Cryptic speciation and species diversity among Australian and New Zealand hornwort taxa of Megaceros (Dendrocerotaceae)

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 356 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Christine Cargill ◽  
Nicole G. F. Vella ◽  
Ish Sharma ◽  
Joseph T. Miller
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Species Boundaries ◽  
Cryptic Speciation ◽  
Macquarie Island ◽  
Molecular Studies ◽  
The Common ◽  
A New Species

Recent molecular studies have redefined families and genera within the anthocerotes, but species boundaries are only now being revised. Monophyly of Australian and New Zealand taxa within the genus Megaceros Campb., which share the same spore and similar gametophyte morphology, was assessed. On the basis of sequence data, mainland Australian lineages are not monophyletic but are interspersed with New Zealand lineages. There are three species present in Australia, including the common and widespread M. gracilis (Reichardt) Steph., the widespread tropical M. flagellaris (Mitt.) Steph., recognised by its tesselated spores, and a new species, M. austronesophilus, found only in Tasmania and Macquarie Island. None of the currently recognised New Zealand taxa is conspecific with any of the Australian taxa. However, New Zealand lineages were found to be genetically and morphologically more diverse than is currently recognised.

scholarly journals Troublesome Trimes: Potential cryptic speciation of the Trimeresurus (Popeia) popeiorum complex (Serpentes: Crotalidae) around the Isthmus of Kra (Myanmar and Thailand)

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4347 (2) ◽  
pp. 301 ◽  
Author(s):  
DANIEL G. MULCAHY ◽  
JUSTIN L. LEE ◽  
ARYEH H. MILLER ◽  
GEORGE R. ZUG
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Mitochondrial Genes ◽  
Cryptic Speciation ◽  
Undescribed Species ◽  
Bayesian Analyses ◽  
The North ◽  
Mtdna Sequence ◽  
Molecular Studies ◽  
Isthmus Of Kra

The taxonomic identity of the Trimeresurus (Popeia) popeiorum complex from the Isthmus of Kra and to the north was investigated. Several studies over the last decade have produced several specimens and associated mtDNA sequence data for a variety of individuals of the T. popeiorum and “T. sabahi” complexes. Here, we combine four mitochondrial genes (12S, 16S, ND4, and CytB) from all available specimens in GenBank with the addition of five new specimens collected from the mainland, Tanintharyi Region of Myanmar. Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian analyses identified that T. popeiorum sensu lato is paraphyletic with two geographically distinct clades: a northern clade representing populations from northern Myanmar, Laos and northern Thailand and a southern clade representing samples from the Tanintharyi Region and adjacent west Thailand. While the two clades have considerable genetic distance, they appear to be morphologically identical, leading to the hypothesis that the southern clade represents a cryptic, undescribed species. Because they appear to be cryptic species and the limitation of only five specimens from the southern lineage, this does not permit us to formally describe the new species. In accordance to past molecular studies, we uncovered paraphyly and lack of genetic support for the validity of taxa within the T. sabahi complex. However, we suggest recognizing these populations as subspecies within T. sabahi. 

A revised circumscription for Siphonolejeunea and a new species from New Zealand

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matt A. M. Renner ◽  
Peter J. de Lange
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Molecular Phylogeny ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Key To Species ◽  
Chloroplast Markers ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Significant Conflict

A molecular phylogeny to test the monophyly of Nephelolejeunea by using previously published nrITS, rbcL and trnL–F sequence data demonstrated that Nephelolejeunea is paraphyletic with respect to Siphonolejeunea. Nephelolejeunea and Siphonolejeunea are, therefore, merged and, as the latter name has priority, new combinations in Siphonolejeunea are made for 10 species. The valid publication of the name Austrolejeunea is re-evaluated and we conclude that both Siphonolejeunea subgenus Austrolejeunea and Siphonolejeunea olgae were validly published in 1963. Siphonolejeunea bidentata is reported as new for New Zealand on the basis of a collection from the Wairarapa, a new species, Siphonolejeunea raharahanehemiae, is described on the basis of recent collections from Te Paki, where it grows on the twigs of Metrosideros bartlettii (Myrtaceae), and we provide a revised key to species of Siphonolejeunea. The significant conflict in signal between nrITS and chloroplast markers associated with the relationships of Cololejeunea angustiflora, which chloroplast sequence data suggest may not be grouped with the rest of Cololejeunea, is another interesting result from the phylogeny. The relationships of Cololejeunea angustiflora and its allies warrant further investigation.

scholarly journals A spectacular new species of seadragon (Syngnathidae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 140458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josefin Stiller ◽  
Nerida G. Wilson ◽  
Greg W. Rouse
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Shallow Waters ◽  
Southern Coast ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Molecular Sequence Data ◽  
Molecular Sequence ◽  
The Common ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Red Coloration

The exploration of Earth's biodiversity is an exciting and ongoing endeavour. Here, we report a new species of seadragon from Western Australia with substantial morphological and genetic differences to the only two other known species. We describe it as Phyllopteryx dewysea n. sp. Although the leafy seadragon ( Phycodurus eques ) and the common seadragon ( Phyllopteryx taeniolatus ) occur along Australia's southern coast, generally among relatively shallow macroalgal reefs, the new species was found more offshore in slightly deeper waters. The holotype was trawled east of the remote Recherche Archipelago in 51 m; additional specimens extend the distribution west to Perth in 72 m. Molecular sequence data show clear divergence from the other seadragons (7.4–13.1% uncorrected divergence in mitochondrial DNA) and support a placement as the sister-species to the common seadragon. Radiographs and micro-computed tomography were used on the holotype of the new species and revealed unique features, in addition to its unusual red coloration. The discovery provides a spectacular example of the surprises still hidden in our oceans, even in relatively shallow waters.

Cardamine cubita (Brassicaceae), a new species from New Zealand with a remarkable reduction in floral parts

Phytotaxa ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 140 (1) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Peter Brian Heenan ◽  
B. P. J. MOLLOY ◽  
R. D. SMISSEN
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Floral Characters ◽  
Central South ◽  
Remarkable Reduction ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Single Locality

A new species, Cardamine cubita, is named and described from the central South Island, New Zealand. DNA sequence data confirm that C. cubita belongs to a clade comprising C. hirsuta and C. oligosperma. This new species has a unique suite of reduced vegetative and floral characters. Cardamine cubita is known from a single locality, and is assigned a New Zealand conservation status of Nationally Critical.

Integrative taxonomy of giant crested Eusirus in the Southern Ocean, including the description of a new species (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Eusiridae)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie L Verheye ◽  
Cédric D’Udekem D’Acoz
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Integrative Taxonomy ◽  
Putative Species ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
Statistical Parsimony ◽  
Bayesian Implementation ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Giant Species

Abstract Among Antarctic amphipods of the genus Eusirus, a highly distinctive clade of giant species is characterized by a dorsal, blade-shaped tooth on pereionites 5–7 and pleonites 1–3. This lineage, herein named ‘crested Eusirus’, includes two potential species complexes, the Eusirus perdentatus and Eusirus giganteus complexes, in addition to the more distinctive Eusirus propeperdentatus. Molecular phylogenies and statistical parsimony networks (COI, CytB and ITS2) of crested Eusirus are herein reconstructed. This study aims to formally revise species diversity within crested Eusirus by applying several species delimitation methods (Bayesian implementation of the Poisson tree processes model, general mixed Yule coalescent, multi-rate Poisson tree processes and automatic barcode gap discovery) on the resulting phylogenies. In addition, results from the DNA-based methods are benchmarked against a detailed morphological analysis of all available specimens of the E. perdentatus complex. Our results indicate that species diversity of crested Eusirus is underestimated. Overall, DNA-based methods suggest that the E. perdentatus complex is composed of three putative species and that the E. giganteus complex includes four or five putative species. The morphological analysis of available specimens from the E. perdentatus complex corroborates molecular results by identifying two differentiable species, the genuine E. perdentatus and a new species, herein described as Eusirus pontomedon sp. nov.

A new Liopeltis Fitzinger, 1843 (Squamata: Colubridae) from Pulau Tioman, Peninsular Malaysia

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4766 (3) ◽  
pp. 472-484
Author(s):  
HANNAH E. SOM ◽  
L. LEE GRISMER ◽  
PERRY L. JR. WOOD ◽  
EVAN S. H. QUAH ◽  
RAFE M. BROWN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
New Species ◽  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Rare Species ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Tropical Asia ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Lines Of Evidence

Liopeltis is a genus of poorly known, infrequently sampled species of colubrid snakes in tropical Asia. We collected a specimen of Liopeltis from Pulau Tioman, Peninsular Malaysia, that superficially resembled L. philippina, a rare species that is endemic to the Palawan Pleistocene Aggregate Island Complex, western Philippines. We analyzed morphological and mitochondrial DNA sequence data from the Pulau Tioman specimen and found distinct differences to L. philippina and all other congeners. On the basis of these corroborated lines of evidence, the Pulau Tioman specimen is described as a new species, L. tiomanica sp. nov. The new species occurs in sympatry with L. tricolor on Pulau Tioman, and our description of L. tiomanica sp. nov. brings the number of endemic amphibians and reptiles on Pulau Tioman to 12. 

Ahnea, a new genus from New Zealand (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae), with description of a new species

2014 ◽  
Vol 147 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong-Seok Park ◽  
Christopher E. Carlton
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Key To Species ◽  
Diagnostic Characters ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Line Drawings ◽  
A New Species

AbstractAhnea keejeongi Park and Carlton (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae), a new genus and new species of New Zealand endemic beetle belonging to the supertribe Faronitae is described. Six previously described species are included to this genus and four species are synonymised as follow: Sagola dissonans Broun, 1921 and S. planicula Broun, 1921 under Ahnea ventralis (Broun, 1912); S. carinata Broun, 1912 and S. lineiceps Broun, 1921 under Ahnea lineata (Broun, 1893). A key to species, habitus photographs, line drawings of diagnostic characters, and distribution maps are provided.

scholarly journals A new species of Anemopaegma (Bignonieae, Bignoniaceae) from the Atlantic Forest of Brazil

Phytotaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 219 (2) ◽  
pp. 174
Author(s):  
Fabiana Firetti Leggieri ◽  
DIEGO DEMARCO ◽  
LÚCIA G. LOHMANN
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Axillary Buds ◽  
Spongy Parenchyma ◽  
Palisade Parenchyma ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Anatomical Studies ◽  
A New Species

The Atlantic Forest of Brazil includes one of the highest species diversity and endemism in the planet, representing a priority for biodiversity conservation. A new species of Anemopaegma from the Atlantic Forest of Brazil is here described, illustrated and compared to its closest relatives. Anemopaegma nebulosum Firetti-Leggieri & L.G. Lohmann has been traditionally treated as a morph of Anemopaegma prostratum; however, additional morphological and anatomical studies indicated that A. nebulosum differs significantly from A. prostratum and is best treated as a separate species. More specifically, A. nebulosum is characterized by elliptic and coriaceous leaflets (vs. ovate to orbicular and membranaceous in A. prostratum), smaller leaflet blades (3.6–5.5 x 2.0–3.0 cm vs. 6.7–13.0 x 4.2–8.4 cm in A. prostratum), orbicular prophylls of the axillary buds (vs. no prophylls in A. prostratum), solitary flowers (vs. multi-flowered axillary racemes in A. prostratum) and a gibbous corolla (vs. infundibuliform corollas in A. prostratum). In addition, A. nebulosum differs from A. prostratum anatomically in having thicker leaflet blades composed of two to four layers of palisade parenchyma (vs. one to three layers in A. prostratum), and seven to eight layers in the spongy parenchyma (vs. six to eight layers in A. prostratum). A key for the identification of all species of Anemopaegma from the Atlantic Forest of Brazil is presented.

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