals Taxonomy of Vincetoxicum s.str. (Asclepiadoideae, Apocynaceae) from southern Asia including three new species and resurrected names

PhytoKeys ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 179 ◽  
pp. 35-73
Author(s):  
Sayed Afzal Shah ◽  
Amir Sultan ◽  
Jun Wen ◽  
Zahid Ullah ◽  
Surat Un Nisa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Endemic Species ◽  
Taxonomic Study ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Southern Asia ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
Previously Treated ◽  
Conservation Assessments ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
Whole Plants

This paper presents a taxonomic study of genus Vincetoxicum s.str. from southern Asia. Eleven regional endemic species are recognized on the basis of herbarium studies and fieldwork. Three new species are described: V. lenifoliumsp. nov. (endemic to Pakistan), V. stewartianumsp. nov. (endemic to India), and V. subcanescenssp. nov. (endemic to Pakistan, Kashmir and Tibet). Three species names, V. cabulicum, V. glaucum and V. kenouriense, previously treated as synonyms of V. glaucum, V. canescens and V. hirundinaria, respectively, are resurrected. A neotype is designated for the Afghani endemic V. cabulicum. A lectotype is chosen from the syntypes of V. glaucum. We resolve the long-standing taxonomic problems in three species complexes: V. arnottianum, V. luridum, V. sakesarense, and V. stocksii; V. glaucum, V. canescens and V. cabulicum; and V. hirundinaria and V. kenouriense. Geo-taxonomic distinctions of southern Asian taxa are highlighted by excluding from henceforth the long misrecognized western Eurasian taxa V. canescens and V. hirundinaria. Furthermore, a detailed account of the genus including illustrations of whole plants, leaves and corona, distribution maps, a taxonomic key, morphological descriptions, synonymy, notes, and information on phenology, distribution and habitats is provided. Finally, provisional conservation assessments are provided, which indicate that V. cardiostephanum and V. sakesarense are critically endangered.

Review of the Mesovelia horvathi species complex (Hemiptera: Gerromorpha: Mesoveliidae), with the description of seven new species from India

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4651 (3) ◽  
pp. 471-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. EYARIN JEHAMALAR ◽  
KAILASH CHANDRA ◽  
DAN A. POLHEMUS
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Andaman Islands ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Species Groups

Seven new species from India are described in the Mesovelia horvathi species complex and assigned to two putatively monophyletic species groups. Mesovelia brevia sp. nov. and M. dilatata sp. nov., both occurring in Tamil Nadu and Meghalaya, and M. occulta sp. nov., known from only Tamil Nadu, are described and placed in the Mesovelia horvathi species group. Mesovelia andamana sp. nov. from the Andaman Islands, M. bispinosa sp. nov. and M. isiasi sp. nov. from Meghalaya, and M. tenuia sp. nov. from Tamil Nadu, are described and placed in the M. andamana species group. Photographs of morphological characters, distribution maps, and a key to males are provided for all of the species treated. 

Digitonthophagus Balthasar, 1959: taxonomy, systematics, and morphological phylogeny of the genus revealing an African species complex (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4248 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRANÇOIS GÉNIER ◽  
PHILIPPE MORETTO
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Male Genitalia ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Arabian Peninsula ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
African Species ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Afrotropical Region ◽  
The Status ◽  
Species Groups

The taxonomy and systematics of the genus Digitonthophagus Balthasar (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Onthophagini) is revised. A detailed study of the male genitalia combined with external morphology suggests that the variability, previously recognized, for D. gazella is hiding a species complex within the Afrotropical region and the Arabian Peninsula. The current study recognizes 16 species; 13 from the Afrotropical region and Arabian Peninsula and three from the eastern portion of the Saharo-Arabian region and the continental Indomalayan region. Species are organized into six species groups based on the results of the morphology-based phylogenetic analysis. The following 12 species are described as new: D. aksumensis Génier new species; D. biflagellatus Génier new species; D. dilatatus Génier new species; D. eucatta Génier new species; D. falciger Génier new species; D. fimator Génier new species; D. namaquensis Génier new species; D. petilus Génier new species; D. sahelicus Moretto new species; D. uks Génier new species; D. ulcerosus Génier new species; and D. viridicollis Génier new species. In order to stabilize nomenclature, lectotypes are designated for Scarabaeus bonasus Fabricius, 1775; Scarabaeus catta Fabricius, 1787, and Onthophagus gazella lusinganus d’Orbigny. A neotype is designated for Scarabaeus dorcas Olivier, 1789 whose status and synonymy need to be altered in order to clarify the status of Scarabaeus gazella auctorum, the widely introduced species with economic importance. A naming scheme is presented for the sclerites of the internal sac. External and male genitalia are illustrated and distribution maps are provided for each species. 

scholarly journals Phortica eparmata species complex (Diptera, Drosophildae) from the Oriental Region, with DNA barcoding information of Chinese species

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Zhu ◽  
Huiluo Cao ◽  
Hongwei Chen
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Oriental Region ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi Gene ◽  
Coi Sequences ◽  
Two Parameter ◽  
A New Species

A new species complex, the eparmata complex, is established within the subgenus Phortica s. str., based on eight known and five new species, all of which are endemic to the Oriental Region: P. bipartita (Toda & Peng, 1992), P. eparmata (Okada, 1977), P. lanuginosa Chen & Toda, 2007, P. latipenis Chen & Gao, 2005, P. pangi Chen & Wen, 2005, P. setitabula Chen & Gao, 2005, P. unipetala Chen & Wen, 2005 and P. zeta Chen & Toda, 2007; P. jadete sp. nov., P. kava sp. nov., P. mengda sp. nov., P. wongding sp. nov. and P. yena sp. nov. A key to all species of this complex is provided. Barcoding sequences (mitochondrial COI gene) were obtained for 22 specimens of five known and the five above-mentioned new species. The intra- and inter-specific pairwise K-2P (Kimura’s two-parameter) distances of COI were determined. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using Bayesian inference based on COI sequences, confirming the monophyletic status of the eparmata complex, which is distinct from the species complexes of magna, omega, variegata and another two ungrouped species

scholarly journals Additions to the taxonomy of the Afrotropical Tetramorium weitzeckeri species complex (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae), with the description of a new species from Kenya

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Hita Garcia ◽  
Georg Fischer
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Identification Key ◽  
Key To Species ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
A New Species

This study presents a taxonomic update of the Tetramorium weitzeckeri species group. Tetramorium mpala sp. nov. is described from Laikipia, Kenya, and placed in the T. weitzeckeri species complex. In addition, we also provide an illustrated identification key to the three species complexes of the T. weitzeckeri species group, and an updated illustrated identification key to species of this species complex.

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