A review of the fern genus Pellaea (Pteridaceae) in Australasia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick J. Brownsey ◽  
Daniel J. Ohlsen ◽  
Lara D. Shepherd ◽  
Whitney L. M. Bouma ◽  
Erin L. May ◽  
...  

Five indigenous species of Pellaea in Australasia belong to section Platyloma. Their taxonomic history is outlined, morphological, cytological and genetic evidence for their recognition reviewed, and new morphological and chloroplast DNA-sequence data provided. Australian plants of P. falcata (R.Br.) Fée are diploid and have longer, narrower pinnae than do New Zealand plants previously referred to P. falcata, which are tetraploid. Evidence indicates that P. falcata does not occur in New Zealand, and that collections so-named are P. rotundifolia (G.Forst.) Hook. Chloroplast DNA sequences are uninformative in distinguishing Australian P. falcata from New Zealand P. rotundifolia, but show that Australian P. nana is distinct from both. Sequence data also show that Australian and New Zealand populations of P. calidirupium Brownsey & Lovis are closely related, and that Australian P. paradoxa (R.Br.) Hook. is distinct from other Australian species. Although P. falcata is diploid and P. rotundifolia tetraploid, P. calidirupium, P. nana (Hook.) Bostock and P. paradoxa each contain multiple ploidy levels. Diploid populations of Pellaea species are confined to Australia, and only tetraploids are known in New Zealand. Evolution of the group probably involved hybridisation, autoploidy, alloploidy, and possibly apomixis. Further investigation is required to resolve the status of populations from Mount Maroon, Queensland and the Kermadec Islands.

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josephine Piggin ◽  
Jeremy J. Bruhl

Relationships between Callitris, Actinostrobus and Neocallitropsis, members of the southern hemisphere ‘callitroid clade’ (Callitroideae sensu Gadek et al. 2000) of Cupressaceae, are estimated using a database of 42 morphological and anatomical characters. Callitris is paraphyletic, with Actinostrobus being closer to a large well supported clade of 15 Australian species of Callitris than are C. baileyi, C. macleayana and the New Caledonian taxa. The New Caledonian unispecific endemic, Neocallitropsis, is sister to the clade comprising all Callitris and Actinostrobus species. There are marked differences between this estimate of the phylogeny and two recent estimates based on nuclear encoded DNA sequence data and non-molecular data, respectively, but some simlarities to the molecular estimate are highlighted and lead us here to formally include Actinostrobus within Callitris. Further molecular data are needed to test these results and explore the cause of the conflict between these estimates of the phylogeny within the group, and the status of Neocallitropsis.


Genome ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 1157-1166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomotaro Nishikawa ◽  
Björn Salomon ◽  
Takao Komatsuda ◽  
Roland von Bothmer ◽  
Koh-ichi Kadowaki

The genus Hordeum consists of three cytotypes (2x, 4x, and 6x). Its reproductive isolation has been incomplete between closely related species and hence the genetic relationship is reticulate and complex. We used 32 taxa of Hordeum and three chloroplast DNA sequences, matK, atpB–rbcL, and trnL–trnF, in the current study. Molecular phylogenetic analysis based on sequence data of the three chloroplast DNA regions clearly demonstrated genetic relationships among taxa and origin of polypoids. The formation of H. secalinum likely involved hybridization between Hordeum marinum subsp. marinum and a Eurasian diploid possessing the H genome. The formation of hexaploid Hordeum brachyantherum involved hybridization between tetraploid H. brachyantherum and diploid H. marinum subsp. gussoneanum. The formation of three tetraploids, H. brachyantherum, Hordeum jubatum, and Hordeum guatemalense, probably involved hybridization between H. brachyantherum subsp. californicum and an altered H genome diploid. The formation of Hordeum arizonicum involved the two taxa Hordeum pusillum and H. jubatum.Key words: chloroplast DNA, phylogeny, Hordeum, barley.


2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Whitney L. M. Bouma ◽  
Peter Ritchie ◽  
Leon R. Perrie

Previous molecular phylogenetic studies of the species-rich Pteridaceae fern family have revealed that many of its constituent genera are not monophyletic. Within this context, we generated rbcL chloroplast DNA sequences for the 17 Pteridaceae species indigenous to New Zealand to assess how they are related to the type species of their genus. Of the five genera presently recognised in New Zealand, no taxonomic change is needed for the species of Anogramma, or, probably, of Cheilanthes and Pellaea. In contrast, most species presently attributed to Pteris, including those in New Zealand, probably do not belong there. The status of Adiantum remains unclear, although the New Zealand species are not especially closely related to the type species. The Adiantum species in New Zealand belong to a wide-ranging, principally southern hemisphere, clade that appears to be pivotal to resolving the relationships of Adiantum, although it has been little sampled. The closest relatives of the New Zealand species are in Australia and South America for Cheilanthes, Australia and South-east Asia for Pellaea, and the south-western Pacific for both of the Pteris lineages in New Zealand, whereas Anogramma leptophylla (L.) Link is subcosmopolitan.


2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 180
Author(s):  
Timothy R. C. Lee ◽  
Theodore A. Evans ◽  
Stephen L. Cameron ◽  
Simon Y. W. Ho ◽  
Anna A. Namyatova ◽  
...  

Integrative taxonomy, including molecular, morphological, distributional and biological data, is applied in a review of the taxonomy of the Australian species of the pest termite genus Coptotermes. The validity of the previously described species is discussed, and two new species, Coptotermes nanus, sp. nov. and Coptotermes cooloola, sp. nov., are described from the Kimberley region of Western Australia and south-east Queensland respectively. Their delimitation is based on morphological and distributional data, and the results of generalised mixed Yule-coalescent analysis of mitochondrial DNA sequence data. Images of the external view of the two new species are provided, as well as a key, based on soldier characters, for all Australian species of Coptotermes.


Tropics ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dayananda Thawalama GAMAGE ◽  
Morley de SILVA ◽  
Akira YOSHIDA ◽  
Alfred E. SZMIDT ◽  
Tsuneyuki YAMAZAKI

2012 ◽  
Vol 298 (6) ◽  
pp. 1151-1165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Grabiele ◽  
Laura Chalup ◽  
Germán Robledo ◽  
Guillermo Seijo

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