Figuring out the figs: the Ficus obliqua-Ficus rubiginosa Complex (Moraceae: Urostigma sect. Malvanthera)

2001 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale J. Dixon ◽  
B. R. Jackes ◽  
L. M. Bielig
Keyword(s):  
Multidimensional Scaling ◽  
Phenetic Analysis ◽  
Morphometric Characters ◽  
Clustering Techniques ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Infraspecific Taxa

A revision of the Ficus obliqua—F. rubiginosa complex (Moraceae: Urostigma sect. Malvanthera Corner) is presented. A phenetic analysis of morphometric characters using clustering techniques and multidimensional scaling was used to identify the taxa in this complex. Three taxa are recognised, F. obliqua G.Forst., F. rubiginosa Desf. ex Vent. f. rubiginosa and F. rubiginosa f. glabrescens (F.M.Bailey) D.J.Dixon. Each taxon is redescribed. The epithet glabrescens of F. rubiginosa f. glabrescens is resurrected with a change in status. The data from the pollinator wasps strongly supports the taxonomy, with F. obliqua pollinated by Pleistodontes greenwoodi (Grandi) and F. rubiginosa sens lat. pollinated by P. imperialis Saunders. A key to the species and infraspecific taxa of F. rubiginosa as well as notes and distribution maps are provided for both species.

A chequered history: the taxonomy of Ficus platypoda and F. leucotricha (Moraceae: Urostigma sect. Malvanthera) unravelled

2001 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale J. Dixon
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Multidimensional Scaling ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Phenetic Analysis ◽  
Morphometric Characters ◽  
Clustering Techniques ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Species Complexes

A revision of the species complexes of ‘Ficus platypoda’ and ‘Ficus leucotricha’ (Moraceae: Urostigma sect. Malvanthera Corner) is presented. A phenetic analysis of morphometric characters using clustering techniques and multidimensional scaling was used to identify the taxa in each species complex. Two species from each complex are recognised and include Ficus brachypoda (Miq.) Miq. and here described Ficus atricha D.J. Dixon from the ‘F. platypoda’ complex and F. platypoda (Miq.) A. Cunn. ex Miq. and here describedFicus cerasicarpa D.J. Dixon from the ‘F. leucotricha’ complex. Each Ficus species is pollinated by a morphologically distinct pollinator wasp. Ficus platypoda is pollinated by Pleistodontes cuneatusWiebes. Ficus cerasicarpa, F. atricha and F. brachypodaare pollinated by wasps that are new species yet to be described. The nomenclature of F. brachypoda and F. platypoda is discussed and a key to the species as well as notes and distribution maps are provided for all four species.

Morphological Variation within the Boronia grandisepala Group (Rutaceae) and the Description of Nine Taxa Endemic to the Northern Territory, Australia

1997 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco F. Duretto ◽  
Pauline Y. Ladiges
Keyword(s):  
Multidimensional Scaling ◽  
Morphological Variation ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Northern Territory ◽  
Phenetic Analysis ◽  
Clustering Techniques ◽  
Arnhem Land ◽  
Western Portion ◽  
Related Complex

Within Boronia Sm. section Valvatae (Benth.) Engl. the B. grandisepala F.Muell. species group is characterised by a calyx as large or larger than the corolla, simple leaves, and multiangular stellate hairs. The group includes B. grandisepala, a related complex of species, and six newly described species: B. amplectens Duretto, B. quadrilata Duretto, B. suberosa Duretto, B. verecunda Duretto, B. viridiflora Duretto and B. xanthastrum Duretto. All taxa are endemic to the Northern Territory. A phenetic analysis using clustering techniques and multidimensional scaling was used to define taxa within the B. grandisepala species complex. Four taxa were recognised in the complex and three, B. grandisepala subsp. acanthophida Duretto, B. laxa Duretto, and B. prolixa Duretto, are described here. Boronia grandisepala is lectotypified. A key to the species is provided. High levels of diversity and endemism in the flora of the western portion of the Arnhem Land plateau are discussed.

Taxonomy of the Carex lenticularis complex in eastern North America

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 673-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa A. Standley
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Chromosome Count ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Clustering Techniques ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Distinct Subgroup ◽  
Infraspecific Taxa ◽  
Components Analysis

The Carex lenticularis complex is a morphologically, anatomically, and cytologically distinct subgroup within Carex sect. Phacocystis Dumort. This complex consists of two taxa in eastern North America, C. lenticularis Michx. var. lenticularis and C. nigra (L.) Reich. Although previous treatments have recognized five infraspecific taxa within C. lenticularis var. lenticularis and two within C. nigra, analyses of morphological data using histograms, clustering techniques, and principal components analysis indicate that both species are variable but monotypic in eastern North America. Distribution maps and illustrations of both taxa are provided. A new chromosome count for C. lenticularis var. lenticularis (2n = 86) is reported, and previous records for C. nigra (2n = 84) are confirmed. Although these species are sympatric over most of the range of C. nigra, no natural hybrids are known.

scholarly journals Morphology, evolution and taxonomy of Wachendorfia (Haemodoraceae)

Bothalia ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. E. Helme ◽  
H. P. Linder
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Speciation ◽  
Morphology Evolution ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Speciation Model ◽  
Taxonomic Descriptions ◽  
Infraspecific Taxa ◽  
Cape Floral Region ◽  
Variable Species ◽  
Rhizome Morphology ◽  
Small Genus

Wachendorfia Burm. is a small genus endemic to the Cape Floral Region. Pour species are recognised in this study. Two species were originally described by Burman in 1757 and these were followed by numerous other descriptions of what is essentially one very variable species  (W. paniculaia Burm.). This variation is discussed and reasons are given as to why the recognition of formal infraspecific taxa is inappropriate. Formal taxonomic descriptions, distribution maps and a key to the species are provided. Rhizome morphology, leaf anatomy and pollen and seed coat structures were investigated and illustrations are provided. A cladogram was inferred and this is consistent with an ecological speciation model for the genus. The two species with the most restricted distribution (W. brachyandra W.F. Barker and W. pamfiora W.F. Barker) are considered to be the most recently evolved. Features of systematic and ecological interest (e.g. floral enantiomorphy) are discussed.

REVISION OF ANEMONE SECT. HIMALAYICAE (RANUNCULACEAE) WITH THREE NEW SERIES

2007 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. ZIMAN ◽  
F. EHRENDORFER ◽  
C. S. KEENER ◽  
W. T. WANG ◽  
S. L. MOSYAKIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
North India ◽  
Sw China ◽  
Herbarium Material ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Infraspecific Taxa ◽  
The Himalaya ◽  
Eleven Species

The members of Anemone L. sect. Himalayicae (Ulbr.) Juz. (Ranunculaceae) are mainly distributed in the Himalaya of North India, Nepal and Bhutan and the neighbouring mountains of SW China at elevations between 1850 and 4800 m. Their taxonomy is re-evaluated on the basis of a critical morphological analysis of extensive herbarium material. The section is placed in Anemone subgen. Omalocarpus and differentiated into three new series: ser. Obtusilobae, ser. Trullifoliae and ser. Rupestres. A conspectus, keys to species, subspecies and varieties, descriptions of taxa, illustrations and distribution maps are presented. Eleven species with several infraspecific taxa are recognized and their synonymy, variability and relationships are discussed. In addition to the generally accepted species Anemone obtusiloba, A. trullifolia and A. rupestris, we recognize the following: A. polycarpa, A. rockii, A. geum and A. coelestina and four Chinese endemics, A. yulongshanica, A. patula, A. subpinnata and A. subindivisa. Anemone imbricata and A. fuscopurpurea are described but excluded from the section. The origins, morphological differentiations and eco-geographical radiations of Anemone sect. Himalayicae are discussed.

Bursaria (Pittosporaceae): a morphometric analysis and revision

1999 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 117 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. W. Cayzer ◽  
M. D. Crisp ◽  
I. R. H. Telford
Keyword(s):  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Morphometric Characters ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Infraspecific Taxa

Bursariais an endemic Australian genus of mostlyspinescent, scruffy shrubs and trees, found in all but the most arid or alpineareas. Previous classifications include many infraspecific taxa and haveproved unworkable in eastern Australia. This paper presents a revision of thegenus. On the basis of phenetic analyses of morphometric characters thefollowing taxa are now recognised: B. calcicolaL.Cayzer, Crisp & I.Telford, B. incana Lindl.,B. longisepala Domin,B. occidentalis E.M.Benn.,B. reevesii L.Cayzer, Crisp & I.Telford,B. spinosa Cav. subsp. lasiophylla (E.M.Benn.) L.Cayzer, Crisp & I.Telford, B. spinosasubsp. spinosa and B. tenuifoliaF.M.Bail. Two are described as new(B. calcicola, B. reevesii), and one is changed in rank:B. spinosa subsp. lasiophylla(formerly B. lasiophylla E.M.Benn.). None of the otherinfraspecific taxa recognised previously is supported by our analyses.

A taxonomic study of the large-glumed species of Stipa (Gramineae) occurring in Canada

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 606-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary E. Barkworth
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Leaf Margin ◽  
Taxonomic Study ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Quantitative Characters ◽  
Infraspecific Taxa ◽  
Stipa Comata

The morphology and awn anatomy of the large-glumed species of Stipa occurring in Canada were examined. Numerical analysis of the data indicates that S. spartea var. spartea and S. spartea var. curtiseta are very distinct taxa differing not only in many of their quantitative characters but also in nodal pubescence, ligule shape, and pubescence of the leaf margin. It is proposed that they be treated as separate species, S. spartea and S. curtiseta. Some evidence was found for differentiation within S. spartea s.s. but it was deemed insufficient for the recognition of infraspecific taxa. Stipa comata var. comata and S. comata var. intermedia are very similar in all morphological characters examined. Cross sections of their distal awn segments do, however, show consistent distinguishing characters; those of var. intermedia are more heavily lignified and tend to be square in outline compared with those of var. comata. Although similar to each other, cross sections of the varieties of S. comata are distinct from those of S. spartea and S. curtiseta. The possibility that certain specimens were hybrids between S. comata var. comata and S. curtiseta was explored and rejected. Distribution maps and a key to the accepted taxa are given.

Taxonomic revision of the Carex stricta (Cyperaceae) complex in eastern North America

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa A. Standley
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
North American Species ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Carex Stricta ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Infraspecific Taxa

Morphological studies of the Carex stricta complex confirm hypotheses based on chromosome numbers that there are three distinct species in eastern North America, Carex stricta, C. emoryi, and C. haydenii, but they do not indicate the existence of any distinct infraspecific taxa. These species are compared phenetically with all other North American species of section Phacocystis. Results indicate that the three species examined here do not form a closely related subgroup within the section as suggested by previous authors. Distribution maps, descriptions, and synonomy are provided for these species, and a complete key to the species of section Phacocystis in eastern North America is given.

Variation in the Eucalyptus flocktoniae complex (Myrtaceae) and the description of four new taxa from southern Australia

1999 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean Nicolle ◽  
John G. Conran
Keyword(s):  
New Taxa ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Fruit Shape ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Phenetic Analysis ◽  
Seedling Morphology ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
North East ◽  
Bud Size

Eucalyptus flocktoniae is considered to be a complex distinguished within EucalyptusseriesSubulatae by decurrent juvenile leaves and glossyadult leaves. The geographical range of E. flocktoniae(Maiden) Maiden was examined to quantify the patterns of variation in bothadult and seedling morphology. The putatively related speciesE. aspersa Brooker & Hopper,E. cooperiana F.Muell.,E. socialis F.Muell. exMiq.,E. transcontinentalis Maiden sens.lat.and E. yumbarrana Boomsma werealso studied to assess similarity and relationships toE. flocktoniae sens. lat. Phenetic analysis of adult andjuvenile data sets (46 and 21 characters, respectively) indicated that theE. flocktoniae complex consisted of five distinct taxa,distinguishable from one another in habit, branchlet pruinosity, leaf colourand gloss, inflorescence pruinosity, umbellaster orientation, bud size andornamentation, and fruit shape and ornamentation. These taxa areE. flocktoniae subsp. flocktoniae,here redefined, as restricted to between Three Springs and the Oldfield Riverin Western Australia (WA); subsp. hebes Nicolle subsp.nov. from Balladonia to north-east of Ravensthorpe, WA;E. neutra Nicolle sp. nov., from the south-centralwheatbelt of WA; E. peninsularis Nicolle sp. nov. fromlower Eyre Peninsula in SA; and E. urna Nicolle sp.nov., a common and widespread species between Kondinin and Caiguna in WA. Akey and distribution maps are provided for taxa of theE. flocktoniae complex.

A Taxonomic revision of Pseudodissochaeta (Melastomataceae, Dissochaeteae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 468 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-174
Author(s):  
ABDULROKHMAN KARTONEGORO ◽  
YING LIU ◽  
SYLVIA MOTA DE OLIVEIRA ◽  
PETER VAN WELZEN
Keyword(s):  
Species Distribution ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Leaf Base ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Infraspecific Taxa ◽  
Herbarium Collections ◽  
Floral Characters ◽  
Species Descriptions

The mainly Southeast Asian genus Pseudodissochaeta (Melastomataceae, Dissochaeteae) is revised based on a study of herbarium collections. The relationships of Pseudodissochaeta to Dissochaeta and Medinilla are discussed and some important characters distinguishing it from its relatives, including habit, leaf base and margin and floral characters, are provided. Five species are recognized without any infraspecific taxa. A key to the species, descriptions of each species, distribution (maps), ecology, habitat, images and a list of the specimens examined are given.

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