VARIASI DAN HUBUNGAN FENETIK AKSESI KUNYIT DI YOGYAKARTA DAN SEKITARNYA

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan variasi morfologis dan anatomis tiap aksesi Curcuma longa, serta hubungan fenetik pada spesies antar aksesi Curcuma longa. Sebanyak 13 sampel diambil di area Yogyakarta dan sekitarnya, karakter morfologis yang dibandingkan bersumber dari akar, rimpang, daun meliputi bentuk dan ukuran. Karakter anatomis diamati pada daun dan rimpang. Penentuan karakter morfologis berdasarkan Protection of Plant Varieties dan Farmers’ Rights Authority. Hubungan fenetik menggunakan perbandingan karakter morfologis dan anatomis spesies Curcuma longa yang diteliti. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan variasi morfologis Curcuma longa di Yogyakarta dan sekitarnya memiliki perbedaan tinggi tanaman, morfologis daun, serta morfologis akar dan rimpang. Variasi karakter anatomis Curcuma longa memiliki perbedaan ketebalan epidermis daun, ukuran dan densitas stomata, ketebalan berkas pengangkut, ketebalan epidermis dan hipodermis rimpang. Berdasarkan analisis fenetik Curcuma longa di Yogyakarta dan sekitarnya dapat diketahui bahwa hubungan kekerabatan fenetik berdasarkan karakter morfologis terbagi menjadi dua klaster besar dan empat subklaster, sedangkan berdasarkan karakter anatomis terbagi menjadi dua klaster dan enam subklaster.VARIATION AND PHENETIC RELATIONSHIP OF TUMERIC ACCESSIONS IN YOGYAKARTA AND SURROUNDING AREASThe purpose of this study was to determine the morphological and anatomical variations of each accession of Curcuma longa, as well as the phenetic relationship among accessions of Curcuma longa. A total of 13 samples were taken in the Yogyakarta and surrounding areas, the morphological characters compared from roots, rhizomes, leaves include shape and size. The anatomical characters were observed in the leaves and rhizomes. The determination of morphological characters based on Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers’ Rights Authority. The phenetic relationship used a comparison of the morphological and anatomical characters of the Curcuma longa species studied. The results showed that the morphological variations of Curcuma longa in Yogyakarta and its surroundings had differences in plant height, leaf morphology, and root and rhizome morphology. Variations in anatomical characters of Curcuma longa have differences in leaf epidermis thickness, stomata size and density, carrier bundle thickness, epidermis and rhizome hypodermis thickness. Based on the phenetic analysis of Curcuma longa in Yogyakarta and its surroundings, it shows phenetic relationship based on morphological characters is divided into two large clusters and four sub-clusters, while based on anatomical characters it is divided into two clusters and six sub-clusters.

Genome-wide analysis of AP2/ERF superfamily in lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) and the association between NnADAP and rhizome morphology

Background The AP2/ERF family is widely present in plants and plays a crucial regulatory role in plant growth and development. As an essential aquatic horticultural model plant, lotus has an increasingly prominent economic and research value. Results We have identified and analysed the AP2/ERF gene family in the lotus. Initially, 121 AP2/ERF family genes were identified. By analysing their gene distribution and protein structure, and their expression patterns during the development of lotus rhizome, combined with previous studies, we obtained an SNP (megascaffold_20:3578539) associated with lotus rhizome phenotype. This SNP was in the NnADAP gene of the AP2 subfamily, and the changes in SNP (C/T) caused amino acid conversion (proline/leucine). We constructed a population of 95 lotus varieties for SNP verification. Through population typing experiments, we found that the group with SNP CC had significantly larger lotus rhizome and higher soluble sugar content among the population. Conclusions In conclusion, we speculate that the alteration of the SNP in the NnADAP can affect the size and sugar content of the lotus rhizome.

Generic affiliation of Phyllagathis phamhoangii (Melastomataceae) from Vietnam

Phyllagathis phamhoangii, a species from Vietnam, was originally described in Phyllagathis based on its resemblance to P. nanakorniana and P. subrotunda in habit, rhizome morphology and leaf shape. However, its overall morphology, mainly stamen and capsule morphology, corresponds better with Fordiophyton indicating questionable generic affiliation. We included molecular (nrITS) and anatomical (crystal form) evidences to resolve the generic affiliation of P. phamhoangii. Our phylogenetic analyses recovered P. phamhoangii inside Fordiophyton and P. nanakorniana and P. subrotunda inside the Kerriothyrsus clade. The Fordiophyton clade is characterized by the presence of raphides, while the Kerriothyrsus clade is characterized by druses. Based on these evidences, P. phamhoangii is herein transferred to Fordiophyton, resulting in a new combination F. phamhoangii. It is morphologically similar to F. peperomiifolium but differs from the latter in the leaf blade with shortly acuminate to acuminate apex (vs. broadly acute), hypanthium 4-ridged (vs. not ridged), and connectives of shorter stamens dorsally spurred (vs. not spurred).

Growth Pattern, Biochemical and Physiological Characteristics to Determine Harvesting Time of Big White Ginger Rhizome Seeds

<p>The use of young seed rhizomes became one of the obstacles in large white ginger (JPB) cultivation. Young ginger rhizomes rapidly shrank and decrease their viability. The experiment was aimed to study growth patterns, biochemical changes, and physiology of ginger plants to produce good quality rhizome seeds. JPB rhizome seeds used were 9 months old, have been stored for 2 weeks after harvest, weighed 30-40 g with 2-3 buds, healthy, and given seed treatment. The rhizomes were planted in growth medium in polybags (60 cm x 60 cm). The study was conducted by direct observation, repeated 4 times, consisting of 50 plants per replication. Observations were made on the plant growth patterns (plant height, stem length, tillers number, leaves number); rhizome development (fresh weight, branch rhizomes number, moisture content, and dry weight during growth); starch and hormonal content (IAA, gibberellin, ABA and cytokinin) of the rhizomes; and viability of rhizome seeds (growth rate, seed height, and dry weight). The results showed that the rhizomes of the 7-month-old ginger after planting (MAP) has entered the ripening phase, the rhizome morphology was optimal, and the starch content was not different from the rhizome seeds at 8 and 9 MAP. In addition, physiologically, the rhizome's growth potential was maximal (100%), growth rate (4.3% etmal^-1), and seed height (33.8 cm) were better than 8 MAP (80%, 2.9% etmal^-1, 33.7 cm) and 9 MAP (70%, 2.3% etmal^-1, 29.4 cm). This study indicated that ginger rhizomes harvested from 7 months old plants can be used for seeds.</p>

Influence of propagation method a nd indole-3-butyric acid on growth and development of in vitro- and ex vitro-derived lingonberry plants

The effects of two propagation methods and four indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) concentrations were studied in two cultivars of lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.). Cultivars Regal and Erntedank, propagated by conventional softwood cuttings (SC) and adventitious shoot regeneration from excised leaves of micropropagated shoots (LC), were evaluated for growth and morphology. Significant two- and three-way interactions for shoot and rhizome characteristics were observed among the treatments. The LC plants produced shorter and less-vigorous shoots but had more stems, branches, leaves and rhizomes in contrast to conventional cuttings, which rarely produced rhizomes. IBA had an effect on shoot and rhizome morphology, but not on the frequency of rhizome formation. In vitro culture on zeatin-containing nutrient medium apparently induces the juvenile branching characteristics that favored enhanced rhizome production. The advantage of shoot and rhizome production of adventitiously produced LC plants over SC plants varied between the genotypes. Erntedank plants had better shoot growth and rhizome development across propagation methods than did Regal plants. Key words: Vaccinium vitis-idaea, propagation, regeneration, cuttings, indole-3-butyric acid