New chromosome numbers in Homoranthus (Myrtaceae: Chamelaucieae) and notes on their taxonomic utility

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lachlan M. Copeland ◽  
Jeremy J. Bruhl ◽  
Lyn A. Craven ◽  
Curt L. Brubaker
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Chromosome Counts ◽  
First Time

Diploid chromosome counts are reported for the first time for 23 species of Homoranthus (Myrtaceae) and published counts are confirmed for a further three species. H. wilhelmii (F.Muell.) Cheel was determined as having 2n = 14, which contrasts with an earlier report of n = 6 for the species. Dysploidy appears to be common within the genus, with diploid chromosome numbers of 2n = 14, 16, 18 and 20 being recorded. There was no evidence of recent polyploidy within Homoranthus nor of any infraspecific dysploidy. Chromosome numbers appear to be a useful taxonomic tool to confirm the distinctness of some morphologically similar taxa but may be of limited use in estimating phylogenetic relationships.

Chromosome numbers and phylogeny in Caragana (Leguminosae)

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (12) ◽  
pp. 1513-1522 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Chromosome Counts ◽  
First Time

Chromosome counts for 17 species of Caragana are given. The chromosome numbers of the following species are reported for the first time: C. ussuriensis, 2n = 48, and C. brevifolia, C. maximowicziana, C. pleiophylla, C. conferta, C. tangutica, C. pekinensis, all 2n = 16. Remarks on the taxonomy of some species are presented. Cytology and morphology, as related to phylogeny of the genus, are discussed and a scheme of the evolution of Caragana is advanced.

scholarly journals Chromosome number and meiotic behavior in several plant taxa from iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-339
Author(s):  
Seyed Ghaffari ◽  
Abbas Zare ◽  
Fereshteh Corom ◽  
Masoureh Sedaghati
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Endemic Species ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Mitotic Chromosome ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Meiotic Behavior ◽  
Chromosome Counts ◽  
Plant Families ◽  
First Time ◽  
Accessory Chromosomes

Original meiotic or both meiotic and mitotic chromosome numbers are reported for ten endemic and one non endemic species in nine vascular plant families from Iran. The chromosome numbers of Acantholimon schahrudicum, A. truncatum, Anthochlamys multinervis, Campanula perpusilla, Cousinia calcitrapa var. interrupta, Dorema ammoniacum, Euphorbia gedrosiaca, and Hyocyamus orthocarpus were determined for the first time. The chromosome counts for Astrodaucus persicus and Hedysarum criniferum agree with previous ones. The gametic chromosome numbers for Hedysarum criniferum and Allium stipitatum are reported here for the first time. The occurrence of accessory chromosomes are also reported for Acantholimon schahrudicum and Dorema ammoniacum, being the first records of B chromosomes in the genera Acantholimon and Dorema.

scholarly journals New chromosome counts and genome size estimates for 28 species of Taraxacum sect. Taraxacum

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Macháčková ◽  
Ľuboš Majeský ◽  
Michal Hroneš ◽  
Eva Hřibová ◽  
Bohumil Trávníček ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Size ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Chromosome Counts ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Sexual And Asexual Reproduction ◽  
The World ◽  
Reproduction Strategies ◽  
First Time ◽  
Size Estimates

The species-rich and widespread genusTaraxacumF. H. Wiggers, 1780 (Asteraceae subfamily Cichorioideae) is one of the most taxonomically complex plant genera in the world, mainly due to its combination of different sexual and asexual reproduction strategies. Polyploidy is usually confined to apomictic microspecies, varying from 3x to 6x (rarely 10x). In this study, we focused on Taraxacum sect.Taraxacum(= T.sect.Ruderalia;T.officinalegroup), i.e., the largest group within the genus. We counted chromosome numbers and measured the DNA content for species sampled in Central Europe, mainly in Czechia. The chromosome number of the 28 species (T.aberransHagendijk, Soest & Zevenbergen, 1974,T.atrovirideŠtěpánek & Trávníček, 2008,T.atroxKirschner & Štěpánek, 1997,T.baeckiiformeSahlin, 1971,T.chrysophaenumRailonsala, 1957,T.coartatumG.E. Haglund, 1942,T.corynodesG.E. Haglund, 1943,T.crassumH. Øllgaard & Trávníček, 2003,T.deltoidifronsH. Øllgaard, 2003,T.diastematicumMarklund, 1940,T.gesticulansH. Øllgaard, 1978,T.glossodonSonck & H. Øllgaard, 1999,T.guttigestansH. Øllgaard in Kirschner & Štěpánek, 1992,T.huelphersianumG.E. Haglund, 1935,T.ingensPalmgren, 1910,T.jugiferumH. Øllgaard, 2003,T.laticordatumMarklund, 1938,T.lojoenseH. Lindberg, 1944 (=T.debrayiHagendijk, Soest & Zevenbergen, 1972,T.lippertianumSahlin, 1979),T.lucidifronsTrávníček, ineditus,T.obtusifronsMarklund, 1938,T.ochrochlorumG.E. Haglund, 1942,T.ohlseniiG.E. Haglund, 1936,T.perdubiumTrávníček, ineditus,T.praestabileRailonsala, 1962,T.sepulcrilobumTrávníček, ineditus,T.sertatumKirschner, H. Øllgaard & Štěpánek, 1997,T.subhuelphersianumM.P. Christiansen, 1971,T.valensMarklund, 1938) is 2n = 3x = 24. The DNA content ranged from 2C = 2.60 pg (T.atrox) to 2C = 2.86 pg (T.perdubium), with an average value of 2C = 2.72 pg. Chromosome numbers are reported for the first time for 26 species (all butT.diastematicumandT.obtusifrons), and genome size estimates for 26 species are now published for the first time.

scholarly journals New chromosome numbers in Pilocarpus Vahl (Rutaceae)

2000 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-24
Author(s):  
Ladislau A. Skorupa
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Basic Number ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Chromosome Counts ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
First Time ◽  
Tip Cells ◽  
Root Tip Cells

Chromosome counts for eight species of Pilocarpus Vahl (Rutaceae) a native of Brazil are reported for the first time. Chromosome numbers were determined from mitotic root tip cells of seedlings derived from field collections and grown in the greenhouse. Feulgen staining was used. Initial pre-treatment of root tips was done by using a saturated aqueous solution of alpha-bromonapthalene for two hours at room temperature (20-25ºC). Chromosome numbers of 2n=44 and 2n=88 were determined for the examined taxa. The present results suggest the occurrence of tetraploidy in P. spicatus St.-Hil. and P. carajaensis Skorupa, and a possible basic number x=22 to the genus Pilocarpus.

Does polyploidy occur in central European species of the family Sphaeriidae (Mollusca: Bivalvia)?

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 777-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tereza Kořínková ◽  
Alena Morávková
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Chromosomal Rearrangements ◽  
Small Chromosome ◽  
Time Analysis ◽  
Chromosome Counts ◽  
The Family ◽  
Dna Contents ◽  
Acrocentric Chromosomes ◽  
First Time

AbstractSome representatives of the bivalve family Sphaeriidae are assumed to be polyploid. In this study, 11 sphaeriid species (nine of the genus Pisidium, one of Musculium, and one of Sphaerium) inhabiting central Europe were studied karyologically, 10 of them for the first time. Analysis revealed high chromosome numbers (from 140 to 240). To elucidate the origin of high chromosome numbers, DNA contents were measured by flow cytometry in 5 of the studied species and, for comparison, in S. corneum and S. nucleus, which are known to be diploid (2n=30). Species with high chromosome counts yielded very similar DNA contents that are not higher than in the related species with low diploid numbers. This finding contradicts a possible origin of these species by recent polyploidization or hybridization of related species. Chromosome complements of the investigated species with high chromosome numbers differ from those with low 2n in their small chromosome size and the high proportion of subtelo- or acrocentric chromosomes. This indicates their possible origin either by an ancient polyplodization event followed by chromosomal rearrangements or by multiple chromosome fissions.

CYTOTAXONOMIC STUDIES IN THE TRIBE CYNAREAE (COMPOSITAE)

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Moore ◽  
C. Frankton
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Chromosome Counts ◽  
Cytological Evidence ◽  
First Time

Chromosome numbers of 40 taxa of nine genera of the Cynareae together with discussions of pertinent taxonomic problems are presented. Chromosome counts for 26 taxa are presented for the first time; the chief of these are: Carduus cernuus, n = 11; C. pycnocephalus and C. tenuiflorus, 2n = 54; Cirsium arachnoideum, C. obvallatum, C. pendulum, C. tricholoma, 2n = 34; Echinops (six species), 2n = 30; Notobasis syriaca, 2n = 34; Onopordum (two species), 2n = 34; Saussurea densa, 2n = 26; Silybum eburneum, n = 17. The morphology of the chromosome complements is discussed in relation to the interrelationships and phylogeny of these genera. Cytological evidence supports the retention of Notobasis and Chamaepeuce as distinct from Cirsium.

scholarly journals Chromosome Numbers of Four Nigerian Species of Cola Schott. & Endlicher (Sterculiaceae).

2005 ◽  
Vol 54 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 42-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. O. Adebola ◽  
J. A. Morakinyo
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Wild Species ◽  
Mitotic Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome Morphology ◽  
High Symmetry ◽  
Chromosome Counts ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Cultivated Species ◽  
First Time

Abstract This paper reports the results of chromosome countings in four wild Cola species (Cola lateritia, C. ballayi, C. verticillata and C. gigantea). Cytological investigation of these species gave a constant mitotic chromosome counts of 2n = 4x = 40 for the first time. The karyotypes were found to consist mostly of metacentric and submetacentric chromosomes. In addition to confirming the chromosome numbers and ploidy levels in these species, the results also reveals high symmetry and homogeneity of the karyotypes with those of the cultivated species (C. nitida and C. acuminata) already reported. The similarity in chromosome morphology between the cultivated and wild species indicate their common origin and suggests the possibility of using these wild species as bridges for gene transfer in Cola breeding programmes involving interspecific hybridization.

scholarly journals Contribution to knowledge about genome size in members of the family Asteraceae from Turkey: First assessments in 17 taxa, with chromosome counts for nine taxa

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-53
Author(s):  
Huseyin Inceer ◽  
Nursen Kalmuk
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Genome Size ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Evolutionary Significance ◽  
Chromosome Counts ◽  
The Family ◽  
First Time

In this study, we report genome size (C-values) estimated using flow cytometry for 18 taxa of Asteraceae from Turkey, 17 of which are here assessed for the first time. The studied taxa belong to the genera Achillea (one species), Anthemis (one subspecies), Tanacetum (four taxa) and Crepis (12 taxa). Additionally, chromosome numbers of nine taxa of Crepis are provided, four counts being new reports and the remainder confirming previous data. The 2C-values of the studied taxa range from 2.08 to 11.06 pg, which represent more than fivefold variation. The systematic and evolutionary significance of genome size is discussed within the framework of the results obtained in this study.

The Peruvian species of Cristaria (Malveae, Malvaceae): taxonomic revision, chromosome counts, and breeding system

Phytotaxa ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
JULIO V. SCHNEIDER
Keyword(s):  
Breeding System ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Atacama Desert ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Chromosome Counts ◽  
New Subspecies ◽  
First Time

Cristaria (Malvaceae) contains about 20 species distributed in Chile, Argentina, and Peru. Most of the species are confined to the Chilean Atacama desert, two species are shared with Argentina, and three species had been reported for Peru. Of the three species previously cited for Peru, only Cristaria multifida is recognized here. One new subspecies is described (Cristaria multifida subsp. moquipana) and a lectotype for Sida pterosperma is here designated. Nomenclatoral and taxonomic notes as well as a key to the two subspecies of Cristaria multifida are presented. Additionally, chromosome numbers for Cristaria multifida (2n = 12) are reported for the first time. Based on pollen-ovule ratios, C. multifida is considered facultatively autogamous to facultatively xenogamous.

CYTOTAXONOMY OF THREE SPECIES OF CENTAUREA ADVENTIVE IN CANADA

1954 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 182-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Moore ◽  
C. Frankton
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Introduced Species ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Diploid Chromosome Number ◽  
Chromosome Counts ◽  
Normal Pollen ◽  
Taxonomic Problem ◽  
First Time

The chromosome numbers of three introduced species of Centaurea are here reported: C. diffusa Lam., 2n = 18; C. maculosa, Lam., 2n = 36; C. repens L., 2n = 26. The chromosome counts of C. diffusa and of C. maculosa, which are here reported for the first time, help to clarify a taxonomic problem. A pappus is usually lacking on the achenes of C. diffusa but is present on those of C. maculosa. As a result, plants of C. diffusa with a short pappus have been considered to be possible hybrids between these species. Three such plants here studied had the diploid chromosome number 18, rather than the triploid number to be expected in such a hybrid. Examination of pollen of suspected hybrid specimens shows that the percentage of normal pollen is high. This fact also supports the belief that plants of C. diffusa with a short pappus on the achene are not hybrids with C. maculosa.

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