Epidemiology of HIV and sexually transmitted infections in Thailand

Sexual Health ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 209 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Chandeying
Keyword(s):  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
National Scale ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Condom Usage ◽  
Sources Of Infection ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Made In ◽  
Hiv Aids

There are very few developing countries in the world where public policy has been effective in preventing the spread of HIV/AIDS on a national scale. Thailand is an exception, a massive program to control HIV has reduced visits to commercial sex workers by half, raised condom usage, decreased sexually transmitted infections dramatically, and achieved substantial reductions in new HIV infections. However, unless past efforts are sustained and new sources of infection are addressed, the striking achievements made in controlling the epidemic could be put at risk. There is a need in Thailand to continue strong HIV/AIDS prevention and education efforts in the future, as well as to provide treatment and care for those living with HIV/AIDS.

scholarly journals Social cohesion, condom use, and sexually transmitted infections among female sex workers living with HIV in the Dominican Republic

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Carrasco ◽  
C Barrington ◽  
M Perez ◽  
Y Donastorg ◽  
D Kerrigan
Keyword(s):  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Condom Use ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Female Sex Workers ◽  
Pregnancy Intentions ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Living With Hiv

This cross-sectional study examines the relationship between social cohesion with consistent condom use (CCU) and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among the Abriendo Puertas (Opening Doors) cohort of female sex workers (FSWs) living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the Dominican Republic (n = 228). Using data from the follow-up survey of the cohort, we conducted multivariate logistic regression to explore these dynamics. Social cohesion was significantly associated with CCU between FSWs living with HIV and their clients in the last month (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.65, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.11–2.45) and STI prevalence among FSWs (AOR: 3.76, CI: 1.159–12.162). Social cohesion was not associated with CCU between FSWs living with HIV and their steady partners. However, both illicit drug use in the past six months (AOR = 0.11, CI: 0.023–0.57) and pregnancy intentions (AOR = 0.11; CI: 0.02–0.42) were significantly associated with CCU with steady partners. Findings highlight the differential role of social cohesion on condom use outcomes between FSWs living with HIV and their paying clients versus steady partners. Research on the pathways via which cohesion influences condom use among sex workers and their clients is merited, as is research regarding the role of drug use and pregnancy intentions on condom use with steady partners.

scholarly journals Social and health reasons for lime juice vaginal douching among female sex workers in Borno State, Nigeria

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulkarim G. Mairiga ◽  
Abubakar A. Kullima ◽  
Mohammed B. Kawuwa
Keyword(s):  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Sexual Pleasure ◽  
Sexual History ◽  
Cervical Lesions ◽  
Lime Juice ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Vaginal Douching

Background: Vaginal douching with lime juice and other agents has been perceived to enhance sexual excitement through sensations of vaginal dryness, tightness or warmth, as well as prevent sexually transmitted infections and restore and tighten the vagina after delivery. Its effectiveness as a contraceptive has also been reported. However, the social and health reasons/consequences of such a practice have not been adequately documented in the communities of Borno State, Nigeria.Objectives: This study aimed to determine the extent of, reasons for, and the reproductive health effects of, the use of lime juice for vaginal douching among the commercial sex workers (CSWs) in selected areas of the three senatorial regions of Borno State, Nigeria.Method: This was a community-based descriptive study conducted among female CSWs in selected communities of Borno State, Nigeria. A sample of 194 CSWs were randomly selected and interviewed on their sexual history and douching practices.Results: One hundred and twenty (62%) respondents admitted practicing vaginal douching with lime juice, with 85% having been CSWs for a period greater than three years. More than half douched for sexual pleasure, hygiene and contraception. Significantly more lime juice users had increased susceptibility to sexually transmitted infections (STIs) than non-users. Users had a higher prevalence of HIV infection than non-users. The Papanicouleaua (pap) smear test for cervical lesions also showed that moderate to severe dysplastic changes were more prevalent among limejuice users.Conclusion: Many CSWs in this community use lime juice for douching, for various reasons. Indications are that its use is associated with a higher prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV infections and dysplastic cervical changes. Owing to confounding issues, such as the number of sexual partners, frequency of sexual exposure per day and the duration of exposure, it cannot, therefore, be deduced that douching with lime juice is the only reason for the higher prevalence of STIs and HIV. Nevertheless, there is an obvious need to mount extensive campaigns to educate the CSW on the possible risks of using such a practice.

scholarly journals A study of clinical course and therapeutic response of sexually transmitted infections in people living with HIV/AIDS

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Ram Kanta Halder ◽  
Pradeep Balasubramanian
Keyword(s):  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Standard Dosage ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) continues to be a major public health problem worldwide. Once a person is infected with HIV, the manifestations of other infections and diseases are altered due to waning of the host immunity.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This study was carried out in HIV reactive patients in Command Hospital, Pune. The types of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in those patients and the response to therapy were studied in detail. The statistical data was expressed as number and percentages.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> In this study, 52 people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) who were having various STIs were included. Majority of the patients in this study belonged to the age group of 20-34 years (75%). The most common STIs encountered were condyloma acuminata (38.45%) followed by syphilis (30.77%), lymphogranuloma venereum, herpes genitalis, chancroid, molluscum contagiosum, gonorrhea and granuloma inguinale. Resistance to antimicrobial therapy at the standard dosage, requirement of higher dosage, resistance and relapse of infections were observed in the patients with PLWH.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Several STIs coexisted with HIV infected patients. Unusual clinical presentations, clinical course and treatment failure in STI were common in HIV infected individuals. Hence all STI patients should be screened for HIV and vice-versa.</p>

scholarly journals Assessing sexually transmitted infections in a cohort of women living with HIV/AIDS, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

2006 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 473-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz Grinsztejn ◽  
Francisco Inácio Bastos ◽  
Valdiléa G Veloso ◽  
Ruth Khalili Friedman ◽  
José Henrique Pilotto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Women Living With Hiv ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

Adolescent Trials Network for HIV-AIDS Scale It Up Program: Protocol for a Rational and Overview (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvie Naar ◽  
Jeffrey T Parsons ◽  
Bonita F Stanton
Keyword(s):  
Implementation Science ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Management Interventions ◽  
Hiv Research ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Youth Living With Hiv ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

BACKGROUND The past 30 years have witnessed such significant progress in the prevention and treatment of HIV/AIDS that an AIDS-free generation and the end to the global AIDS epidemic are ambitious, but achievable, national and global goals. Despite growing optimism, globally, youth living with HIV are markedly less likely to receive antiretroviral therapy than adults (23% vs 38%). Furthermore, marked health disparities exist regarding HIV infection risk, with young men of color who have sex with men disproportionately affected. A large body of research has identified highly impactful facilitators of and barriers to behavior change. Several efficacious interventions have been created that decrease the rate of new HIV infections among youth and reduce morbidity among youth living with HIV. However, full benefits that should be possible based on the tools and interventions currently available are yet to be realized in youth, in large part, because efficacious interventions have not been implemented in real-world settings. Scale It Up (SIU) primarily aims to assemble research teams that will ultimately bring to practice evidence-based interventions that positively impact the youth HIV prevention and care cascades, and in turn, advance the fields of implementation science and self-management science. OBJECTIVE This paper aims to describe the structure of the U19-SIU and the effectiveness-implementation hybrid trials, as well as other center-wide protocols and initiatives, implemented within SIU. METHODS SIU will achieve its aims through 4 individual primary protocols, 2 center-wide protocols, and 3 cross-project initiatives. RESULTS SIU was funded by National Institute for Child Health and Human Development (U19HD089875) and began in October 2016. As of November 2018, 6 SIU protocols have launched at least the first phase of work (ATN 144 SMART: Sequential Multiple Assignment Randomized Trial; ATN 145 YMHP: Young Men’s Health Project; ATN 146 TMI: Tailored Motivational Interviewing Intervention; ATN 153 EPIS: Exploration, Preparation, Implementation, Sustainment model; ATN 154 CM: Cascade Monitoring; ATN 156 We Test: Couples' Communication and HIV Testing). Further details can be found in the individual protocol papers. CONCLUSIONS To date, the youth HIV research portfolio has not adequately advanced the important care area of self-management. SIU protocols and initiatives address this broad issue by focusing on evaluating the effectiveness and implementation of self-management interventions. SIU is highly innovative for 5 primary reasons: (1) our research framework expands the application of “self-management”; (2) the 4 primary protocols utilize innovative hybrid designs; (3) our Analytic Core will conduct cost-effectiveness analyses of each intervention; (4) across all 4 primary protocols, our Implementation Science Core will apply implementation scales designed to assess inner and outer context factors; and (5) we shall advance understanding of the dynamics between provider and patient through analysis of recorded interactions. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPOR DERR1-10.2196/11204

scholarly journals Incidence and time-varying predictors of HIV and sexually transmitted infections among male sex workers in Mexico City

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karla Y. Ganley ◽  
Marta Wilson-Barthes ◽  
Andrew R. Zullo ◽  
Sandra G. Sosa-Rubí ◽  
Carlos J. Conde-Glez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Consistent Condom ◽  
Vaginal Intercourse ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Male Sex Workers ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Male Sex

Abstract Background Male sex workers are at high-risk for acquisition of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We quantified incidence rates of STIs and identified their time-varying predictors among male sex workers in Mexico City. Methods From January 2012 to May 2014, male sex workers recruited from the largest HIV clinic and community sites in Mexico City were tested for chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, hepatitis, and HIV at baseline, 6-months, and 12-months. Incidence rates with 95% bootstrapped confidence limits were calculated. We examined potential time-varying predictors using generalized estimating equations for a population averaged model. Results Among 227 male sex workers, median age was 24 and baseline HIV prevalence was 32%. Incidence rates (per 100 person-years) were as follows: HIV [5.23; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.15–10.31], chlamydia (5.15; 95% CI: 2.58–9.34), gonorrhea (3.93; 95% CI: 1.88–7.83), syphilis (13.04; 95% CI: 8.24–19.94), hepatitis B (2.11; 95% CI: 0.53–4.89), hepatitis C (0.95; 95% CI: 0.00–3.16), any STI except HIV (30.99; 95% CI: 21.73–40.26), and any STI including HIV (50.08; 95% CI: 37.60–62.55). In the multivariable-adjusted model, incident STI (excluding HIV) were lower among those who reported consistently using condoms during anal and vaginal intercourse (odds ratio = 0.03, 95% CI: 0.00–0.68) compared to those who reported inconsistently using condoms during anal and vaginal intercourse. Conclusions Incidence of STIs is high among male sex workers in Mexico City. Consistent condom use is an important protective factor for STIs, and should be an important component of interventions to prevent incident infections.

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